TAS-102
Regulatory milestones approvals, filings & regulatory actions · 2 recorded
| Milestone | Jurisdiction | Brand | Indication | Date | Sentence it was read from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Approved | EU (EMA) | Lonsurf | — | 2016-04-25 | europa.eu ↗ |
| Approved | US (FDA) | LONSURF | — | 2015-09-22 | fda.gov ↗ |
Trials 74 · started per year
| Phase | Registry id | Dates | Indication | Sponsor | Status | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 119 trials | ||||||
| Phase 1 | NCT07649655 | Jul 2026 → Mar 2028 expected | colorectal cancer | Shanghai EpimAb Biotherapeutics Co., Ltd. | Not yet recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT06817590 | Sep 2025 → Jun 2028 expected | Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome, Revesz syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis and/or bone marrow failure, telomere-related | Suneet Agarwal | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT05848739 | Jun 2023 → May 2026 overdue | colorectal cancer | Sapience Therapeutics | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT04920032 | Aug 2021 → Jan 2027 expected | colon adenocarcinoma | University of California, Irvine | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT04868773 | Jul 2021 → Aug 2023 | colorectal carcinoma, metastatic malignant neoplasm | University of California, Irvine | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT04046887 | Sep 2019 → May 2021 | pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Patrick Joseph Loehrer Sr. | Terminated | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT04074343 | Aug 2019 → Jul 2021 | gastric adenocarcinoma, gastroesophageal cancer | University of California, Irvine | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT03810742 | Mar 2019 → May 2022 | refractory malignant neoplasm | PharmaEngine | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT03297710 | Dec 2017 → Mar 2020 | rectum adenocarcinoma | Mayo Clinic | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT02943733 | Aug 2017 → Nov 2020 | cancer, neuroendocrine neoplasm | University of Wisconsin, Madison | Terminated | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT03305913 | Jul 2017 → Oct 2018 | colorectal cancer | AIO-Studien-gGmbH | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT02602327 | Jan 2017 → May 2021 | colon carcinoma, metastasis from malignant tumor of colon, rectal carcinoma | University of California, San Francisco | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT02301117 | Jan 2015 → Jun 2019 | cancer | Taiho Oncology, Inc. | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT02301104 | Jan 2015 → Jun 2016 | cancer | Taiho Oncology, Inc. | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT02261532 | Sep 2014 → Oct 2015 | — | Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT01916447 | Sep 2013 → Sep 2017 | — | Taiho Oncology, Inc. | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT01867879 | Jun 2013 → Aug 2014 | — | Taiho Oncology, Inc. | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT01867866 | May → Oct 2013 | cancer | Taiho Oncology, Inc. | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT00002818 | Feb 1995 → Feb 2001 | leukemia, plasma cell neoplasm, poisoning | Virginia Commonwealth University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1/27 trials | ||||||
| Phase 1/2 | NCT07196345 | Sep 2025 → Sep 2027 expected | esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Qianfoshan Hospital | Not yet recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1/2 | NCT07044908 | Jul 2025 → Jul 2026 overdue | colorectal cancer | Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Nanjing Shunxin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1/2 | NCT05731947 | Apr 2023 → Jun 2025 | colorectal cancer | Syndax Pharmaceuticals | Terminated | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1/2 | NCT03223779 | Oct 2017 → Feb 2025 | colorectal cancer | Massachusetts General Hospital | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1/2 | NCT03639701 | May 2017 → Dec 2026 expected | mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, myopathic form | Columbia University | Active not recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1/2 | NCT02848079 | Oct 2016 → Jun 2020 | colorectal neoplasm | Yale University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1/2 | NCT02613221 | Dec 2015 → Oct 2017 | colorectal cancer | Takeda | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 237 trials | ||||||
| Phase 2 | NCT07527858 | May 2026 → Dec 2028 expected | colorectal cancer | Gilead Sciences | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT06992258 | Oct 2025 → Dec 2027 expected | colorectal cancer | Criterium, Inc. | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT07116577 | Aug 2025 → Aug 2027 expected | colorectal cancer | Jinan Central Hospital | Not yet recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT07090031 | Jul 2025 → Dec 2027 expected | — | Qingdao Central Hospital | Active not recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT07212933 | Jul 2025 → Dec 2027 expected | gastric cancer | Chinese PLA General Hospital | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT06245356 | Mar 2025 → Oct 2026 expected | colorectal cancer, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency, gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma | UNICANCER | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT06856187 | Feb 2025 → Jun 2026 overdue | colorectal cancer | Fudan University | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT06754098 | Jan 2025 → Jan 2027 expected | inborn mitochondrial myopathy, mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, myopathic form | Cristina Domínguez González | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT06293014 | Feb 2024 → Oct 2025 overdue | colorectal cancer | Henan Cancer Hospital | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT06092242 | Oct 2023 → Oct 2025 overdue | colorectal cancer | The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University | Not yet recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT05854498 | Oct 2023 → Jul 2028 expected | colorectal cancer | University of Wisconsin, Madison | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT05806931 | May 2023 → May 2026 overdue | colon carcinoma, rectal carcinoma | Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT05481463 | Jan 2023 → Mar 2025 | malignant pancreatic neoplasm | Sun Yat-sen University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT04417699 | Jul 2022 → Dec 2023 | rectal cancer | Providence Health & Services | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT05364489 | Jun 2022 → Jun 2025 overdue | colorectal cancer | The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University | Not yet recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT05343013 | Jun 2022 → May 2027 expected | colorectal cancer | M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT05314101 | Apr 2022 → Feb 2023 | colorectal cancer | Fujian Cancer Hospital | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT05004831 | Mar 2022 → Sep 2023 | colorectal cancer | Sun Yat-sen University | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT04808791 | Oct 2021 → Jul 2023 | gastric carcinoma, gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma | AHS Cancer Control Alberta | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT04802707 | Oct 2021 → Jun 2029 expected | mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy | Kenneth Myers, MD | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT05266820 | Oct 2021 → Dec 2022 | colorectal cancer | Fujian Cancer Hospital | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT05029102 | Sep 2021 → Dec 2024 | gastric cancer | Zhejiang University | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT04701476 | May 2021 → Mar 2027 expected | colorectal cancer | Teclison Ltd. | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT04923529 | Mar 2021 → Mar 2024 | malignant pancreatic neoplasm | The University of Hong Kong | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT04683965 | Jan 2021 → Jan 2024 | colorectal neoplasm | The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT04627961 | Aug 2020 → Oct 2024 | nasopharyngeal carcinoma | National University Hospital, Singapore | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT04109924 | Dec 2019 → Sep 2024 | colon adenocarcinoma, rectum adenocarcinoma | Roswell Park Cancer Institute | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT05468892 | Oct 2019 → May 2022 | malignant colon neoplasm | University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT03845712 | Jul 2019 → Jul 2026 overdue | mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, myopathic form | UCB BIOSCIENCES, Inc. | Active not recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT03762161 | Jan 2019 → Jul 2023 | urinary bladder cancer | Rahul Parikh | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT03686488 | Dec 2018 → Jan 2022 | gastric adenocarcinoma, gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma | H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT02921737 | Nov 2017 → Jul 2020 | malignant pancreatic neoplasm | University of Florida | Terminated | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT03251612 | Sep 2017 → Aug 2021 | colorectal cancer | Vejle Hospital | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT02920476 | Jul 2017 → Dec 2018 | squamous cell lung carcinoma | University of Florida | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT02860546 | Aug 2016 → Aug 2017 | colorectal cancer | Taiho Oncology, Inc. | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT02654639 | Feb 2016 → Nov 2017 | colorectal cancer | Georgetown University | Terminated | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT00004658 | Mar 1995 → ? | 5-nucleotidase syndrome | National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 37 trials | ||||||
| Phase 3 | NCT06197425 | May 2026 → May 2032 expected | colorectal adenocarcinoma | Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT06850090 | Jul 2025 → Jun 2027 expected | rectum adenocarcinoma | Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT06199973 | Mar 2024 → Apr 2026 overdue | colorectal cancer | Suzhou Suncadia Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. | Active not recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT04581733 | Sep 2022 → Mar 2025 | mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, myopathic form | Zogenix MDS, Inc. | Withdrawn | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT03520946 | Jan 2019 → Jul 2024 | colorectal cancer | Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF GmbH at Krankenhaus Nordwest | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT02500043 | Feb 2016 → Apr 2018 | — | Taiho Oncology, Inc. | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT01955837 | Sep 2013 → Feb 2016 | colorectal cancer | Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase not applicable2 trials | ||||||
| — | NCT06936488 | Mar 2025 → Oct 2026 expected | colorectal adenocarcinoma | Huai'an First People's Hospital | Enrolling by invitation | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT04517747 | Oct 2020 → Jan 2022 | gastric adenocarcinoma, gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma | Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF GmbH at Krankenhaus Nordwest | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase not stated2 trials | ||||||
| — | NCT06590493 | — | mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome, myopathic form | UCB BIOSCIENCES, Inc. | Available | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT02286492 | — | colorectal cancer | Taiho Oncology, Inc. | Approved for marketing | No outcome recorded |
Also used as a comparator or background therapy in 15 trials
| Phase | Registry id | Dates | Indication | Sponsor | Status | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 11 trial | ||||||
| Phase 1 | NCT04999761 Background | Jun 2021 → May 2026 overdue | alveolar soft part sarcoma, biliary tract cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer +4 | Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1/22 trials | ||||||
| Phase 1/2 | NCT04626635 Background | Dec 2020 → Nov 2026 expected | cancer | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals | Active not recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1/2 | NCT01896856 Comparator | Oct 2013 → Aug 2019 | — | Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 24 trials | ||||||
| Phase 2 | NCT06607458 Background | Aug 2025 → Dec 2026 expected | colorectal cancer | Delcath Systems Inc. | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT06887218 Comparator | May 2025 → Dec 2028 expected | colorectal cancer | The Methodist Hospital Research Institute | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT06563986 Background | Jun 2024 → Jan 2028 expected | colorectal cancer | UMC Utrecht | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT05278351 Comparator | Jul 2022 → Apr 2024 | colorectal cancer | Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2/31 trial | ||||||
| Phase 2/3 | NCT03909724 Comparator | Oct 2019 → Jul 2021 | colorectal cancer, metastatic neoplasm | Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 37 trials | ||||||
| Phase 3 | NCT07384377 Comparator | Feb 2026 → Nov 2027 expected | carcinoma | Shanghai JMT-Bio Inc. | Not yet recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT06356311 Comparator | May 2024 → Jan 2027 expected | gastroesophageal cancer | Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | Active not recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT06346392 Comparator | Mar 2024 → May 2026 overdue | gastric adenocarcinoma, gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma | AstraZeneca | Active not recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT05600309 Comparator | Jun 2022 → Aug 2024 | colorectal cancer | Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT05328908 Comparator | Apr 2022 → Jul 2025 | colorectal neoplasm | Bristol-Myers Squibb | Terminated | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT05064059 Comparator | Nov 2021 → Aug 2024 | colorectal cancer | Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT04776148 Comparator | Mar 2021 → Sep 2024 | colorectal neoplasm | Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC | Completed | No outcome recorded |
Press releases naming this drug 1 release
| Date | Issuer | Release |
|---|---|---|
| 2005-02-28 | Gilead Sciences | 48-Week Data Comparing Viread Versus Abacavir as Replacement for Thymidine Analogue in Lipoatraphic HIV Patients Presented at the 12th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections gilead.com ↗ |
Evidence & citations 19 cited values
Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 96 sources stand behind the page.
| Field | Value | Cited text |
|---|---|---|
| Known as | TAS102 | “randomized for treatment with TAS-102 (standard-arm) or High Dose Intermittent Sunitinib (700 mg once every 2 weeks)” NCT03909724 ↗68“trifluridine/tipiracil (also called TAS-102) are two drugs which are both used late in this sequence of treatments” PMID 33993741 ↗ May 2021 “TAS-102 is a novel oral antimetabolite with a distinct mechanism of action from fluoropyrimidines” PMID 39244627 ↗ Sep 2024 “Nanoliposomal Irinotecan (nal-IRI, ONIVYDE®) in Combination with TAS-102 (LONSURF®)” NCT03810742 ↗ “randomized 1:1 to receive either ramucirumab/TAS102 (arm A) or TAS102 (arm B)” NCT03520946 ↗ “TAS-102 in Patients With Advanced, Refractory Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma” NCT04923529 ↗ “* Tas-102” NCT03251612 ↗ |
| Known as | dCyt | “open label deoxythymidine (dThd) and deoxycytidine (dCyt), which are nucleotide precursors” NCT03639701 ↗ |
| Known as | deoxycytidine | “Treatment of TK2 Deficiency With Thymidine and Deoxycytidine” NCT03639701 ↗ |
| Known as | deoxythymidine | “open label deoxythymidine (dThd) and deoxycytidine (dCyt), which are nucleotide precursors” NCT03639701 ↗ |
| Known as | doxecitine | ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT03845712 ↗ |
| Known as | dThd | “open label deoxythymidine (dThd) and deoxycytidine (dCyt), which are nucleotide precursors” NCT03639701 ↗ |
| Known as | FTD/TPI | “The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) for heavily pretreated metastatic gastric cancer from the perspective of the...” PMID 39510786 ↗ Nov 20243“Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is approved in Japan, the United States (US), and Europe for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) refractory to standard therapies.” PMID 32308505 ↗ Apr 2020 “Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI; TAS-102, Lonsurf®), a novel form of chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), has shown clinical benefit” PMID 30350179 ↗ Oct 2018 |
| Known as | LONSURF | “Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI; TAS-102, Lonsurf®), a novel form of chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), has shown clinical benefit” PMID 30350179 ↗ Oct 20187“Either Lonsurf® or Stivarga® administered per the investigator's choice at the respective drug label's dose and schedule.” NCT05731947 ↗ “Nanoliposomal Irinotecan (nal-IRI, ONIVYDE®) in Combination with TAS-102 (LONSURF®)” NCT03810742 ↗ “TAS-102 (trifluridine and tipiracil, Lonsurf®)” NCT07212933 ↗ |
| Known as | Suyuan | “Tas-102(Suyuan) combined with bevacizumab” NCT06092242 ↗ |
| Known as | TDR | “uridine (UR) and thymidine (TDR) are added to the regimen” NCT00004658 ↗ |
| Known as | thymidine | ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT00004658 ↗ |
| Known as | Triflridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI) | “The purpose of this study is to evaluate the combination of panitumumab and Triflridine/Tipiracil (FTD/TPI; TAS-102) in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer...” NCT02613221 ↗ |
| Known as | trifluridine and tipiracil | “Trifluridine and tipiracil (TAS-102) has overall survival benefit for patients with refractory mCRC and may be a radiosensitizer.” PMID 36514060 ↗ Dec 2022 |
| Known as | Trifluridine/Tipiracil | “Trifluridine-Tipiracil will be administered at 35 mg per square meter orally twice daily, with a glass of water within 1 hour after completion of morning and evening meals, 5...” NCT05468892 ↗17“The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) for heavily pretreated metastatic gastric cancer from the perspective of the...” PMID 39510786 ↗ Nov 2024 “This phase I trial studies the side effects and best dose of trifluridine/tipiracil hydrochloride combination agent TAS-102 (TAS-102) when given together with radiation therapy” NCT03297710 ↗ “In the same patient population, trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD-TPI) and bevacizumab lead to disease control and overall survival benefit and may be a radiosensitizer.” NCT06563986 ↗ “Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) is approved in Japan, the United States (US), and Europe for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) refractory to standard therapies.” PMID 32308505 ↗ Apr 2020 “Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI; TAS-102, Lonsurf®), a novel form of chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), has shown clinical benefit” PMID 30350179 ↗ Oct 2018 “Purpose Trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) was effective in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in a phase II Japanese trial.” PMID 29215955 ↗ Dec 2017 “Trifluridine tipiracil 35 mg/m2 bid during 5 days/w on week 1 and 2 every 4 weeks, for 6 months or until disease progression on imaging” NCT06197425 ↗ “the cytotoxic drug TAS-102 (Trifluridine/Tipiracil) in mPC patients” PMID 41039600 ↗ Oct 2025 “Trifluridine Tipiracil Tablets 35mg/m2 BID D1-D5, D8-D12 oral, Q4W” NCT05278351 ↗ “Trifluridine/Tipiracil (TAS-102)” NCT07116577 ↗ “TAS-102 (trifluridine/tipiracil)” PMID 37455496 ↗ Jul 2023 |
| Known as | trifluridine/tipiracil hydrochloride | “This phase I trial studies the side effects and best dose of trifluridine/tipiracil hydrochloride combination agent TAS-102 (TAS-102) when given together with radiation therapy” NCT03297710 ↗1“TAS-102 (Trifluridine/Tipiracil Hydrochloride) will be administered orally at a dose of 35mg/m², twice daily, Days 1-5, with each cycle lasting 3 weeks.” NCT07212933 ↗ |
| Known as | Trifluridine/tipiracil hydrochloride mixture | “alternative anti-metabolite Trifluridine/tipiracil hydrochloride mixture, TAS-102,(TAS-OX)” NCT05806931 ↗ |
| Action | Inhibit | “thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor” NCT04808791 ↗ |
| Modality | Small molecule | “Oral nucleoside antitumor agent consisting of α,α,α-trifluorothymidine (FTD) and 5-chloro-6-(2-iminopyrrolidin-1-yl) methyl-2,4 (1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione hydro chloride (TPI) at...” NCT02602327 ↗ |
| Route | Intravenous | “Patients receive deoxycytidine IV over 120 hours” NCT00002818 ↗ |