Drugs / Ursodeoxycholic Acid
last change 10 days ago re-read 8 days ago

Ursodeoxycholic Acid

also known as UDCA · ursodiol · ursodesoxycholic acid · Ursofalk · Actigall · UCD · Ursacol · URSO · +3 more

Small molecule

Developed for
primary biliary cholangitis · cholestasis · cirrhosis of liver · liver disorder · NAFLD1 · obesity disorder · primary sclerosing cholangitis · type 2 diabetes mellitus
+58 more · Clostridium difficile colitis · cystic fibrosis · gestational diabetes · hyperbilirubinemia · Parkinson disease · adrenoleukodystrophy · autoimmune hepatitis · autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease · Barrett esophagus · bone remodeling disease · breast cancer · carcinoma of esophagus · cardiomyopathy · cholangitis · cholecystolithiasis · cholelithiasis · chronic hepatitis C virus infection · classic familial adenomatous polyposis · classic or attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis · colorectal cancer · congestive heart failure · COVID-19 · d-bifunctional protein deficiency · diarrheal disease · end stage renal failure · gallstones · gastric intestinal metaplasia · gastroesophageal reflux disease · glucose intolerance · hepatic encephalopathy · hepatitis · hepatitis A virus infection · hepatitis D virus infection · hepatitis E virus infection · Huntington disease · intestinal polyp · intrahepatic cholestasis · intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy · kidney cancer · metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis · obstructive jaundice · parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis · pouchitis · radiation-induced disorder · rhegmatogenous retinal detachment · rheumatoid arthritis · short bowel syndrome · tumor of duodenum · Zellweger spectrum disorders · acute pancreatitis · diabetes mellitus · drug-induced hepatitis · fibrotic liver disease · infectious disease with sepsis · ischemic disease · postcholecystectomy syndrome · pregnancy disorder · protein-energy malnutrition
Investigated by
Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD. · Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH · Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati · Ain Shams University · Axcan Pharma · Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India
+103 more · Jinling Hospital, China · National Cancer Institute (NCI) · National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) · Radboud University Medical Center · Seoul National University Hospital · Teva Pharmaceuticals USA · Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases · Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam · Agis Zorgverzekeringen · American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases · American University of Beirut Medical Center · Amira Adel Fouly · Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago · Asmaa Abdelfattah Elsayed · Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris · Baylor College of Medicine · Beijing 302 Hospital · Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences · Chang Gung Memorial Hospital · Children's Healthcare of Atlanta · Children's Hospital Los Angeles · Children's Hospital of Philadelphia · China National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases · City of Hope Medical Center · Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Sheffield · Combined Military Hospital, Pakistan · Dutch Cancer Society · Dutch Digestive Diseases Foundation · Egyptian Chinese University · Ethan Weinberg · Eurasia Invest Ltd. · Ewha Womans University · First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University · First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University · Fundacion para la Formacion e Investigacion Sanitarias de la Region de Murcia · Fuzhou General Hospital · GlaxoSmithKline · Gregory Graf, PhD · Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust · HaEmek Medical Center, Israel · Hopital Foch · Huntington Society of Canada · Huntington Study Group · Hvidovre University Hospital · Ibrahim Mohamed · Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, China · JP Moulton Charitable Foundation · King's College London · Makassed General Hospital · Mayo Clinic · Medical Centre Hospital of the President's Affairs Administration, Republic of Kazakhstan · Medical College of Wisconsin · Meridian Bioscience, Inc. · Ministry of Education and Science, Republic of Kazakhstan · Muhammad Aamir Latif · NYU Langone Health · National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) · National Heart and Lung Institute · National Natural Science Foundation of China · National Taiwan University Hospital · Norgine · Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust · Oregon Health and Science University · PRO.MED.CS Praha a.s. · Peking Union Medical College Hospital · PharmaEssentia · Phoenix Children's Hospital · Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing · SVS Institute of Dental Sciences · Shaare Zedek Medical Center · Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · Sirtex Medical · Stanford University · all 109 on the full record

Regulatory milestones approvals, filings & regulatory actions · 3 recorded

MilestoneJurisdictionBrandIndicationDateSentence it was read from
Label expansion US (FDA) URSO 250 — 2004-07-21 fda.gov ↗
Label expansion US (FDA) ACTIGALL — 1996-03-29 fda.gov ↗
Approved US (FDA) ACTIGALL — 1987-12-31 fda.gov ↗

Trials 86 · started per year

today
US approved 1987
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
3
3
4
3
2
3
7
3
7
5
3
2
3
6
2
4
4
3
7
198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025202620272028
PhaseRegistry idDatesIndicationSponsorStatusOutcome
Phase 01 trial
Phase 0 NCT06884748 May 2026 → May 2027 expected Clostridium difficile colitis Medical College of Wisconsin Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 114 trials · 2 met primary
Phase 1 NCT02967250 Apr 2020 → Feb 2022 Parkinson disease University of Minnesota Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT03512821 Oct → Nov 2017 — Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD. Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT03512808 Jun → Jul 2017 — Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD. Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT03000218 Aug 2016 → Jun 2017 obesity disorder Seoul National University Hospital Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT02789644 May → Jul 2016 — Seoul National University Hospital Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT02622685 May 2015 → Feb 2016 — Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD. Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT02385032 Feb → Mar 2015 — Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD. Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT01088607 Oct 2010 → Dec 2016 primary sclerosing cholangitis University of Tennessee Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00873275 Mar 2009 → Sep 2012 colorectal cancer City of Hope Medical Center Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00514774 Aug 2007 → Jun 2009 Huntington disease Oregon Health and Science University Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 1/23 trials
Phase 1/2 NCT05659654 Dec 2022 → Mar 2023 COVID-19 Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, China Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2 NCT03516006 Jan 2017 → Jan 2019 primary sclerosing cholangitis Fuzhou General Hospital Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2 NCT02965911 Jan 2016 → Sep 2021 primary biliary cholangitis Beijing 302 Hospital Withdrawn No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
Phase 218 trials · 2 met primary · 2 missed
Phase 2 NCT07378761 Jun 2026 → Jan 2028 expected liver disorder University Hospital, Montpellier Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT07672860 Jun → Oct 2026 expected kidney cancer Jinling Hospital, China Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT06842472 Feb 2025 → Dec 2028 expected breast cancer Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT05467553 Feb 2023 → Feb 2025 hepatitis D virus infection National Taiwan University Hospital Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT04834557 Nov 2021 → May 2022 rheumatoid arthritis Tanta University Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT03840005 Dec 2018 → May 2021 Parkinson disease Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT03602976 Aug 2018 → Jan 2022 — Ethan Weinberg Terminated No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
Phase 2 NCT02244944 Sep 2014 → Sep 2015 NAFLD1 Gregory Graf, PhD Terminated No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
Phase 2 NCT01899703 Mar 2014 → Oct 2015 intrahepatic cholestasis GlaxoSmithKline Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT02021110 Dec 2013 → Oct 2015 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, liver disorder Radboud University Medical Center Completed Missed primary
Phase 2/36 trials · 2 missed
Phase 2/3 NCT03724175 Aug 2019 → Mar 2026 pouchitis, ulcerative colitis Stanford University Terminated No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
Phase 2/3 NCT06365424 Apr 2017 → Apr 2027 expected primary biliary cholangitis Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT00808743 May 2009 → Jul 2011 classic familial adenomatous polyposis, intestinal polyp, tumor of duodenum Radboud University Medical Center Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT00846963 Oct 2008 → Dec 2012 cholestasis Ibrahim Mohamed Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT00134758 Oct 2004 → Jun 2009 classic or attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Unknown Missed primary
Phase 2/3 NCT00059202 Jul 2002 → Jun 2008 primary sclerosing cholangitis National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Terminated Missed primary
Phase 38 trials · 1 met primary
Phase 3 NCT06294847 Aug 2024 → May 2027 expected rhegmatogenous retinal detachment Hopital Foch Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT05416580 Sep 2022 → Mar 2024 type 2 diabetes mellitus University of Banja Luka Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT06127355 Mar 2021 → Feb 2022 gestational diabetes Fundacion para la Formacion e Investigacion Sanitarias de la Region de Murcia Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT02823353 Apr 2016 → May 2022 primary biliary cholangitis Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases Completed Met primary
Phase 3 NCT02721862 Mar 2016 → Sep 2018 cholelithiasis American University of Beirut Medical Center Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT01226823 Nov 2010 → Nov 2013 intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy University of Bologna Withdrawn No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00706381 Jun 2008 → Aug 2012 — National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Completed Mixed
Phase 3 NCT00200343 Jul 2002 → Dec 2004 chronic hepatitis C virus infection Tanabe Pharma Corporation Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 418 trials · 1 met primary · 1 missed
Phase 4 NCT06610760 Nov 2024 → Oct 2026 expected gastric intestinal metaplasia Yongquan Shi Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT06517862 Sep 2024 → Mar 2026 hyperbilirubinemia Amira Adel Fouly Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT06918080 Nov 2023 → May 2025 overdue NAFLD1, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, obesity disorder Ain Shams University Active not recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT05690646 Jan → Mar 2023 — China National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT05410535 Sep 2021 → Oct 2022 gastric cancer Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD. Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT04407650 Jul 2021 → Dec 2024 overdue gestational diabetes King's College London Active not recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT04910178 Dec 2020 → Dec 2021 NAFLD1, type 2 diabetes mellitus Asmaa Abdelfattah Elsayed Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT04650243 Jan 2020 → May 2025 overdue primary biliary cholangitis Peking Union Medical College Hospital Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT02748616 Mar 2017 → Nov 2019 diarrheal disease NYU Langone Health Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT02338635 Jul 2015 → Jan 2017 end stage renal failure Ewha Womans University Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase not applicable18 trials · 2 met primary
— NCT07664020 Jun 2026 → Nov 2027 expected liver disorder Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
— NCT07525401 Apr → Oct 2026 expected hepatitis A virus infection, hepatitis E virus infection Combined Military Hospital, Pakistan Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
— NCT07867366 Feb → Jul 2026 hyperbilirubinemia Muhammad Aamir Latif Completed No outcome recorded
— NCT07273734 Jan 2026 → Jun 2027 expected hepatic encephalopathy West China Hospital Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
— NCT07102979 Sep → Dec 2025 overdue cirrhosis of liver Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Enrolling by invitation No outcome recorded
— NCT07110987 Jun 2025 → Jan 2027 expected — Tishreen University Hospital Recruiting No outcome recorded
— NCT06684106 Nov 2024 → Nov 2026 expected glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Recruiting No outcome recorded
— NCT06091787 Sep 2023 → Nov 2024 — Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India Completed No outcome recorded
— NCT04937023 Jun → Dec 2021 bone remodeling disease SVS Institute of Dental Sciences Unknown No outcome recorded
— NCT05043194 Jan → Sep 2021 parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis Wei Liu Unknown No outcome recorded
Comparator or background therapy61 trials
Phase 0 NCT06591455 Comparator Sep 2024 → Aug 2025 primary biliary cholangitis Han Ying Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT05832697 Comparator Jan 2022 → Jan 2023 — Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD. Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT03201952 Comparator Feb 2018 → May 2020 glucose intolerance Vanderbilt University Medical Center Terminated No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
Phase 1 NCT02841306 Comparator Jul 2016 → Sep 2017 rhegmatogenous retinal detachment Francine Behar-Cohen Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT01440309 Comparator Nov 2011 → Nov 2013 primary biliary cholangitis Robert Chunhua Zhao, MD, PhD Unknown No outcome recorded

News releases announcing trial results or a regulatory action · 5

DateIssuerRelease
2020-10-18 Zydus Lifesciences Limited Regulatory Zydus Cadila receives Final Approval from USFDA for Ursodiol Capsules and Tentative Approval for Linagliptin and Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets zyduslife.com ↗
Zydus Cadila has received final approval from the USFDA to market Ursodiol Capsules USP, 300 mg (US RLD: Actigall ®Capsules).
2020-06-19 Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD. Results Daewoong Pharmaceutical’s Ursa Published in a SCI Journal for Efficacy in the Prevention of Gallstone Formation daewoong.co.kr ↗
The findings showed higher effects on gallstone prevention in the Ursa 300-mg and 600-mg groups than the placebo group.
2009-05-14 Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc. Regulatory Teva Announces Approval And Launch Of Generic Urso 250® And Urso Forte® tevapharm.com ↗
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (Nasdaq: TEVA) announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has granted approval for the Company's Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) for Ursodiol Tablets USP, 250 mg and 500 mg.
2008-12-16 Lannett Company, Inc. Regulatory Lannett Company Receives FDA Approval For Ursodiol 300 MG CapsulesPDF Version investorroom.com ↗
Lannett Company, Inc. (AMEX: LCI), a manufacturer of generic pharmaceuticals, today announced that it has received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of its Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) for Ursodiol 300 mg Capsules, the generic equivalent of Actigall® marketed by Watson Pharmaceuticals.
2007-09-11 Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD. Regulatory UDCA’s Efficacy in Improvement of Liver Functions of Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Acknowledged daewoong.co.kr ↗
Ursodeoxycholic acid, the active ingredient of Ursa, was recently acknowledged for its efficacy in the improvement of liver functions of chronic hepatitis C patients by Japan’s Ministry of Health and Welfare.

Evidence & citations 15 cited values

Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 160 sources stand behind the page.

FieldValueCited text
Known as ursodeoxycholic acid “The study is aimed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of a combination therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid (12-16 mg/kg body weight (BW)/d) plus budesonide (9 mg/d) vs....” NCT00746486 ↗
118

“Compare optimized doses of TUDCA with ursodiol (ursodeoxycholic acid; UDCA) for effects on biliary bile acid composition and metabolism, serum biochemistries, fat absorption,...” NCT00004441 ↗

“The aim of this study is to explore the potential of Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) to slow down the progression of Parkinson's Disease (PD) in a randomised, double-blind,...” NCT03840005 ↗

“Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) exerts anticholestatic, antifibrotic and antiproliferative effects in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) via mechanisms not yet fully understood.” PMID 22414767 ↗ Mar 2012

“Patients are sequentially treated with 2 formulations of ursodeoxycholic acid: unmodified ursodiol (Actigall) and buffered, enteric-coated ursodiol (Ursocarb).” NCT00004315 ↗

“Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been the only treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) approved by US and European drug administrations.” NCT02823353 ↗

“Three week pre-treatment with daily doses of 500 mg b.i.d ursodeoxycholic acid from the morning of D-20 until the evening of Day D-1” NCT00857480 ↗

“Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), as the first BA used in humans, improves glucose and lipid metabolism and attenuates oxidative stress.” PMID 38455850 ↗ Feb 2024

“Study of Obeticholic Acid(OCA) Combination With Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) in Patients With Primay Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC)” NCT04956328 ↗

“Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been the only treatment for PBC approved by US and European drug administrations.” NCT02916290 ↗

“Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been the only treatment for PBC approved by US and European drug administrations.” NCT02916641 ↗

Show 108 more sources

Known as Actigall “Patients are sequentially treated with 2 formulations of ursodeoxycholic acid: unmodified ursodiol (Actigall) and buffered, enteric-coated ursodiol (Ursocarb).” NCT00004315 ↗
Known as UCD “Daily doses of Ursodeoxycholic acid (UCD) Ursofalk) in a dose of 20 mg/Kg/day in two divided doses depending on their body weight for 12 weeks will be assigned to arm(1)” NCT06918080 ↗
Known as UDCA “Hypothesis: The bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in delayed (ileocolonic)-release formulation, stimulates bile acid membrane receptor (TGR-5) and farnesol X (FXR)...” NCT02033876 ↗
69

“In patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), the efficacy of budesonide, a synthetic corticosteroid displaying high first-pass metabolism, is unresolved. In a...” PMID 32950590 ↗ Sep 2020

“High field - 7 tesla (T) - magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is able to non-invasively assess for changes in brain energetics and will be used to evaluate the effects that...” NCT02967250 ↗

“The goal of this open label randomized trial is to understand the role of oral ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) supplementation in the liver regeneration (in terms of liver function...” NCT06091787 ↗

“Compare optimized doses of TUDCA with ursodiol (ursodeoxycholic acid; UDCA) for effects on biliary bile acid composition and metabolism, serum biochemistries, fat absorption,...” NCT00004441 ↗

“Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is very safe drug which is used to dissolve gallstones, but its role in preventing biliary complications after ABP has not been studied adequately...” NCT04924868 ↗

“Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare autoimmune liver disease and the first line available treatment is ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), however, direct and indirect...” PMID 32758152 ↗ Aug 2020

“The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if ursodeoxycholic acid, also called UDCA, can help protect kidney function in adults undergoing partial nephrectomy for kidney tumors.” NCT07672860 ↗

“Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) inhibits proliferation of polycystic human cholangiocytes in vitro and hepatic cystogenesis in a rat model of polycystic liver disease (PLD) in vivo.” PMID 27212247 ↗ May 2016

“All subjects will receive Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) administered at 500 mg/day for 24 weeks as an addon treatment to the current DMARDs treatments for rheumatoid arthritis.” NCT05973370 ↗

“The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy and safety of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in the treatment of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).” NCT01576458 ↗

Show 59 more sources

Known as Ursacol “One of the products and ursodeoxycholic acid, commercially known as Ursacol, a bile acid physiologically present in human bile, approved by Agência Nacional de Vigilância...” NCT03489889 ↗
Known as URSO “Ursodeoxycholic Acid (URSO)” NCT06842472 ↗
Known as Ursocarb “Patients are sequentially treated with 2 formulations of ursodeoxycholic acid: unmodified ursodiol (Actigall) and buffered, enteric-coated ursodiol (Ursocarb).” NCT00004315 ↗
Known as ursodeoxycholate acid “Though ursodeoxycholate acid (UDCA) is the wellknown effective therapy for PBC” NCT01857284 ↗
Known as ursodesoxycholic acid “The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ursodesoxycholic acid (UDCA) on duodenal adenoma formation in patients with FAP.” PMID 21899713 ↗ Jul 2012
1

NCT00470171 ↗

Known as ursodiol “Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), or ursodiol, is a bile acid commonly used to manage cholestatic liver disease.” NCT06517862 ↗
24

“Ursodiol 13-15 mg per kg per day combined with Ezetimibe (Zetia) 10 mg per day” NCT02244944 ↗

NCT01097304 ↗

NCT03512808 ↗

NCT06884748 ↗

NCT00004441 ↗

NCT00062023 ↗

NCT02033876 ↗

NCT01505569 ↗

NCT00004442 ↗

NCT03512821 ↗

Show 14 more sources

Known as Ursofalk “ursodeoxycholic acid capsules (Ursofalk, 250 mg/capsules), starting with oral administration of pharmacologic doses of 20-25mg/kg/d, twice daily, until they were discharged .” NCT05043194 ↗
1

“Daily doses of Ursodeoxycholic acid (UCD) Ursofalk) in a dose of 20 mg/Kg/day in two divided doses depending on their body weight for 12 weeks will be assigned to arm(1)” NCT06918080 ↗

Known as Ursolvan “oral administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (Ursolvan®)” NCT06294847 ↗
Action Activate “UDCA activated Nrf2 signaling to increase GPX1 and catalase expression” PMID 24852569 ↗ May 2014
Modality Small molecule “the secondary bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)” NCT04834557 ↗
Route Oral “Patients are randomized to receive either TUDCA or ursodiol orally for an initial 3 month period” NCT00004441 ↗