Drugs / Disulfiram
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Disulfiram

also known as DSF · Antabuse · Antabus · Disulfirame · Esperal · NSC-25953 · ORA102

Small molecule targets ALDH1A1, ALDH2, DBH, LOX, LOXL2, MGMT via inhibition

Developed for
glioblastoma · cocaine dependence · alcohol dependence · alcohol-related disorders · HIV infectious disease · opiate dependence · breast cancer · COVID-19
+26 more · melanoma · obesity disorder · prostate cancer · age-related macular degeneration · brain cancer · cancer · germ cell tumor · metastatic melanoma · metastatic neoplasm · methamphetamine dependence · non-small cell lung carcinoma · osteosarcoma · pancreatic adenocarcinoma · plasma cell myeloma · refractory malignant neoplasm · retinitis pigmentosa · rheumatoid arthritis · sarcoma · Stargardt disease · thoracic cancer · cocaine abuse · inherited retinal dystrophy · macular degeneration · malignant pancreatic neoplasm · substance abuse · substance-related disorder
Investigated by
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) · Yale University · Cantex Pharmaceuticals · University of California, San Francisco · University of Utah · Baylor College of Medicine
+63 more · Case Comprehensive Cancer Center · National Cancer Institute, Slovakia · Sahlgrenska University Hospital · University of Arkansas · University of Ulm · Washington University School of Medicine · Anticancer Fund, Belgium · Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris · Augusta Hospital, Berlin · College of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Zhejiang University · Daniel George, MD · ETICA · FDC Foundation · Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare · First People's Hospital of Hangzhou · Give 1 For Dad Campaign · Hadassah Medical Organization · John P. Fruehauf · Johns Hopkins University · Karolinska University Hospital · Laboratorios Doctor Macías · Lund University Hospital · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · Mayo Clinic · Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center · Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC · Monash University · National Cancer Institute (NCI) · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) · National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) · National Research Agency, France · New York State Psychiatric Institute · Olympion Medical Center · Peter Michael Foundation · Presbyterian Health Foundation · Psykiatrisk Center Gentofte · Region Örebro County · Reliable Cancer Therapies · Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc. · Ryhov County Hospital · Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins · Spring Research Foundation · St. Olavs Hospital · St. Vincent's Medical Center · The Alfred · The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University · The Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Czech Republic · The V Foundation for Cancer Research · University Hospital Olomouc · University Hospital, Linkoeping · University of California, Irvine · University of Eastern Finland · University of Guanajuato · University of Ioannina · University of Melbourne · University of New Mexico · University of Oklahoma · University of Pennsylvania · University of Rochester · Uppsala University Hospital · VA Connecticut Healthcare System · Wake Forest University Health Sciences · amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research

Regulatory milestones approvals, filings & regulatory actions · 1 recorded

MilestoneJurisdictionBrandIndicationDateSentence it was read from
Approved US (FDA) ANTABUSE — 1951-08-28 fda.gov ↗

Trials 49

PhaseRegistry idDatesIndicationSponsorStatusOutcome
Phase 03 trials
Phase 0 NCT05162001 Nov 2021 → Jan 2022 obesity disorder University of Guanajuato Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 0 NCT03151772 Jan 2018 → Sep 2020 glioblastoma Sahlgrenska University Hospital Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 0 NCT01907165 Oct 2013 → Nov 2016 glioblastoma Washington University School of Medicine Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 19 trials
Phase 1 NCT07719127 Oct 2026 → Dec 2027 expected brain cancer Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT06319872 May 2025 → May 2029 expected Stargardt disease, age-related macular degeneration, alcohol-related disorders, retinitis pigmentosa University of Rochester Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT05210374 Mar 2023 → Sep 2026 overdue sarcoma Case Comprehensive Cancer Center Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT04521335 May → Dec 2021 plasma cell myeloma University of Utah Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT02963051 Jul 2017 → Dec 2018 prostate cancer Daniel George, MD Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT02671890 Feb 2016 → May 2024 pancreatic adenocarcinoma, refractory malignant neoplasm Mayo Clinic Terminated No outcome recorded Stop: Business
Phase 1 NCT00742911 Jul 2008 → Mar 2013 cancer University of Utah Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00571116 Sep 2006 → Aug 2012 metastatic melanoma University of California, Irvine Terminated No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
Phase 1 NCT00094289 Aug 2004 → Jul 2005 alcohol-related disorders National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 1/28 trials · 1 met primary · 1 missed
Phase 1/2 NCT03891667 Jul 2019 → Nov 2021 — Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc. Completed Missed primary
Phase 1/2 NCT03198559 Aug 2017 → Apr 2019 HIV infectious disease University of Melbourne Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2 NCT02770378 Nov 2016 → Oct 2018 glioblastoma University of Ulm Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2 NCT02715609 Jun 2016 → May 2024 glioblastoma Washington University School of Medicine Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2 NCT01944371 Sep 2013 → May 2014 HIV infectious disease University of California, San Francisco Completed Met primary
Phase 1/2 NCT00731133 Aug 2008 → Sep 2010 methamphetamine dependence University of Arkansas Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2 NCT00729300 Apr 2006 → Jun 2016 cocaine dependence Baylor College of Medicine Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2 NCT00256230 Jan 2002 → Aug 2007 melanoma John P. Fruehauf Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 217 trials · 1 missed
Phase 2 NCT07843537 Mar 2027 → Mar 2030 expected thoracic cancer M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT01777919 Jan 2027 → Jan 2029 expected glioblastoma Olympion Medical Center Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT07534332 May 2026 → Apr 2027 expected obesity disorder, rheumatoid arthritis University of Oklahoma Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT07477457 Mar 2026 → Mar 2028 expected metastatic neoplasm, osteosarcoma Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT04485130 Aug 2021 → Feb 2022 COVID-19 University of California, San Francisco Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT04594343 Nov 2020 → Sep 2021 COVID-19 ETICA Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT04265274 Jan 2020 → Jan 2022 breast cancer National Cancer Institute, Slovakia Withdrawn No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT03950830 May 2019 → Sep 2021 germ cell tumor National Cancer Institute, Slovakia Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT03363659 Mar 2018 → Jan 2022 glioblastoma Wake Forest University Health Sciences Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT03323346 Sep 2017 → Oct 2025 breast cancer The Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Czech Republic Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/32 trials · 1 missed
Phase 2/3 NCT02678975 Jan 2017 → Jan 2021 glioblastoma Sahlgrenska University Hospital Completed Missed primary
Phase 2/3 NCT00312819 Mar 2006 → Dec 2009 non-small cell lung carcinoma Hadassah Medical Organization Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 45 trials
Phase 4 NCT02735577 Mar 2016 → Oct 2019 alcohol-related disorders New York State Psychiatric Institute Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT02134002 Jun 2014 → Apr 2016 cocaine dependence Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Withdrawn No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT00721526 Aug 2009 → Aug 2012 alcohol dependence, anxiety disorder University of New Mexico Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT00431262 Feb 2007 → Jun 2009 alcohol dependence Psykiatrisk Center Gentofte Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT00435435 Sep 2000 → Apr 2005 alcohol dependence Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare Completed No outcome recorded
Phase not applicable5 trials
— NCT05667415 Jun 2023 → Dec 2025 — First People's Hospital of Hangzhou Unknown No outcome recorded
— NCT01286259 Jan 2011 → May 2014 HIV infectious disease University of California, San Francisco Completed No outcome recorded
— NCT01118741 May 2010 → Jun 2012 prostate cancer Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Completed No outcome recorded
— NCT00580827 Sep 2003 → Mar 2004 opiate dependence Yale University Completed No outcome recorded
— NCT00002065 — HIV infectious disease St. Vincent's Medical Center Completed No outcome recorded
Comparator or background therapy8 trials
Phase 0 NCT06793488 Background Sep 2025 → Aug 2029 expected alcohol-related disorders Columbia University Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00878306 Comparator Nov 2008 → Apr 2013 HIV infectious disease, substance abuse University of California, San Francisco Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00350870 Comparator Apr 2005 → Dec 2010 cocaine abuse Yale University Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2 NCT05626920 Comparator May 2026 → Feb 2027 expected inherited retinal dystrophy University of Washington Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2 NCT04502589 Comparator Oct 2020 → Aug 2021 alcohol-related disorders Virginia Commonwealth University Completed No outcome recorded

Evidence & citations 13 cited values

Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 60 sources stand behind the page.

FieldValueCited text
Known as disulfiram “antabuse (disulfiram)” NCT00431262 ↗
55

NCT02735577 ↗

NCT02671890 ↗

NCT02678975 ↗

NCT00256230 ↗

NCT04485130 ↗

NCT00000278 ↗

NCT00878306 ↗

NCT03034135 ↗

NCT02770378 ↗

NCT05210374 ↗

Show 45 more sources

Known as Antabus “Patients will take one pill of disulfiram (Antabus) daily at a dose of 400 mg continually during the treatment phase” NCT03323346 ↗
Known as Antabuse “A recent article by Marikowsky and colleagues extended significantly our knowledge regarding the possible activity of disulfiram (well known in its commercial name Antabuse) as...” NCT00312819 ↗
3

“Disulfiram (Antabuse®) is a well-tolerated, cheap, generic drug that has been in use since the 1950s to treat alcoholism.” NCT02678975 ↗

“Although Disulfiram (Antabuse) is an approved drug to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism” NCT03950830 ↗

NCT00431262 ↗

Known as Disulfirame ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL964 ↗
Known as DSF “Disulfiram (DSF) has been used for more than sixty years in the treatment of chronic alcoholism because of the unpleasant symptoms it provokes after ethanol intake.” NCT01777919 ↗
6

“Antifibrotic activity of DSF was investigated in kidney epithelial cells stimulated by transforming growth factor-β1 (5 ng/ml) as well as in two animal models.” PMID 35285015 ↗ Mar 2022

“Disulfiram (DSF) is a well-tolerated, inexpensive, generic drug” PMID 30647912 ↗ Nov 2018

“Disulfiram (DSF)” NCT07534332 ↗

“Disulfiram (DSF)” NCT07719127 ↗

“Disulfiram (DSF)” NCT00256230 ↗

“Disulfiram (DSF)” NCT05210374 ↗

Known as Esperal ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL964 ↗
Known as NSC-25953 ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL964 ↗
Known as ORA102 ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT00745511 ↗
Action Inhibit “By blocking the enzyme dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH)” NCT00149630 ↗
1

“Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor” CHEMBL964 ↗

Modality Small molecule “the thiocarbamate molecule disulfiram” NCT00742911 ↗
Route Oral “oral disulfiram” NCT00094289 ↗
Target ALDH2 “Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor” CHEMBL964 ↗
Target DBH “By blocking the enzyme dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH)” NCT00149630 ↗