Drugs / Silymarin
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Silymarin

Traditional medicine (herbal / TCM) targets STAT3 via inhibition

Developed for
chronic hepatitis C virus infection · NAFLD1 · acne · drug-induced liver injury · hepatitis C virus infection · HIV infectious disease · hyperpigmentation of the skin · acute transplant rejection
+31 more · allergic asthma · atrial fibrillation · beta-thalassemia major · colorectal cancer · COVID-19 · diabetes mellitus · diabetic kidney disease · end stage renal failure · fibromyalgia · hepatitis · hypertensive nephropathy · immunodeficiency disease · infectious disease with sepsis · liver disorder · metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis · trichotillomania · type 2 diabetes mellitus · ulcerative colitis · viral pneumonia · chemotherapy-induced toxicity · cisplatin toxicity · cognitive impairment with or without cerebellar ataxia · fibrotic liver disease · metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease · Parkinson disease · pathological gambling · peripheral neuropathy · proteinuria · psoriasis · psoriatic arthritis · rheumatoid arthritis
Investigated by
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) · Shiraz University of Medical Sciences · Tanta University · Assiut University · Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
+34 more · Madaus Inc · National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) · Thomas Jefferson University · University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill · University of Pennsylvania · University of Pittsburgh · Ain Shams University · Belupo · Bionorica SE · Brooke Army Medical Center · Bukwang Pharmaceutical · Cairo University · Henry Sacks · Islamabad Medical and Dental College · Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital · Lahore General Hospital · Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College · MinaPharm Pharmaceuticals · National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) · National Institutes of Health (NIH) · National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) · Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) · Prof. Dr. Frank Behrens · Rottapharm · Seoul National University Hospital · University Hospital Rijeka · University Hospital, Martin · University of Chicago · University of Malaya · University of Maryland, Baltimore · University of North Carolina · University of Novi Sad · University of Rijeka · Vanderbilt University

Trials 35

PhaseRegistry idDatesIndicationSponsorStatusOutcome
Phase 16 trials
Phase 1 NCT07058090 Jul → Dec 2025 overdue drug-induced liver injury, tuberculosis Liaquat National Hospital & Medical College Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT01752153 Jun → Sep 2012 immunodeficiency disease Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT01018615 Nov 2009 → Apr 2013 chronic hepatitis C virus infection, disorder of defective peroxisome oxidative status University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00389376 Nov 2006 → Jan 2008 NAFLD1, hepatitis C virus infection National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00065741 Sep 2003 → Mar 2006 — National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00011635 Feb → Jun 2001 HIV infectious disease National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1/21 trial
Phase 1/2 NCT00246363 Jan 2005 → Dec 2007 HIV infectious disease, chronic hepatitis C virus infection Henry Sacks Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 212 trials · 1 met primary · 3 missed
Phase 2 NCT07572552 May 2026 → Apr 2027 expected infectious disease with sepsis Tanta University Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT06213857 Feb → May 2025 overdue ulcerative colitis Tanta University Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT06425705 Feb 2022 → Jul 2023 type 2 diabetes mellitus Lahore General Hospital Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT03982849 Jul → Dec 2019 hyperpigmentation of the skin Islamabad Medical and Dental College Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT02473913 Mar 2015 → Jun 2018 trichotillomania University of Chicago Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT02006498 Jun 2012 → Dec 2015 NAFLD1 University of Malaya Completed Missed primary
Phase 2 NCT01003236 Oct 2010 → Oct 2011 diabetic kidney disease Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Completed Met primary
Phase 2 NCT01001845 Jun 2009 → Mar 2010 end stage renal failure Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00680342 Apr 2008 → Jan 2011 chronic hepatitis C virus infection National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) Completed Missed primary
Phase 2 NCT00680407 Apr 2008 → Nov 2012 metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis Madaus Inc Completed Missed primary
Phase 2/33 trials
Phase 2/3 NCT05144217 Jun 2021 → Dec 2024 drug-induced liver injury Prof. Dr. Frank Behrens Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT01049178 Sep 2010 allergic asthma Vanderbilt University Withdrawn No outcome recorded Stop: Business
Phase 2/3 NCT00999349 Mar → Dec 2009 beta-thalassemia major, disorder of iron metabolism and transport Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 34 trials
Phase 3 NCT06114719 Jan 2023 → Sep 2024 atrial fibrillation University of Novi Sad Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT04394208 Aug 2020 → Jan 2021 COVID-19, viral pneumonia Cairo University Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT06801886 Jan 2020 → Dec 2025 overdue acute transplant rejection, diabetes mellitus, hypertensive nephropathy University Hospital, Martin Enrolling by invitation No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT01258686 Nov 2010 → Nov 2012 chronic hepatitis C virus infection Bukwang Pharmaceutical Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 47 trials
Phase 4 NCT05666765 Jan → Nov 2023 acne Tanta University Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT05099601 May → Dec 2022 hyperpigmentation of the skin Assiut University Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT05849558 Feb 2022 → Dec 2023 liver disorder MinaPharm Pharmaceuticals Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT04490967 Apr → Dec 2021 acne Assiut University Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT02973295 Sep 2019 → Dec 2020 NAFLD1 University Hospital Rijeka Withdrawn No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT03130634 Apr 2016 → Jun 2019 colorectal cancer Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT00412763 Jul 2003 → Oct 2005 hepatitis University of Maryland, Baltimore Completed No outcome recorded
Phase not applicable2 trials
— NCT07293767 Nov 2024 → Jan 2026 overdue fibromyalgia Ain Shams University Recruiting No outcome recorded
— NCT01436929 Sep 2011 → Oct 2013 tuberculosis Seoul National University Hospital Unknown No outcome recorded
Comparator or background therapy19 trials
Phase 0 NCT05523648 Background Jan 2020 → Dec 2021 NAFLD1, chronic hepatitis B virus infection Sichuan Leshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT07001150 Comparator May 2025 → May 2026 overdue Parkinson disease Tanta University Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT02337634 Comparator Jan 2015 → Dec 2022 pathological gambling University of Chicago Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT05595109 Comparator Oct 2022 → Apr 2023 breast cancer, chemotherapy-induced toxicity, cognitive impairment with or without cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy Tanta University Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT01829178 Comparator Aug 2013 → Sep 2014 cisplatin toxicity, gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma Tehran University of Medical Sciences Completed No outcome recorded

Evidence & citations 9 cited values

Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 56 sources stand behind the page.

FieldValueCited text
Known as Silymarin “The control group was treated with silymarin glucosamine tablets (Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; National medicine permission number: H32026233; Production batch:...” NCT05523648 ↗
53

“Silymarin is a complex mixture of 6 major flavonolignans and other minor polyphenolic compounds derived from the milk thistle plant Silybum marianum; it has shown antioxidant,...” PMID 28419855 ↗ Apr 2017

“Silymarin (milk thistle), an extract obtained from Silybum marianum seeds containing a complex of flavonolignans with a potent intracellular antioxidant property.” NCT06213857 ↗

“Patients were randomly assigned to 2 equal groups to receive three 140-mg tablets of silymarin or 3 tablets of placebo daily for 3 months.” PMID 22770926 ↗ Jul 2012

“Silymarin or Milk Thistle may therefore offer promise for the treatment of individuals with trichotillomania.” NCT02473913 ↗

“Silymarin,a mixture of three isomeric flavonolignans, is isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seeds” NCT01001845 ↗

“In this clinical study silymarin will be administered in different dosages and compared to placebo” NCT05144217 ↗

“Silymarin (derived from milk thistle) has antioxidant properties.” PMID 38478366 ↗ Mar 2024

“Silymarin 420 mg in 3 divided dose plus standard chemotherapy” NCT01829178 ↗

“Silymarin was manufactured with concentration of 1.4%” NCT05626881 ↗

“Ursoplus® capsules (UDCA 250mg & Silymarin 140mg)” NCT05849558 ↗

Show 43 more sources

Known as LEGALON “Silymarin (LEGALON)” NCT07293767 ↗
2

“Silymarin (Legalon)” NCT01752153 ↗

“Silymarin (LEGALON)” NCT00999349 ↗

Known as milk thistle “vitamin K (Phytomenadione) 10 mg+ furosemide and spironolactone (Lasilactone) 50 mg + milk thistle (Silymarin) 140 mg + Albumin infusion” NCT03547895 ↗
4

“Silymarin or Milk Thistle may therefore offer promise for the treatment of individuals with gambling disorder.” NCT02337634 ↗

“Silymarin or Milk Thistle may therefore offer promise for the treatment of individuals with trichotillomania.” NCT02473913 ↗

“Silymarin (milk thistle)” NCT00246363 ↗

“Silymarin (milk thistle)” NCT00011635 ↗

Known as Silymarin capsule “Drug: Silymarin capsule” NCT05042245 ↗
Known as Silymarin capsules “Silymarin capsules in the active comparator arm.” NCT05042245 ↗
Action Activate “silymarin, an inducer of antioxidant enzymes” NCT01049178 ↗
Modality Traditional medicine (herbal / TCM) “Silymarin (Milk thistle) is a commonly used dietary supplement in HIV-infected patients for treatment of hepatitis or as a hepato-protectant.” NCT00011635 ↗
Route Oral “given concurrently via the oral route” NCT00065741 ↗
Target STAT3 “As a direct inhibitor of STAT3-a master checkpoint regulator of inflammatory cytokine signaling and immune response” PMID 32517353 ↗ Jun 2020