Research In Viral Eradication of HIV Reservoirs

Summary

This study will be a two-arm prospective 1:1 randomised controlled trial comparing: Arm A: cART preferably including raltegravir (combination ART cART - control) Arm B: cART preferably including raltegravir (cART) plus ChAdV63.HIVconsv (ChAd) prime and MVA.HIVconsv (MVA) boost vaccines; followed by a 28-day course of vorinostat (10 doses in total). We hypothesise that this intervention in primary HIV infection will confer a significant reduction in the latent HIV reservoir when compared with cART alone. .

Timeline

Start

2015-11-27

Primary completion

2017-11-15

Completion

2023-03-31

Publications

• Background International AIDS Society Scientific Working Group on HIV Cure; Deeks SG, Autran B, Berkhout B, Benkirane M, Cairns S, Chomont N, Chun TW, Churchill M, Di Mascio M, Katlama C, Lafeuillade A, Landay A, Lederman M, Lewin SR, Maldarelli F, Margolis D, Markowitz M, Martinez-Picado J, Mullins JI, Mellors J, Moreno S, O'Doherty U, Palmer S, Penicaud MC, Peterlin M, Poli G, Routy JP, Rouzioux C, Silvestri G, Stevenson M, Telenti A, Van Lint C, Verdin E, Woolfrey A, Zaia J, Barre-Sinoussi F. Towards an HIV cure: a global scientific strategy. Nat Rev Immunol. 2012 Jul 20;12(8):607-14. doi: 10.1038/nri3262.
• Background Rasmussen TA, Schmeltz Sogaard O, Brinkmann C, Wightman F, Lewin SR, Melchjorsen J, Dinarello C, Ostergaard L, Tolstrup M. Comparison of HDAC inhibitors in clinical development: effect on HIV production in latently infected cells and T-cell activation. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013 May;9(5):993-1001. doi: 10.4161/hv.23800. Epub 2013 Jan 31.
• Background Richman DD. Introduction: challenges to finding a cure for HIV infection. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2011 Jan;6(1):1-3. doi: 10.1097/COH.0b013e328340ffa6.
• Background Bolden JE, Peart MJ, Johnstone RW. Anticancer activities of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Sep;5(9):769-84. doi: 10.1038/nrd2133.
• Background Archin NM, Cheema M, Parker D, Wiegand A, Bosch RJ, Coffin JM, Eron J, Cohen M, Margolis DM. Antiretroviral intensification and valproic acid lack sustained effect on residual HIV-1 viremia or resting CD4+ cell infection. PLoS One. 2010 Feb 23;5(2):e9390. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009390.
• Background Contreras X, Schweneker M, Chen CS, McCune JM, Deeks SG, Martin J, Peterlin BM. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid reactivates HIV from latently infected cells. J Biol Chem. 2009 Mar 13;284(11):6782-9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M807898200. Epub 2009 Jan 9.
• Background Archin NM, Espeseth A, Parker D, Cheema M, Hazuda D, Margolis DM. Expression of latent HIV induced by the potent HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2009 Feb;25(2):207-12. doi: 10.1089/aid.2008.0191.
• Background Archin NM, Vaidya NK, Kuruc JD, Liberty AL, Wiegand A, Kearney MF, Cohen MS, Coffin JM, Bosch RJ, Gay CL, Eron JJ, Margolis DM, Perelson AS. Immediate antiviral therapy appears to restrict resting CD4+ cell HIV-1 infection without accelerating the decay of latent infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jun 12;109(24):9523-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1120248109. Epub 2012 May 29.
• Background Archin NM, Liberty AL, Kashuba AD, Choudhary SK, Kuruc JD, Crooks AM, Parker DC, Anderson EM, Kearney MF, Strain MC, Richman DD, Hudgens MG, Bosch RJ, Coffin JM, Eron JJ, Hazuda DJ, Margolis DM. Administration of vorinostat disrupts HIV-1 latency in patients on antiretroviral therapy. Nature. 2012 Jul 25;487(7408):482-5. doi: 10.1038/nature11286.
• Background Shan L, Deng K, Shroff NS, Durand CM, Rabi SA, Yang HC, Zhang H, Margolick JB, Blankson JN, Siliciano RF. Stimulation of HIV-1-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes facilitates elimination of latent viral reservoir after virus reactivation. Immunity. 2012 Mar 23;36(3):491-501. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.01.014. Epub 2012 Mar 8.
• Background Letourneau S, Im EJ, Mashishi T, Brereton C, Bridgeman A, Yang H, Dorrell L, Dong T, Korber B, McMichael AJ, Hanke T. Design and pre-clinical evaluation of a universal HIV-1 vaccine. PLoS One. 2007 Oct 3;2(10):e984. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000984.
• Background Rollier CS, Reyes-Sandoval A, Cottingham MG, Ewer K, Hill AV. Viral vectors as vaccine platforms: deployment in sight. Curr Opin Immunol. 2011 Jun;23(3):377-82. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2011.03.006. Epub 2011 Apr 20.
• Background Kostense S, Koudstaal W, Sprangers M, Weverling GJ, Penders G, Helmus N, Vogels R, Bakker M, Berkhout B, Havenga M, Goudsmit J. Adenovirus types 5 and 35 seroprevalence in AIDS risk groups supports type 35 as a vaccine vector. AIDS. 2004 May 21;18(8):1213-6. doi: 10.1097/00002030-200405210-00019.
• Background Tatsis N, Blejer A, Lasaro MO, Hensley SE, Cun A, Tesema L, Li Y, Gao GP, Xiang ZQ, Zhou D, Wilson JM, Ertl HC. A CD46-binding chimpanzee adenovirus vector as a vaccine carrier. Mol Ther. 2007 Mar;15(3):608-17. doi: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300078. Epub 2007 Jan 16.
• Background Colloca S, Barnes E, Folgori A, Ammendola V, Capone S, Cirillo A, Siani L, Naddeo M, Grazioli F, Esposito ML, Ambrosio M, Sparacino A, Bartiromo M, Meola A, Smith K, Kurioka A, O'Hara GA, Ewer KJ, Anagnostou N, Bliss C, Hill AV, Traboni C, Klenerman P, Cortese R, Nicosia A. Vaccine vectors derived from a large collection of simian adenoviruses induce potent cellular immunity across multiple species. Sci Transl Med. 2012 Jan 4;4(115):115ra2. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002925.
• Background Barnes E, Folgori A, Capone S, Swadling L, Aston S, Kurioka A, Meyer J, Huddart R, Smith K, Townsend R, Brown A, Antrobus R, Ammendola V, Naddeo M, O'Hara G, Willberg C, Harrison A, Grazioli F, Esposito ML, Siani L, Traboni C, Oo Y, Adams D, Hill A, Colloca S, Nicosia A, Cortese R, Klenerman P. Novel adenovirus-based vaccines induce broad and sustained T cell responses to HCV in man. Sci Transl Med. 2012 Jan 4;4(115):115ra1. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003155.
• Background Sheehy SH, Duncan CJ, Elias SC, Collins KA, Ewer KJ, Spencer AJ, Williams AR, Halstead FD, Moretz SE, Miura K, Epp C, Dicks MD, Poulton ID, Lawrie AM, Berrie E, Moyle S, Long CA, Colloca S, Cortese R, Gilbert SC, Nicosia A, Hill AV, Draper SJ. Phase Ia clinical evaluation of the Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage antigen MSP1 in ChAd63 and MVA vaccine vectors. Mol Ther. 2011 Dec;19(12):2269-76. doi: 10.1038/mt.2011.176. Epub 2011 Aug 23.
• Background Mayr A, Stickl H, Muller HK, Danner K, Singer H. [The smallpox vaccination strain MVA: marker, genetic structure, experience gained with the parenteral vaccination and behavior in organisms with a debilitated defence mechanism (author's transl)]. Zentralbl Bakteriol B. 1978 Dec;167(5-6):375-90. German.
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• Background Hanke T, Samuel RV, Blanchard TJ, Neumann VC, Allen TM, Boyson JE, Sharpe SA, Cook N, Smith GL, Watkins DI, Cranage MP, McMichael AJ. Effective induction of simian immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in macaques by using a multiepitope gene and DNA prime-modified vaccinia virus Ankara boost vaccination regimen. J Virol. 1999 Sep;73(9):7524-32. doi: 10.1128/JVI.73.9.7524-7532.1999.
• Background Schmitz JE, Kuroda MJ, Santra S, Sasseville VG, Simon MA, Lifton MA, Racz P, Tenner-Racz K, Dalesandro M, Scallon BJ, Ghrayeb J, Forman MA, Montefiori DC, Rieber EP, Letvin NL, Reimann KA. Control of viremia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection by CD8+ lymphocytes. Science. 1999 Feb 5;283(5403):857-60. doi: 10.1126/science.283.5403.857.
• Background Barouch DH, Santra S, Kuroda MJ, Schmitz JE, Plishka R, Buckler-White A, Gaitan AE, Zin R, Nam JH, Wyatt LS, Lifton MA, Nickerson CE, Moss B, Montefiori DC, Hirsch VM, Letvin NL. Reduction of simian-human immunodeficiency virus 89.6P viremia in rhesus monkeys by recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccination. J Virol. 2001 Jun;75(11):5151-8. doi: 10.1128/JVI.75.11.5151-5158.2001.
• Background Hayton EJ, Rose A, Ibrahimsa U, Del Sorbo M, Capone S, Crook A, Black AP, Dorrell L, Hanke T. Safety and tolerability of conserved region vaccines vectored by plasmid DNA, simian adenovirus and modified vaccinia virus ankara administered to human immunodeficiency virus type 1-uninfected adults in a randomized, single-blind phase I trial. PLoS One. 2014 Jul 9;9(7):e101591. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101591. eCollection 2014.
• Background Kinloch-de Loes S, Hoen B, Smith DE, Autran B, Lampe FC, Phillips AN, Goh LE, Andersson J, Tsoukas C, Sonnerborg A, Tambussi G, Girard PM, Bloch M, Battegay M, Carter N, El Habib R, Theofan G, Cooper DA, Perrin L; QUEST Study Group. Impact of therapeutic immunization on HIV-1 viremia after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy initiated during acute infection. J Infect Dis. 2005 Aug 15;192(4):607-17. doi: 10.1086/432002. Epub 2005 Jul 15.
• Background Vanham G, Van Gulck E. Can immunotherapy be useful as a "functional cure" for infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1? Retrovirology. 2012 Sep 7;9:72. doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-72.
• Background Dorrell L, Yang H, Ondondo B, Dong T, di Gleria K, Suttill A, Conlon C, Brown D, Williams P, Bowness P, Goonetilleke N, Rostron T, Rowland-Jones S, Hanke T, McMichael A. Expansion and diversification of virus-specific T cells following immunization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara/HIV-1 Gag vaccine. J Virol. 2006 May;80(10):4705-16. doi: 10.1128/JVI.80.10.4705-4716.2006.
• Background Hicks CB, Gay C, Ferrari G. Acute HIV infection: the impact of anti-retroviral treatment on cellular immune responses. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007 Aug;149(2):211-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03437.x. Epub 2007 Jun 21.
• Background Evering TH, Mehandru S, Racz P, Tenner-Racz K, Poles MA, Figueroa A, Mohri H, Markowitz M. Absence of HIV-1 evolution in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue from patients on combination antiviral therapy initiated during primary infection. PLoS Pathog. 2012 Feb;8(2):e1002506. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002506. Epub 2012 Feb 2.
• Background Goujard C, Girault I, Rouzioux C, Lecuroux C, Deveau C, Chaix ML, Jacomet C, Talamali A, Delfraissy JF, Venet A, Meyer L, Sinet M; ANRS CO6 PRIMO Study Group. HIV-1 control after transient antiretroviral treatment initiated in primary infection: role of patient characteristics and effect of therapy. Antivir Ther. 2012;17(6):1001-9. doi: 10.3851/IMP2273. Epub 2012 Aug 6.
• Background SPARTAC Trial Investigators; Fidler S, Porter K, Ewings F, Frater J, Ramjee G, Cooper D, Rees H, Fisher M, Schechter M, Kaleebu P, Tambussi G, Kinloch S, Miro JM, Kelleher A, McClure M, Kaye S, Gabriel M, Phillips R, Weber J, Babiker A. Short-course antiretroviral therapy in primary HIV infection. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jan 17;368(3):207-17. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1110039.
• Background Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Deveau C, Da Silva I, Pellegrin I, Venet A, Harzic M, Sinet M, Delfraissy JF, Meyer L, Goujard C, Rouzioux C; Frnech PRIMO Cohort Study Group. Proviral HIV-1 DNA in subjects followed since primary HIV-1 infection who suppress plasma viral load after one year of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2001 Apr 13;15(6):665-73. doi: 10.1097/00002030-200104130-00001.
• Background Koelsch KK, Boesecke C, McBride K, Gelgor L, Fahey P, Natarajan V, Baker D, Bloch M, Murray JM, Zaunders J, Emery S, Cooper DA, Kelleher AD; PINT study team. Impact of treatment with raltegravir during primary or chronic HIV infection on RNA decay characteristics and the HIV viral reservoir. AIDS. 2011 Nov 13;25(17):2069-78. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32834b9658.
• Results Hamlyn E, Ewings FM, Porter K, Cooper DA, Tambussi G, Schechter M, Pedersen C, Okulicz JF, McClure M, Babiker A, Weber J, Fidler S; INSIGHT SMART and SPARTAC Investigators. Plasma HIV viral rebound following protocol-indicated cessation of ART commenced in primary and chronic HIV infection. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e43754. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043754. Epub 2012 Aug 31.
• Results Eisele E, Siliciano RF. Redefining the viral reservoirs that prevent HIV-1 eradication. Immunity. 2012 Sep 21;37(3):377-88. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.08.010.
• Results Coiras M, Lopez-Huertas MR, Perez-Olmeda M, Alcami J. Understanding HIV-1 latency provides clues for the eradication of long-term reservoirs. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009 Nov;7(11):798-812. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro2223.
• Results Chun TW, Fauci AS. HIV reservoirs: pathogenesis and obstacles to viral eradication and cure. AIDS. 2012 Jun 19;26(10):1261-8. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328353f3f1.
• Results Archin NM, Keedy KS, Espeseth A, Dang H, Hazuda DJ, Margolis DM. Expression of latent human immunodeficiency type 1 is induced by novel and selective histone deacetylase inhibitors. AIDS. 2009 Sep 10;23(14):1799-806. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832ec1dc.
• Results Hutter G, Nowak D, Mossner M, Ganepola S, Mussig A, Allers K, Schneider T, Hofmann J, Kucherer C, Blau O, Blau IW, Hofmann WK, Thiel E. Long-term control of HIV by CCR5 Delta32/Delta32 stem-cell transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2009 Feb 12;360(7):692-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802905.
• Results Saez-Cirion A, Bacchus C, Hocqueloux L, Avettand-Fenoel V, Girault I, Lecuroux C, Potard V, Versmisse P, Melard A, Prazuck T, Descours B, Guergnon J, Viard JP, Boufassa F, Lambotte O, Goujard C, Meyer L, Costagliola D, Venet A, Pancino G, Autran B, Rouzioux C; ANRS VISCONTI Study Group. Post-treatment HIV-1 controllers with a long-term virological remission after the interruption of early initiated antiretroviral therapy ANRS VISCONTI Study. PLoS Pathog. 2013 Mar;9(3):e1003211. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003211. Epub 2013 Mar 14.
• Results Deeks SG. HIV: Shock and kill. Nature. 2012 Jul 25;487(7408):439-40. doi: 10.1038/487439a. No abstract available.
• Results Fidler S, Stohr W, Pace M, Dorrell L, Lever A, Pett S, Kinloch-de Loes S, Fox J, Clarke A, Nelson M, Thornhill J, Khan M, Fun A, Bandara M, Kelly D, Kopycinski J, Hanke T, Yang H, Bennett R, Johnson M, Howell B, Barnard R, Wu G, Kaye S, Wills M, Babiker A, Frater J; RIVER trial study group. Antiretroviral therapy alone versus antiretroviral therapy with a kick and kill approach, on measures of the HIV reservoir in participants with recent HIV infection (the RIVER trial): a phase 2, randomised trial. Lancet. 2020 Mar 14;395(10227):888-898. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32990-3. Epub 2020 Feb 19.

Drugs

Indications