CODEPAD (Collaborative Outcomes of DEpression and Pain Associated With Delivery)

Summary

Postnatal depression affects about 10-15% of women after childbirth. Approximately 3-5% of women experience a moderate-to-severe depression that requires medical attention. This study aims to investigate the implication of pain relief choice in reducing the postnatal depression of women who deliver their babies.

Timeline

Start

2017-06-15

Primary completion

2021-07-19

Completion

2026-12-31

Publications

• Results Tan HS, Tan CW, Sultana R, Chen HY, Chua T, Rahman N, Gandhi M, Sia ATH, Sng BL. The association between epidural labour analgesia and postpartum depression: a randomised controlled trial. Anaesthesia. 2024 Apr;79(4):357-367. doi: 10.1111/anae.16178. Epub 2023 Nov 21.
• Tan CW, Wang S, Sultana R, Sia ATH, Sng BL. Associations of Pain, Analgesia Technique, and Psychological Factors with Central Sensitization after Childbirth. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2026 Jun 18:101881. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2026.101881. Online ahead of print.
• Tan CW, Liu Y, Sultana R, Sia ATH, Sng BL. Understanding maternal pain and psychological vulnerabilities associated with the development of sub-acute pain after childbirth. BMC Anesthesiol. 2026 May 7;26(1):385. doi: 10.1186/s12871-026-03885-x.
• Tan CW, Sultana R, Chen HY, Chua TE, Ku CW, Sng BL. Investigating the association between pain and psychological vulnerabilities and postpartum depression. Sci Rep. 2026 Apr 28. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50140-x. Online ahead of print.
• Chan JCY, Sultana R, Mathur D, Tan CW, Sng BL. The association of pain and psychological vulnerabilities with postpartum pain catastrophizing: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Can J Anaesth. 2025 Apr;72(4):603-614. doi: 10.1007/s12630-025-02920-8. Epub 2025 Mar 20.
• Ayuby NA, Ang MQ, Sultana R, Tan CW, Sng BL. Investigating the association between labor pain and cessation of breastfeeding. Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):31361. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82850-5.
• Tan CW, Tan NY, Sultana R, Tan HS, Sng BL. Investigating the association factors of acute postpartum pain: a cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2023 Jul 25;23(1):252. doi: 10.1186/s12871-023-02214-w.

Drugs

Indications