Calcium carbonate

also known as Calcium · calcium acetate · Calcium Citrate · Phos-ex · Phoslo · Tums · BAY1180654 · CaC03 · +6 more

Developed for: osteoporosis · obesity disorder · hyperphosphatemia · vitamin D deficiency · chronic kidney disease · kidney failure · dental caries · disease of bone structure
+51 more
· dyspepsia · dystocia · hypertension, pregnancy-induced · postmenopausal osteoporosis · acquired hyperprolactinemia · adenomatous colon polyp · arterial disorder · arteriosclerosis disorder · calcinosis · cancer · colon adenoma · colonic neoplasm · colorectal cancer · colorectal neoplasm · diabetic kidney disease · diarrheal disease · disease related to transplantation · eclampsia · end stage renal failure · fetal growth restriction · HELLP syndrome · hypertensive disorder · hypotensive disorder · juvenile idiopathic arthritis · metabolic bone disorder · ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome · polyp · preeclampsia · premature aging syndrome · primary hyperparathyroidism · renal osteodystrophy · secondary hypoparathyroidism due to impaired parathormon secretion · type 2 diabetes mellitus · uterine disorder · vascular disorder · vascular ectasia · acute kidney injury · adenocarcinoma · alcohol dependence · benign paroxysmal positional vertigo · bone disorder · cardiac valvular defect · colorectal adenoma · heart valve disorder · hypoparathyroidism · male infertility · mineral metabolism disease · musculoskeletal system disorder · myopathy · premenstrual tension · rickets
Investigated by: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) · Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) · GlaxoSmithKline · Gulhane School of Medicine · Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC · Nabi Biopharmaceuticals
+101 more
· National Cancer Institute (NCI) · National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) · National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) · National Institute on Aging (NIA) · Takeda · Aarhus University Hospital · Acerta Pharma BV · Achillion, a wholly owned subsidiary of Alexion · Addpharma Inc. · Advancing Clinical Therapeutics Globally for HIV/AIDS and Other Infections · Aga Khan University · Akebia Therapeutics · Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · Arrowhead Regional Medical Center · Ascension Health · Assiut University · Bayer · Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority · Cairo University · Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) · Chadi A. Calarge · Changhai Hospital · Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati · Children's Miracle Network · Christiana Care Health Services · Colotech A/S · Columbia University · Creighton University · Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center · Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital · Florida International University · Fresenius Medical Care North America · FrieslandCampina · Frontier Medical and Dental College, Abbotabad · Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Albacete · Ghana Health Services · Hebrew SeniorLife · Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · Indian Council of Medical Research · Indiana Nanotech, LLC · Indonesia University · Institut Africain de Sante Publique · Instituto de Salud Carlos III · Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health · Keryx Biopharmaceuticals · Laval University · Leiden University Medical Center · Loyola University · Maastricht University Medical Center · Medical University of Vienna · Ministry of Science and Technology of the People´s Republic of China · National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) · National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) · National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) · National Institutes of Health (NIH) · Novartis · Ochsner Health System · Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) · Ohio State University · Organon and Co · Ottawa Hospital Research Institute · PPD Development, LP · Pfizer · Providence Health & Services · Romanian Society of Nephrology · SDK Therapeutics, Inc. · SIGA Technologies · Seoul National University Hospital · Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine · Shire · Solvay Pharmaceuticals · St. Jude Children's Research Hospital · Stanford University · all 107 on the full record

Regulatory milestones approvals, filings & regulatory actions · 1 recorded

Milestone	Jurisdiction	Brand	Indication	Date	Sentence it was read from
Approved	US (FDA)	ISOPAQUE 280	—	1974-04-30	fda.gov ↗

Trials 75 · started per year

today

US approved 1974

197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026202720282029

Phase	Registry id	Dates	Indication	Sponsor	Status	Outcome
Phase 02 trials
Phase 0	NCT06650930	Jan → Aug 2025 overdue	pregnancy disorder	Stanford University	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT04620252	Feb 2021 → Mar 2022	dental caries	University of Michigan	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 113 trials
Phase 1	NCT06882031	Mar → Jun 2025	acute promyelocytic leukemia	SDK Therapeutics, Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT06293326	Mar → May 2024	dyspepsia	Bayer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT06025773	Sep 2023 → Apr 2024	gastroesophageal reflux disease	Addpharma Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT04299633	Jun → Aug 2020	—	Akebia Therapeutics	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT05109390	Jul → Oct 2018	—	Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02473367	Jun → Aug 2015	HIV infectious disease	Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02338713	Jan → Feb 2015	—	Takeda	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT04914936	Sep → Oct 2014	—	Acerta Pharma BV	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01762995	Dec 2012 → Mar 2013	HIV infectious disease	ViiV Healthcare	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01639222	Jul → Aug 2012	calcium metabolic disease, vitamin D deficiency	Takeda	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00642252	Jan 2012 → Dec 2013	dental caries	Indiana Nanotech, LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00967629	Jun 2009 → Feb 2010	diabetic kidney disease	Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00682214	May → Nov 2008	vitamin D deficiency	Indian Council of Medical Research	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 1/21 trial
Phase 1/2	NCT00436475	Sep 2007 → Nov 2009	glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome X, type 2 diabetes mellitus	Tufts Medical Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 214 trials
Phase 2	NCT05691959	Jan 2023 → Jan 2025	atrial fibrillation, hypotensive disorder	Ascension Health	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT05424263	Sep 2022 → Jul 2025	arterial disorder, premature aging syndrome, vascular ectasia	University of Colorado, Denver	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT04225767	Feb 2020 → Jan 2023	cancer	Zealand University Hospital	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02916862	Feb 2020 → Apr 2025	osteoporosis	Florida International University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03070483	Mar → Nov 2018	hypertensive disorder, vitamin D deficiency	Loyola University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01994733	Jan 2014 → Apr 2015	end stage renal failure	Unity Health Toronto	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01403051	Sep 2011 → Feb 2013	HIV infectious disease	Advancing Clinical Therapeutics Globally for HIV/AIDS and Other Infections	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01037452	Dec 2009 → Jan 2010	dyspepsia	Novartis	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00973336	Sep 2009 → Sep 2017	metabolic bone disorder, primary hyperparathyroidism	Medical University of Vienna	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00560300	Nov 2000 → Nov 2006	renal osteodystrophy	National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00000429	Jun 1996 → May 2001	juvenile idiopathic arthritis	Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00000426	Jan 1995 → Jun 2000	osteoporosis	Creighton University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00000543	Aug 1993 → Jul 1999	heart disorder, preeclampsia	National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00000402	Aug 1991 → Dec 2001	osteoporosis	Ohio State University	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 2/35 trials
Phase 2/3	NCT07056062	Apr 2024 → May 2025	dystocia, uterine disorder	Arrowhead Regional Medical Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT05523609	Nov 2022 → Sep 2024	breast cancer	Tanta University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT02066688	Jan 2013 → Dec 2015	colorectal neoplasm	Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT00153816	Jul 2004 → Oct 2013	colon adenoma, colorectal cancer, polyp	Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT00302276	Jan → Jul 2004	obesity disorder	University of Copenhagen	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 318 trials
Phase 3	NCT05612984	Apr 2024 → Jun 2026	fetal growth restriction, hypertension, pregnancy-induced	Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02007837	Jan → Apr 2018	hypertension, pregnancy-induced	UMC Utrecht	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03202407	Aug 2017 → Aug 2018	hyperphosphatemia	Assiut University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01427335	Oct 2011 → Sep 2013	ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome	Cairo University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01191255	Oct 2010 → Jan 2013	hyperphosphatemia, kidney failure	Keryx Biopharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01452243	Nov 2008 → Nov 2011	—	Gerencia de Atención Primaria, Albacete	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00799383	Nov 2008 → Mar 2014	acquired hyperprolactinemia	Chadi A. Calarge	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00486512	Jun 2007 → Nov 2010	adenomatous colon polyp	Colotech A/S	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00421343	Feb 2007 → Jun 2008	osteoporosis	Hebrew SeniorLife	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00211978	May 2005 → Jun 2006	hyperphosphatemia, kidney failure	Nabi Biopharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00172172	Jan 2004 → Mar 2005	osteoporosis	Shire	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00650637	Jan → Aug 2003	diarrheal disease	Pfizer	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00030238	Feb 2002 → Dec 2007	obesity disorder	Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00186901	Jul 2000 → Jun 2009	acute lymphoblastic leukemia, osteoporosis	St. Jude Children's Research Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00398606	Apr 1995 → Feb 1998	postmenopausal osteoporosis	Organon and Co	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00357643	Oct 1992 → Feb 1996	osteoporosis	Tufts University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00000534	Mar 1991 → Jun 2000	HELLP syndrome, eclampsia, heart disorder	Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00000611	? → Mar 2005	breast neoplasm, colonic neoplasm, coronary artery disorder, disease of bone structure +2	National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 411 trials
Phase 4	NCT06580782	Nov 2024 → Dec 2025 overdue	dystocia	Weill Medical College of Cornell University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04485039	Jun → Dec 2022	smallpox	SIGA Technologies	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04258475	Dec 2020 → Jun 2024	—	Ottawa Hospital Research Institute	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01748396	Jul 2012 → Jan 2013	chronic kidney disease	Seoul National University Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01427907	Sep 2011 → Jul 2012	chronic kidney disease	Fresenius Medical Care North America	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01447433	Apr 2011 → Jan 2012	obesity disorder	Changhai Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01135615	Jan 2008 → Apr 2010	—	Gulhane School of Medicine	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00211939	Jan 2005 → Dec 2006	arteriosclerosis disorder, calcinosis, secondary hyperparathyroidism	Nabi Biopharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00160264	Jan 2003 → ?	osteoporosis	Solvay Pharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00353054	Jan 2003 → Jul 2005	obesity disorder	Laval University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00486772	—	vascular disorder	Gulhane School of Medicine	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase not applicable11 trials
—	NCT07651709	Jun 2026 → Jan 2035 expected	disease of bone structure, epilepsy	The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07381998	Jan 2026 → Jul 2027 expected	secondary hypoparathyroidism due to impaired parathormon secretion	Aarhus University Hospital	Enrolling by invitation	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06464718	Jun → Dec 2022	—	Frontier Medical and Dental College, Abbotabad	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05354310	Feb 2022 → Feb 2024	—	Leiden University Medical Center	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05186194	Sep 2021 → Jun 2022	—	Xijing Hospital	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT03550534	Nov 2015 → Dec 2016	chronic kidney disease	Indonesia University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00364000	Jan 2012 → Jul 2015	hyperphosphatemia	Romanian Society of Nephrology	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01107808	Jun 2009 → Sep 2010	obesity disorder, vitamin D deficiency	University of Alabama at Birmingham	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00567606	Apr 2002 → Dec 2007	postmenopausal osteoporosis	University of Nebraska	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00302627	Jan 1999 → Nov 2002	disease related to transplantation	Providence Health & Services	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00018135	—	kidney failure	National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)	Completed	No outcome recorded

Also used as a comparator or background therapy in 116 trials

Phase	Registry id	Dates	Indication	Sponsor	Status	Outcome
Phase 02 trials
Phase 0	NCT03629717 Background	Jun → Dec 2018	female breast carcinoma	Washington University School of Medicine	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT01991574 Comparator	Apr → Oct 2009	chronic kidney disease	Medical Research Council	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 13 trials
Phase 1	NCT03612466 Background	Aug 2022 → Jan 2023	bone neoplasm, osteosarcoma	Albert Einstein College of Medicine	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02647671 Comparator	Apr 2016 → Mar 2021	colorectal cancer	James Varani	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00298545 Comparator	Nov 2005 → May 2009	adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenoma, polyp	Rockefeller University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/21 trial
Phase 1/2	NCT01375010 Background	Jan 2011 → Feb 2016	HIV infectious disease	Columbia University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 220 trials
Phase 2	NCT06503978 Background	Aug 2024 → Jul 2025 overdue	autism spectrum disorder, constipation disorder, diarrheal disease	Gut-Brain-Axis Therapeutics Inc.	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT06321796 Background	Feb 2024 → Feb 2025	Pitt-Hopkins syndrome	Gut-Brain-Axis Therapeutics Inc.	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT04850222 Comparator	Sep 2021 → Feb 2025	musculoskeletal system disorder	University of Florida	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT04067726 Background	Aug 2019 → Sep 2025 overdue	female breast upper-inner quadrant cancer	Washington University School of Medicine	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02854722 Background	Jan 2018 → Jun 2019	postmenopausal osteoporosis	Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02944799 Comparator	Dec 2015 → Dec 2021	osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis	University of Aarhus	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02074631 Background	Feb 2015 → Oct 2022	osteoporosis	Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01696279 Comparator	Feb 2013 → Nov 2018	chronic kidney disease, hyperphosphatemia	Shire	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01739855 Comparator	Nov 2012 → Jul 2014	—	Medical University of Vienna	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01867697 Background	May 2012 → Mar 2019	colorectal cancer	Per Pfeiffer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01493050 Comparator	Feb 2012 → Dec 2013	diabetic kidney disease	Gary Striker	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00996801 Background	Nov 2009 → Jun 2011	postmenopausal osteoporosis	Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00752557 Comparator	Dec 2008 → Apr 2015	osteoporosis	Pfizer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00623974 Background	May 2008 → Jun 2010	—	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00323583 Background	May 2006 → ?	pancreatic adenocarcinoma	Seattle Cancer Treatment and Wellness Center	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00074711 Comparator	Aug 2004 → Jun 2008	osteoporosis	Creighton University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00172068 Background	Jan 2002 → Nov 2008	breast cancer	Novartis Pharmaceuticals	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00004488 Background	Oct 1998 → Sep 2002	Gaucher disease, osteoporosis	Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00001304 Background	Oct 1991 → Mar 2014	hypoparathyroidism	Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00061256 Background	? → Sep 2006	HIV infectious disease	National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 2/32 trials
Phase 2/3	NCT03824587 Background	Feb → Jul 2019	hyperphosphatemia	Ardelyx	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT01304927 Comparator	Feb 2011 → Dec 2014	male infertility	Rigshospitalet, Denmark	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 323 trials
Phase 3	NCT05305183 Background	May 2022 → May 2023	osteoporosis	Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., LTD	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03634917 Comparator	Aug 2020 → Aug 2023	alcohol dependence	Technical University Dresden	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03930992 Comparator	Apr 2019 → Oct 2022	osteoporosis	University of Guadalajara	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03396380 Comparator	Jul 2017 → Mar 2018	female infertility	Ain Shams University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02688764 Comparator	May 2016 → Feb 2019	hyperphosphatemia	Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02186600 Background	Feb 2015 → Jun 2019	—	University of Nebraska	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01522521 Background	Feb 2012 → Jan 2015	osteoporosis	Asahi Kasei Therapeutics Corporation	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01578200 Comparator	Dec 2011 → Mar 2019	hyperphosphatemia	Translational Research Center for Medical Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01656512 Comparator	Oct 2011 → Jan 2014	osteoporosis	Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01480869 Background	Jul 2011 → Dec 2014	breast cancer	Institut du Cancer de Montpellier - Val d'Aurelle	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01357317 Comparator	Jun 2011 → Oct 2013	chronic kidney disease	Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01190683 Comparator	Aug 2010 → Apr 2011	vitamin D deficiency	Indian Council of Medical Research	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01087658 Background	Feb 2010 → Mar 2013	colorectal neoplasm	Sanofi	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00824993 Background	Dec 2008 → Apr 2017	hematopoietic and lymphoid cell neoplasm	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00757393 Background	Sep 2008 → Sep 2015	osteoporosis	The Hospital for Sick Children	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00507000 Background	May 2008 → Sep 2010	tuberculosis	Indian Council of Medical Research	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00404820 Background	Oct 2006 → Dec 2008	osteoporosis	Novartis	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00352846 Background	Jan 2006 → Sep 2011	non-Hodgkin lymphoma	M.D. Anderson Cancer Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01514851 Comparator	Jan → May 2006	hyperphosphatemia	Bayer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00500409 Comparator	Dec 2005 → Dec 2006	osteoporosis	Virchow Group	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00196755 Comparator	Dec 2004 → Mar 2006	chronic kidney disease	Genzyme, a Sanofi Company	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00043719 Background	Jul 2002 → Dec 2007	osteoporosis	National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00103740 Background	Apr 2002 → Dec 2003	bone Paget disease	Novartis Pharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 435 trials
Phase 4	NCT06385093 Comparator	Jun 2024 → Dec 2025	osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis	Chinese SLE Treatment And Research Group	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06660524 Comparator	Mar 2024 → Jun 2025 overdue	cardiac valvular defect, chronic kidney disease, heart valve disorder, mineral metabolism disease	China National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06042985 Comparator	Dec 2023 → Apr 2024	—	General Committee of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Egypt	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05884372 Comparator	Aug 2023 → Jul 2025	postmenopausal osteoporosis	Xi'an Honghui Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05577507 Comparator	Mar → May 2023	chronic kidney disease, hyperphosphatemia	Ain Shams University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05630768 Background	Jan 2023 → Jul 2025	postmenopausal osteoporosis	Dong-A ST Co., Ltd.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05313477 Comparator	May 2022 → Aug 2023	chronic hepatitis B virus infection, vitamin D deficiency	Mahidol University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05203588 Background	Oct 2021 → Oct 2022	osteoporosis	Shanghai Changzheng Hospital	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02393482 Comparator	Jun → Dec 2021	amenorrhea, endometriosis	University of Cagliari	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03425747 Comparator	Oct 2019 → Apr 2020	hypoparathyroidism	Campus-Bio-Medico University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04618952 Comparator	Jan 2019 → Aug 2020	hypertensive disorder	Shiraz University of Medical Sciences	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02836184 Comparator	Jul → Sep 2016	hyperphosphatemia	Jiujiang No.1 People's Hospital	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02602704 Comparator	Dec 2015 → Oct 2017	rheumatoid arthritis	Hanyang University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02237534 Comparator	Sep 2014 → Mar 2023	chronic kidney disease, hyperphosphatemia, metabolic bone disorder	Osaka University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02031692 Comparator	Dec 2013 → May 2017	benign paroxysmal positional vertigo	Seoul National University Bundang Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02090400 Background	May 2013 → Jul 2015	postmenopausal osteoporosis	Instituto Palacios	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01709110 Background	Oct 2012 → Jul 2016	postmenopausal osteoporosis	Eli Lilly and Company	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04609189 Comparator	Jul 2012 → May 2014	postmenopausal osteoporosis	University of Alberta	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01400516 Background	Aug 2011 → Jul 2015	rheumatoid arthritis	Brigham and Women's Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01845090 Comparator	Aug 2011 → Jul 2014	—	Camillians Saint Mary's Hospital Luodong	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01277497 Comparator	Jan 2011 → Jan 2016	chronic kidney disease	Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01222026 Comparator	Sep 2010 → Dec 2014	osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism	Medical University of Vienna	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02620345 Background	Jan 2010 → Oct 2015	benign neoplasm of corpus uteri	Trieu, Nguyen Thi, M.D.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00765687 Comparator	Aug 2008 → May 2012	metastatic carcinoma in the bone, non-small cell lung carcinoma	Sun Yat-sen University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01578434 Comparator	Nov 2007 → Feb 2009	rickets	Lady Hardinge Medical College	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01755078 Comparator	Jun 2007 → Jun 2009	hyperphosphatemia	Chugai Pharma Taiwan	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00668330 Comparator	Apr 2007 → May 2009	systemic lupus erythematosus	Chinese University of Hong Kong	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00460733 Comparator	Mar 2007 → Sep 2011	—	Sanofi	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00491920 Background	Feb 2007 → Feb 2010	osteoporosis	University Hospital of North Norway	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00869622 Comparator	Jun 2006 → Oct 2012	disease of bone structure, epilepsy, osteoporosis	Boston VA Research Institute, Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00271713 Comparator	Mar 2006 → Sep 2007	postmenopausal osteoporosis	Charite University, Berlin, Germany	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00303485 Background	Feb 2006 → Jun 2007	postmenopausal osteoporosis	Hoffmann-La Roche	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00616694 Background	Jul 2002 → Dec 2004	osteoporosis	Sanofi	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01882400 Background	May 2001 → Sep 2007	cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, osteoporosis	Gilles Boire	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00860964 Comparator	Feb 1998 → Feb 2003	osteoporosis	Peking Union Medical College	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase not applicable30 trials
—	NCT07597096 Comparator	May → Jun 2026 overdue	secondary hypoparathyroidism due to impaired parathormon secretion	King Edward Medical University	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07334626 Background	Jan → Jul 2026 overdue	breast cancer, osteoporosis	Benha University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07577570 Comparator	Nov 2025 → Oct 2027 expected	hypoparathyroidism	Tartu University Hospital	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07491601 Background	Jan 2025 → Dec 2028 expected	secondary hypoparathyroidism due to impaired parathormon secretion	Nicolas Schlegel	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06671665 Background	Nov 2024 → May 2025 overdue	—	Cairo University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06022237 Background	Sep 2023 → Aug 2024	cirrhosis of liver, disease of bone structure	Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05252884 Comparator	Jun 2022 → Oct 2024	goiter, hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer, thyroiditis	Centro de Excelencia en Enfermedades de Cabeza y Cuello	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05392790 Background	May 2022 → Oct 2023	systemic lupus erythematosus	Cairo University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06218212 Comparator	Feb 2022 → Mar 2023	acute kidney injury	Ain Shams University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05970250 Background	Jan → Apr 2022	breast cancer, osteoporosis	Cairo University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05559619 Comparator	Jul 2021 → Jun 2022	postmenopausal osteoporosis	Cairo University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT04555317 Background	May 2021 → Aug 2025	female reproductive organ cancer	The Christie NHS Foundation Trust	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05395949 Background	Jan 2019 → Dec 2022 overdue	breast disorder, granulomatous mastitis, psychiatric disorder	Wuhan University	Enrolling by invitation	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02827643 Comparator	Jun 2016 → Mar 2017	bone disorder	Mahidol University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT03484416 Comparator	Mar 2016 → May 2017	thyroid cancer	Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02273570 Background	Mar 2015 → Dec 2016	secondary hyperparathyroidism of renal origin	Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Anna	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02274454 Comparator	Nov 2014 → Mar 2015	—	Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01806454 Comparator	Oct 2013 → Nov 2015	preeclampsia	West China Second University Hospital	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02922803 Comparator	May 2010 → Aug 2016	myopathy, vitamin D deficiency	Uppsala University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01141998 Background	Dec 2009 → May 2010	chronic pancreatitis, malabsorption syndrome	Hvidovre University Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00785629 Comparator	Feb 2009 → Jul 2011	chronic kidney disease	Denver Nephrologists, P.C.	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00837655 Comparator	Jan 2009 → Jun 2011	chronic renal failure syndrome, end stage renal failure, hyperphosphatemia	Karolinska Institutet	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00982722 Background	Apr 2008 → May 2018	primary hyperparathyroidism	Karolinska University Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00990678 Background	Apr 2008 → Feb 2010	HIV infectious disease	Hvidovre University Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00710788 Comparator	Jan 2007 → Sep 2010	—	Azienda Sanitaria ASL Avellino 2	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00736632 Background	May 2006 → Jan 2019	hypertensive disorder, type 2 diabetes mellitus, vitamin D deficiency	Washington University School of Medicine	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01049815 Comparator	Feb 2005 → Feb 2009	end stage renal failure	Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00965562 Comparator	Sep 2000 → Jun 2010	premenstrual tension	Donaghue Medical Research Foundation	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00536653 Comparator	Oct 1999 → Jan 2007	osteoporosis	Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Trust	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00004489 Background	Oct 1998 → Sep 2002	cystic fibrosis, osteoporosis	University of North Carolina	Completed	No outcome recorded

Press releases naming this drug 2 releases

Date	Issuer	Release
2026-05-12	AstraZeneca	Eneboparatide normalised serum calcium and achieved independence from active vitamin D and oral calcium supplements in 31.1% of adults with hypoparathyroidism at week 24 in CALYPSO Phase III trial astrazeneca.com ↗
2025-03-17	AstraZeneca	Eneboparatide met primary endpoint of normalising serum calcium in adults with hypoparathyroidism at 24 weeks in CALYPSO Phase III trial astrazeneca.com ↗

Evidence & citations 17 cited values

Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 192 sources stand behind the page.

Field	Value	Cited text
Known as	Calcium carbonate	“Specially formulated supplements (Tishcon, Inc.) that contain 500 mg of calcium (carbonate) and 500 IU of vitamin D3 to be taken twice daily with breakfast and dinner (1000 mg...” NCT01375010 ↗ 90 “The patient will receive a dose of 1,200 mg Calcium carbonate every 8 hours + 0.25 mcg of calcitriol every 12 hours orally for 15 days, starting on the same day as the intervention.” NCT05252884 ↗ “Once daily calcium carbonate 1,250 mg that equal to elemental calcium 600 mg and weekly vitamin D2 20,000international units are given in intervention arms for duration of 24 weeks” NCT02827643 ↗ “If some participants cannot tolerate the aluminum/magnesium hydroxide, we will allow calcium carbonate alternatives equivalent in acid neutralizing capacity.” NCT06321796 ↗ “We will give women in one group a placebo (inactive pill) and women in the other group 1500 milligrams of calcium per day (as calcium carbonate).” NCT00000426 ↗ “60,000 IU sachet and calcium carbonate Oral cholecalciferol (vitamin D)60,000 IU weekly along with daily oral dose of 1 gm calcium carbonate” NCT00507000 ↗ “Each tablet contained 500 milligrams of calcium carbonate and 200 international units (IU) of vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).” NCT04618952 ↗ “supplementation with 1250 mg calcium carbonate and 400 IU of vitamin D3 in risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia.” PMID 29112461 ↗ Nov 2017 “calcium compound containing 25 g calcium carbonate (500mg elemental calcium) and vitamin D3 400IU taken daily” NCT06464718 ↗ “calcium carbonate antacid as TUMS® Ultra Strength (US) 1000 and 1200 mg raltegravir given concomitantly” PMID 27671833 ↗ Sep 2016 “2 Arm (HIV+): will receive Zoledronic acid 4mg and standard treatment (vitamin D and calcium carbonate)” NCT03930992 ↗ “Oral cholecalciferol (vitamin D)60,000 IU weekly along with daily oral dose of 1 gm calcium carbonate” NCT00682214 ↗ “all subjects will receive Calcium Carbonate and Vitamin D3 Tablets as basic medication.” NCT05305183 ↗ “we will allow calcium carbonate alternatives equivalent in acid neutralizing capacity.” NCT06503978 ↗ “Combination tablet of Cholecalciferol (800 IU or 20 ug) and calcium carbonate (500 mg)” NCT02922803 ↗ “Cholecalciferol 4000 units orally daily Calcium carbonate 500 mg orally twice daily” NCT00736632 ↗ “Cyanocobalamin 4mcg/day Calcium Carbonate 150 mg/day Ferrous Fumarate 27 mg/day” NCT02620345 ↗ “supplement with 12 g/day of SCF + calcium carbonate (600 mg/day) for 12 months” NCT02916862 ↗ “Twice daily oral calcitriol with 1000 mg Calcium carbonate supplementation” NCT00001304 ↗ “23 patients received sevelamer and 27 patients received calcium carbonate” PMID 27007989 ↗ Mar 2016 “sevelamer("Renvela®"), calcium carbonate, calcium acetate("Phoslo®")” NCT02273570 ↗ “Calcium Carbonate capsules prepared by NIH PDS” NCT00030238 ↗ “calcium carbonate orally 1200mg daily” NCT01107808 ↗ “Calcium carbonate” NCT01994733 ↗ “calcium carbonate” NCT03824587 ↗ NCT02237534 ↗ NCT01037452 ↗ NCT04609189 ↗ NCT00398606 ↗ NCT04914936 ↗ NCT00153816 ↗ NCT00560300 ↗ NCT00650637 ↗ NCT05109390 ↗ NCT04258475 ↗ NCT01867697 ↗ NCT00004489 ↗ NCT06882031 ↗ NCT00004488 ↗ NCT03425747 ↗ NCT01514851 ↗ NCT00061256 ↗ NCT01493050 ↗ NCT01578200 ↗ NCT01845090 ↗ NCT01696279 ↗ NCT00352846 ↗ NCT05313477 ↗ NCT06580782 ↗ NCT02393482 ↗ NCT06293326 ↗ NCT00996801 ↗ NCT00074711 ↗ NCT00186901 ↗ NCT00837655 ↗ NCT00982722 ↗ NCT03612466 ↗ NCT03484416 ↗ NCT01049815 ↗ NCT05577507 ↗ NCT06385093 ↗ NCT01739855 ↗ NCT06660524 ↗ NCT01403051 ↗ NCT02836184 ↗ NCT00436475 ↗ NCT01762995 ↗ NCT07056062 ↗ NCT00486512 ↗ NCT00000429 ↗ NCT00967629 ↗ NCT07597096 ↗ NCT00302627 ↗ NCT05559619 ↗ NCT00710788 ↗ NCT02031692 ↗ NCT04620252 ↗ NCT02647671 ↗ NCT03634917 ↗ NCT00421343 ↗ NCT06218212 ↗ NCT06042985 ↗ NCT01994733 ↗ NCT02186600 ↗ NCT06025773 ↗ NCT01447433 ↗ NCT07577570 ↗ NCT03550534 ↗ NCT01190683 ↗ NCT01748396 ↗ NCT06650930 ↗
Known as	BAY1180654	“bi-layer calcium carbonate tablet (BAY1180654)” NCT06293326 ↗
Known as	CaC03	“The active treatment group is taking, in a single daily dose, two 500 mg tablets of elemental Ca as CaC03 (calcium carbonate) and one multivitamin tablet containing 400 IU vitamin D.” NCT00000429 ↗
Known as	CaCO3	“Daily dose of 0.5 mg calcitriol (1a -25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, Rocaltrol; Roche, Basel, Switzerland), 75 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and 1250 mg calcium carbonate (CaCO3).” NCT00486512 ↗
Known as	calciprex	“calcium (calciprex®, Marcyrl Pharmaceutical Industries) 1250 mg twice daily” NCT03396380 ↗
Known as	Calcium	“The objective of the present study was to investigate the acute and sub-chronic effect of a supplement containing green tea extract, capsaisin, caffeine, tyrosine and calcium...” NCT00302276 ↗ 79 “Prednisone 30 mg/day, supplemented with calcium and omeprazole, and Prednisone were slowly reduced to 10 mg/day after symptoms were relieved, and combined with 7.5 mg/week MTX therapy.” NCT05395949 ↗ “Over-the-counter level of fluoride (226 ppm) plus calcium (30 ppm) in a fluoride mouthrinse; FDA considers fluoride in a rinse formulation as a 'drug'; dosage is 10 mL per treatment.” NCT00642252 ↗ “G2 group receives 1200 mg of calcium and 400 IU of vitamin D supplements per day, 35 mg of risedronate per week, but do not participate in strength/weight training exercises.” NCT00567606 ↗ “Participants will be given dietary supplement powder containing protein, galactooligosaccharide (GOS), vitamin D, and calcium throughout the twelve weeks of intervention.” NCT05354310 ↗ “Single capsule with 80mg low-dose aspirin, 1.2 grams calcium, 600 IU vitamin D, 5mg folic acid and 1000 ug vitamin B12 mixed.” NCT02007837 ↗ “calcium plus vitamin D (calcium+D) supplementation (600 mg elemental calcium and 5 microg vitamin D, consumed twice a day)” PMID 19263591 ↗ Mar 2009 “Investigating the Effect of Extracellular Calcium on Oxytocin-induced Human Myometrial Contractility In-vitro” NCT02274454 ↗ “Administer Osteoform 20 µg daily subcutaneously and 1000 mg calcium and 500 IU vitamin D orally for 180 days” NCT00500409 ↗ “Actonel 5 mg orally once daily (OD), calcium 500 mg + vitamin D 200 units twice daily (BID)” NCT00616694 ↗ “(b) calcium and vitamin D (c) calcium, vitamin D and bisphosphonate (alendronate)” NCT04555317 ↗ “Co-administration with Zometa: Calcium 500 mg + vitamin D 400-500 IU daily” NCT00765687 ↗ “zoledronic acid (i.v.)/year + daily calcium and vitamin D for 2 years” NCT01522521 ↗ “2g Strontium Ranelate once daily 1000mg Calcium 800 IE Vitamin D” NCT01222026 ↗ “Treatment with Calcium, vitamin D and a weekly bisphosphonate.” NCT01882400 ↗ “Calcium 500 mg and vitamin D3 1000 IU chewable tablets” NCT02338713 ↗ “Placebo, calcium 900mg/d, VitD200iu/d and exercise” NCT00860964 ↗ “Calcium 500 mg by mouth everyday for 12 months” NCT00824993 ↗ “calcium 500 mg” NCT00491920 ↗ NCT00752557 ↗ NCT04850222 ↗ NCT00668330 ↗ NCT02066688 ↗ NCT00172068 ↗ NCT01427335 ↗ NCT01709110 ↗ NCT00043719 ↗ NCT01480869 ↗ NCT00973336 ↗ NCT01087658 ↗ NCT00404820 ↗ NCT00990678 ↗ NCT07334626 ↗ NCT01141998 ↗ NCT00536653 ↗ NCT05884372 ↗ NCT05203588 ↗ NCT00623974 ↗ NCT05392790 ↗ NCT05691959 ↗ NCT01578434 ↗ NCT00298545 ↗ NCT00103740 ↗ NCT00000611 ↗ NCT04067726 ↗ NCT01656512 ↗ NCT02090400 ↗ NCT07491601 ↗ NCT00000543 ↗ NCT00000534 ↗ NCT00172172 ↗ NCT00869622 ↗ NCT00965562 ↗ NCT05970250 ↗ NCT07381998 ↗ NCT00757393 ↗ NCT02854722 ↗ NCT06022237 ↗ NCT02602704 ↗ NCT00460733 ↗ NCT02074631 ↗ NCT01452243 ↗ NCT05523609 ↗ NCT00357643 ↗ NCT01806454 ↗ NCT01304927 ↗ NCT00303485 ↗ NCT00271713 ↗ NCT05612984 ↗ NCT05186194 ↗ NCT00323583 ↗ NCT00160264 ↗ NCT01639222 ↗ NCT02944799 ↗ NCT05630768 ↗ NCT00000402 ↗ NCT03629717 ↗ NCT07651709 ↗ NCT04225767 ↗ NCT03396380 ↗
Known as	calcium acetate	“Changes With Lanthanum Carbonate, Calcium Acetate, and Phosphorus Restriction in CKD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.” PMID 29989014 ↗ Mar 2018 20 “calcium acetate("Phoslo®"), calcium acetate/magnesium carbonate ("Osvaren®")” NCT02273570 ↗ “AC (sevelamer carbonate and/or calcium acetate)” PMID 26239948 ↗ Sep 2015 “Calcium acetate” NCT01755078 ↗ “calcium acetate” NCT03824587 ↗ NCT00211939 ↗ NCT00785629 ↗ NCT04299633 ↗ NCT01135615 ↗ NCT00364000 ↗ NCT01991574 ↗ NCT00486772 ↗ NCT01427907 ↗ NCT03202407 ↗ NCT00196755 ↗ NCT05424263 ↗ NCT01277497 ↗ NCT02688764 ↗ NCT00018135 ↗ NCT04485039 ↗ NCT00211978 ↗
Known as	Calcium Citrate	“This study has only one arm and all participants will receive Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) 5,000 IU daily for 3 months and 1000 mg of calcium citrate daily for 3 months.” NCT03070483 ↗ 5 “Patients in both groups received calcium supplementation in the form of tablets that contain 665 mg calcium citrate.” NCT06671665 ↗ NCT03425747 ↗ NCT01400516 ↗ NCT06042985 ↗ NCT04620252 ↗
Known as	COS	“The investigational compound is calcium acetate oral solution (COS) or Phoslyra.” NCT01427907 ↗
Known as	Kalcidon	“Calcium carbonate tablets, 250 mg (Kalcidon, Abigo AB).” NCT00837655 ↗
Known as	Phos-ex	“Patients were randomly assigned in 1:1 ratio to receive sevelamer (Renagel capsule) or calcium acetate (Phos Ex tablet).” NCT00486772 ↗ 1 “Patients were randomly assigned in 1:1 ratio to receive sevelamer (Renagel capsule) or calcium acetate (Phos Ex tablet).” NCT01135615 ↗
Known as	Phoslo	“calcium acetate("Phoslo®"), calcium acetate/magnesium carbonate ("Osvaren®")” NCT02273570 ↗ 1 “Calcium acetate (PhosLo® )” NCT00196755 ↗
Known as	Phoslyra	“Calcium Acetate (Phoslyra®) - Oral Solution: 667 mg calcium acetate per 5 mL.” NCT02688764 ↗
Known as	Tums	“calcium carbonate (commonly marketed as "Tums")” NCT06650930 ↗ 1 “Calcium carbonate (Tums), vitamin D” NCT00186901 ↗
Known as	Tums tablets	“1,000 mg of calcium carbonate (Tums tablets) by mouth” NCT00000429 ↗
Modality	Other / unclassified	“Calcium-based phosphate binders are associated with progressive coronary artery and aortic calcification” NCT00364000 ↗
Route	Oral	“1,000 mg of calcium carbonate (Tums tablets) by mouth” NCT00000429 ↗