Silymarin
Traditional medicine (herbal / TCM) targets STAT3, TNF via inhibition
Trials 45 · a red edge is where a trial was stopped
Also used as a comparator or background therapy in 21 trials
| Phase | Registry id | Dates | Indication | Sponsor | Status | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 01 trial | ||||||
| Phase 0 | NCT05523648 Background | Jan 2020 → Dec 2021 | NAFLD1, chronic hepatitis B virus infection | Sichuan Leshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 22 trials | ||||||
| Phase 2 | NCT07001150 Comparator | May 2025 → May 2026 overdue | Parkinson disease | Tanta University | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT02337634 Comparator | Jan 2015 → Dec 2022 | pathological gambling | University of Chicago | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2/32 trials | ||||||
| Phase 2/3 | NCT05595109 Comparator | Oct 2022 → Apr 2023 | breast cancer, chemotherapy-induced toxicity, cognitive impairment with or without cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy | Tanta University | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2/3 | NCT01829178 Comparator | Aug 2013 → Sep 2014 | cisplatin toxicity, gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma | Tehran University of Medical Sciences | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 36 trials | ||||||
| Phase 3 | NCT05631041 Comparator | Dec 2022 → Nov 2024 | colorectal cancer | Tanta University | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT03216668 Comparator | Jun 2017 → Jun 2019 | liver failure | Nhat Nhat Pharmaceutical Company | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT02878863 Background | Aug 2016 → Mar 2017 | autoimmune hepatitis | Xiaoli Fan | Withdrawn | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT01935817 Comparator | Jun 2010 → Dec 2012 | fibrotic liver disease | University of Catania | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT01957319 Comparator | Feb 2010 → Jul 2013 | depressive disorder | University of Catania | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT01091324 Comparator | Jan → Jun 2010 | proteinuria | National Cheng-Kung University Hospital | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 44 trials | ||||||
| Phase 4 | NCT06724952 Comparator | Dec 2024 → Mar 2025 overdue | rheumatoid arthritis | Tanta University | Not yet recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT04816682 Comparator | Mar → Jun 2021 | COVID-19, liver disorder | F.D. Roosevelt Teaching Hospital with Policlinic Banska Bystrica | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT05042245 Comparator | Jul 2019 → Dec 2022 | NAFLD1 | Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT02347319 Comparator | Apr 2012 → May 2013 | liver disorder | PharmaKing | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase not applicable6 trials | ||||||
| — | NCT06922669 Background | Jun 2025 → Mar 2027 expected | drug-induced liver injury | General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT06277635 Comparator | Feb 2024 → Apr 2025 | psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis | Phramongkutklao College of Medicine and Hospital | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT05626881 Comparator | May → Dec 2022 | hyperpigmentation of the skin | Sohag University | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT03659058 Comparator | Mar 2016 → Aug 2018 | fibrotic liver disease | Zagazig University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT03547895 Comparator | Jun 2015 → May 2016 | cirrhosis of liver | Zagazig University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT01800487 Comparator | Jan 2012 → Jun 2013 | tuberculosis | Ramathibodi Hospital | Completed | No outcome recorded |
Evidence & citations 17 cited values
Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 70 sources stand behind the page.
| Field | Value | Cited text |
|---|---|---|
| Known as | Silymarin | “The control group was treated with silymarin glucosamine tablets (Jiangsu Zhongxing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; National medicine permission number: H32026233; Production batch:...” NCT05523648 ↗51“Silymarin is a complex mixture of 6 major flavonolignans and other minor polyphenolic compounds derived from the milk thistle plant Silybum marianum; it has shown antioxidant,...” PMID 28419855 ↗ Apr 2017 “Silymarin (milk thistle), an extract obtained from Silybum marianum seeds containing a complex of flavonolignans with a potent intracellular antioxidant property.” NCT06213857 ↗ “Patients were randomly assigned to 2 equal groups to receive three 140-mg tablets of silymarin or 3 tablets of placebo daily for 3 months.” PMID 22770926 ↗ Jul 2012 “Silymarin or Milk Thistle may therefore offer promise for the treatment of individuals with trichotillomania.” NCT02473913 ↗ “Silymarin,a mixture of three isomeric flavonolignans, is isolated from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) seeds” NCT01001845 ↗ “In this clinical study silymarin will be administered in different dosages and compared to placebo” NCT05144217 ↗ “Silymarin (derived from milk thistle) has antioxidant properties.” PMID 38478366 ↗ Mar 2024 “Silymarin 420 mg in 3 divided dose plus standard chemotherapy” NCT01829178 ↗ “Silymarin was manufactured with concentration of 1.4%” NCT05626881 ↗ “Ursoplus® capsules (UDCA 250mg & Silymarin 140mg)” NCT05849558 ↗ |
| Known as | iSIL | “Intravenous Silibinin (iSIL)” NCT01816490 ↗ |
| Known as | ivSIL | “Intravenous silibinin (ivSIL) is a potent antiviral agent against HCV.” PMID 22155914 ↗ 2011 |
| Known as | Legalon | “Silymarin (Legalon)” NCT01752153 ↗ |
| Known as | Legalon Sil | “First, 16 patients received 10 mg/kg/day SIL IV (Legalon Sil; Madaus, Köln, Germany) for 7 days.” PMID 18771667 ↗ Aug 2008 |
| Known as | milk thistle | “vitamin K (Phytomenadione) 10 mg+ furosemide and spironolactone (Lasilactone) 50 mg + milk thistle (Silymarin) 140 mg + Albumin infusion” NCT03547895 ↗4“Silymarin or Milk Thistle may therefore offer promise for the treatment of individuals with gambling disorder.” NCT02337634 ↗ “Silymarin or Milk Thistle may therefore offer promise for the treatment of individuals with trichotillomania.” NCT02473913 ↗ “Silymarin (milk thistle)” NCT00011635 ↗ “Silymarin (milk thistle)” NCT00246363 ↗ |
| Known as | Realsil | “it was also recommended to take silybin coniugated to vitamin E and phosphatidylcholine that shows higher intestinal absorption and bioavailability (Indena, IBI-Lorenzini spa...” NCT03538327 ↗ |
| Known as | SIL | “Oral Silibinin (SIL) is widely used for treatment of hepatitis C, but its efficacy is unclear.” PMID 18771667 ↗ Aug 2008 |
| Known as | silibin | ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT01265563 ↗ |
| Known as | Silibinin | “The control group was treated with silibinin meglumine tablets and tenofovir, while the treatment group was treated with Ganshuang granules combined with silybin meglumine...” PMID 36588741 ↗ Dec 20227“Silibinin is a polyphenolic flavonolignan derived from milk thistle (Silybum marianium) with anti-oxidant properties.” PMID 20127732 ↗ Jun 2010 |
| Known as | Silybin | ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT03538327 ↗ |
| Known as | Silymarin capsule | “Drug: Silymarin capsule” NCT05042245 ↗ |
| Known as | Silymarin capsules | “Silymarin capsules in the active comparator arm.” NCT05042245 ↗ |
| Action | Inhibit | “In vitro silibinin (SIL) inhibits viral replication, possibly by inhibiting HCV RNA polymerase.” PMID 22155914 ↗ 2011 |
| Modality | Traditional medicine (herbal / TCM) | “Silymarin (Milk thistle) is a commonly used dietary supplement in HIV-infected patients for treatment of hepatitis or as a hepato-protectant.” NCT00011635 ↗ |
| Route | Oral | “given concurrently via the oral route” NCT00065741 ↗ |
| Target | TNF | “Silibinin is able to inhibit Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).” NCT01518933 ↗ |