Drugs / conjugated estrogens
last change Aug 2026 re-read 2 minutes ago

conjugated estrogens

Other / unclassified

Developed for
osteoporosis · overactive bladder · postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis · breast cancer · myocardial ischemia · Alzheimer disease · coronary artery disorder · coronary atherosclerosis
+41 more · endometrial disorder · pelvic organ prolapse · major depressive disorder · obesity disorder · urinary tract infection · adhesions of uterus · anorexia nervosa · arthropathy · atherosclerosis · body integrity dysphoria · cognitive disorder · endometrial cancer · endometriosis · female infertility · glucose metabolism disease · heart disorder · hyperlipidemia · hypertensive disorder · intermediate coronary syndrome · menstrual disorder · metastatic prostate carcinoma · midline cystocele · mixed anxiety and depressive disorder · mood disorder · myocardial infarction · osteoarthritis, hand · prediabetes syndrome · primary ovarian failure · prostate adenocarcinoma · subjective cognitive decline · systemic lupus erythematosus · traumatic brain injury · Turner syndrome · amenorrhea · bacterial vaginosis · female stress incontinence · infective vaginitis · ischemic disease · physiological sexual disorder · prostate cancer · vaginal discharge
Investigated by
Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer · Pfizer · National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) · National Institute on Aging (NIA) · University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
+70 more · National Cancer Institute (NCI) · University of Washington · Carol Fabian, MD · Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group · Loyola University · Mackay Memorial Hospital · Massachusetts General Hospital · NYU Langone Health · National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) · National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) · Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium · University of Alabama at Birmingham · University of Kansas Medical Center · VA Office of Research and Development · Washington University School of Medicine · Alzheimer's Association · American Heart Association · American Urogynecologic Society · American Urogynecologic Society Foundation Astellas Research Award · Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris · Boston Children's Hospital · Breast Cancer Research Foundation · Eisai Inc. · Federal University of Minas Gerais · Foundation of Hope, North Carolina · GlaxoSmithKline · Gynecologic Oncology Group · Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre · Institute for Prostate Cancer Research (IPCR) · Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom · Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University · Kaiser Permanente · Kimberly-Clark Corporation · London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph's · Mayo Clinic · McMaster University · Medstar Health Research Institute · National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression · National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) · National Institute for Health Research, United Kingdom · National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) · National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) · National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) · National Institutes of Health (NIH) · Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) · Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit · Penn State University · Reproductive & Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya · Robert Wood Johnson Foundation · SWOG Cancer Research Network · Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins · St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton · The Cleveland Clinic · The John B. Pierce Laboratory · The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston · Tufts University · Tulane University Health Sciences Center · United States Department of Defense · University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center · University of California, Los Angeles · University of California, San Diego · University of California, San Francisco · University of Louisville · University of Missouri-Columbia · University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill · University of Oxford · University of Rochester · University of Southern California · Watson Pharmaceuticals · Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island

Regulatory milestones approvals, filings & regulatory actions · 4 recorded

MilestoneJurisdictionBrandIndicationDateSentence it was read from
Label expansions (3) US (FDA) PREMARIN 1998-09-08 – 2008-11-07 fda.gov
Approved US (FDA) PREMARIN 1942-05-08 fda.gov

Trials 84 · started per year

today
US approved 1942
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PhaseRegistry idDatesIndicationSponsorStatusOutcome
Phase 03 trials
Phase 0 NCT06520982 Sep 2024 → Jun 2027 expected sympathetic nervous system disorder University of Missouri-Columbia Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 0 NCT04821375 Dec 2021 → May 2024 Carol Fabian, MD Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 0 NCT04379024 Jun 2020 → Jul 2021 Carol Fabian, MD Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 114 trials
Phase 1 NCT04478305 Jul 2024 → Dec 2025 overdue mixed anxiety and depressive disorder St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT01634789 Aug → Nov 2012 Pfizer Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT01436513 Oct 2011 → Mar 2012 primary ovarian failure, vaginitis Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00745173 Sep → Oct 2008 Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00706225 Jun → Jul 2008 Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00630435 Feb → Jun 2008 Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00550303 Oct → Nov 2007 Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00479778 Apr → Jul 2007 Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00464789 Mar → May 2007 Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00465075 Mar → Apr 2007 Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 214 trials
Phase 2 NCT07466498 Aug 2026 → Jun 2029 expected metastatic prostate carcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma University of Washington Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT05073237 Apr 2024 obesity disorder, prediabetes syndrome VA Office of Research and Development Withdrawn No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT04821141 Dec 2021 → Jul 2026 overdue breast cancer University of Kansas Medical Center Active not recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT04103476 Apr 2021 → Oct 2026 expected atherosclerosis, subjective cognitive decline University of Southern California Active not recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT02838576 Mar 2017 → Dec 2019 arthropathy Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT02729701 May 2016 → Jan 2019 breast cancer University of Kansas Medical Center Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00973102 Jul 2009 → Jan 2012 University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00973674 Jul 2009 → Jan 2012 traumatic brain injury University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00604825 Jul 2007 → Jul 2008 GlaxoSmithKline Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00149604 Mar 2000 → Feb 2006 National Institute on Aging (NIA) Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/33 trials
Phase 2/3 NCT00310791 Apr 2004 → Oct 2009 anorexia nervosa Boston Children's Hospital Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT00083824 Mar 2004 → Feb 2007 coronary atherosclerosis Tufts University Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT00386022 Jan 2002 → Jan 2012 Massachusetts General Hospital Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 319 trials
Phase 3 NCT06351501 Jun 2024 → Jun 2029 expected body integrity dysphoria Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00808132 Jan 2009 → Feb 2011 osteoporosis Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00238732 Oct 2005 → Mar 2007 postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00234819 Oct 2005 → Feb 2007 Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00242710 Sep 2005 → Sep 2008 endometrial disorder, osteoporosis Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00137371 Aug 2005 → Sep 2007 postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00675688 Apr 2002 → Jan 2006 endometrial disorder, osteoporosis Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00026286 Nov 2000 → Aug 2002 breast cancer Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00002976 Jun 1997 → Jul 2006 endometrial cancer Gynecologic Oncology Group Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00000605 Aug 1996 → Jul 2002 coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 419 trials
Phase 4 NCT05059626 Dec 2023 → Dec 2025 overdue endometriosis Penn State University Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT06197295 Jun 2022 → Jun 2026 overdue overactive bladder Mackay Memorial Hospital Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT06479720 Jun 2022 → Jun 2026 overdue overactive bladder Mackay Memorial Hospital Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT03996603 Aug 2019 → Jan 2021 postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis University of Alabama at Birmingham Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT03740009 Jan 2019 → May 2021 major depressive disorder, menstrual disorder University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT02869165 Jan 2017 → Jun 2018 postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis, urinary tract infection University of Louisville Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT02431897 Dec 2016 → Nov 2021 midline cystocele, pelvic organ prolapse University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT02835846 Sep 2016 → Mar 2018 overactive bladder Loyola University Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT02860897 Jul 2016 → Apr 2017 University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center Withdrawn No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT02237079 Dec 2014 → Apr 2018 glucose metabolism disease, obesity disorder Tulane University Health Sciences Center Completed No outcome recorded
Phase not applicable12 trials
NCT04036929 May 2019 → Aug 2021 osteoarthritis, hand University of Oxford Completed No outcome recorded
NCT03578172 Jul 2018 → Oct 2019 adhesions of uterus, female infertility Reproductive & Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya Completed No outcome recorded
NCT02524769 Dec 2015 → Nov 2016 overactive bladder Loyola University Completed No outcome recorded
NCT01482416 Nov 2011 → Aug 2014 Federal University of Minas Gerais Completed No outcome recorded
NCT00249847 Oct 2005 → Jul 2007 Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins Terminated No outcome recorded
NCT00680797 Jan 2005 → Dec 2013 VA Office of Research and Development Completed No outcome recorded
NCT00565916 Aug 2004 → Jan 2008 Washington University School of Medicine Terminated No outcome recorded
NCT00079248 Mar 2002 → ? breast cancer, osteoporosis Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom Unknown No outcome recorded
NCT00061711 Jul 2000 → Dec 2005 National Institute on Aging (NIA) Completed No outcome recorded
NCT00004274 Feb 1990 → ? Turner syndrome National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Completed No outcome recorded
Also used as a comparator or background therapy in 24 trials
PhaseRegistry idDatesIndicationSponsorStatusOutcome
Phase 12 trials
Phase 1 NCT05118685 Comparator Nov 2021 → Aug 2023 postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis Fayoum University Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00543634 Comparator Oct → Dec 2007 Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1/21 trial
Phase 1/2 NCT03663543 Comparator Aug 2016 → Jan 2027 expected ischemic disease University of Pennsylvania Active not recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 24 trials
Phase 2 NCT00420342 Comparator Jan 2007 → Sep 2008 hypertensive disorder Bayer Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00134654 Comparator Mar 2003 → Jul 2005 prostate cancer Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00152295 Background Apr → Dec 2001 Abbott Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00152282 Comparator Sep 2000 → Aug 2001 amenorrhea Abbott Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 34 trials
Phase 3 NCT07030426 Comparator Oct 2025 → Sep 2027 expected pelvic organ prolapse Queen's University Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00803335 Comparator Dec 2008 → May 2011 pelvic organ prolapse, postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis TriHealth Inc. Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00827151 Comparator Dec 2008 → May 2011 amenorrhea, osteoporosis Massachusetts General Hospital Withdrawn No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT03097120 Comparator Jan 1995 → Jan 2001 heart disorder Wake Forest University Health Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 45 trials
Phase 4 NCT03943823 Comparator May 2019 → Mar 2021 bacterial vaginosis, vaginal discharge The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT03018106 Comparator Jun → Sep 2017 physiological sexual disorder Emory University Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT03120715 Background Jul 2016 → Jun 2017 infertility disorder Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT03032848 Comparator Nov 2013 → Dec 2016 endometrial disorder, pelvic organ prolapse, postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis Federal University of Paraná Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT00626340 Comparator Jul 1999 → Jul 2008 major depressive disorder University of Pennsylvania Completed No outcome recorded
Phase not applicable8 trials
NCT06144814 Comparator Apr → Sep 2023 postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis Koru Health Groups Completed No outcome recorded
NCT05302726 Comparator Jan → Dec 2022 adrenocortical insufficiency, hypogonadism Rigshospitalet, Denmark Unknown No outcome recorded
NCT05464654 Comparator Jun → Nov 2021 postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis Hospital Regional 1o de Octubre Completed No outcome recorded
NCT04301934 Comparator Jun 2020 → Apr 2023 urinary tract infection Mayo Clinic Completed No outcome recorded
NCT02691936 Comparator Mar 2016 → Dec 2018 postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis The Cleveland Clinic Completed No outcome recorded

Press releases naming this drug 1 release

DateIssuerRelease
2017-07-24 Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc. Teva Announces the Launch of Generic Vagifem® in the United States tevapharm.com

Evidence & citations 25 cited values

Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 111 sources stand behind the page.

FieldValueCited text
Known as conjugated estrogens “Hormone replacement therapy (estrogen/progestin). 0.3 mg conjugated estrogens x 3 months, followed by 9 months of oral contraceptive (20 mg ethinyl estradiol + 0.1 mg levonorgestrel)” NCT00310791
31

Conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene (CE/BZA) reduced menopause-related hot flashes (HFs) in the Selective estrogens, Menopause, And Response to Therapy (SMART) trials.” PMID 27676118 Sep 2016

“A Phase II Trial of Two Doses of Conjugated Estrogens (Premarin) in Patients With Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer” NCT00134654

“Duavee. One capsule daily for 6 months (+/- 1 month) of Duavee (Bazedoxifene 20 mg plus conjugated estrogens 0.45 mg)” NCT04379024

“Dose consisting of 1 pill of 0.45mg conjugated estrogens and 20mg bazedoxifene as bazedoxifene acetate.” NCT04478305

“conjugated equine estrogen cream (Premarin, 0.625mg conjugated estrogens)” NCT02213757

Conjugated estrogens 0.45 mg-bazedoxifene acetate 20 mg.” NCT04036929

Conjugated Estrogens CSD, 0.625 mg/g, Vaginal Cream” NCT07030426

“Premarin (conjugated estrogens or CE)” NCT00745173

NCT00149604

NCT02237079

NCT01023178

NCT05464654

NCT00464789

NCT00465075

NCT02431897

NCT03018106

NCT00079248

NCT00026286

NCT05118685

NCT03996603

NCT00401219

NCT00479778

NCT04821375

NCT01634789

NCT04821141

NCT00706225

NCT00808132

NCT00550303

NCT00002976

NCT00367536

NCT00004650

Known as CEE “Study participants were 256 women who completed the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis (ERA) trial, a placebo-controlled, randomized trial that examined the effects of...” PMID 19155011 Dec 2008
3

“conjugated equine estrogen (CEE), 0.625 milligrams per day” NCT00000466

“the use of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) or placebo” PMID 27427235 Jul 2016

“vaginal conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg” NCT06197295

Known as conjugated equine estrogen “Study participants were 256 women who completed the Estrogen Replacement and Atherosclerosis (ERA) trial, a placebo-controlled, randomized trial that examined the effects of...” PMID 19155011 Dec 2008
11

“A total of 360 postmenopausal women with a uterus who are within 6 years of menopause and 45-59 years of age and without clinical cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus...” NCT04103476

“1.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate/0.3 mg conjugated equine estrogen for 8 weeks (8 weeks plus 3 days for sodium sensitivity subjects)” NCT00420342

conjugated equine estrogen 0.625 mg +/- 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate” PMID 16186076 Oct 2005

“Solifenacin 5mg with vaginal conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg” NCT06197295

“Premarin, vaginal conjugated equine estrogen vaginal cream (0.625 mg).” NCT06479720

conjugated equine estrogen (CEE), 0.625 milligrams per day” NCT00000466

NCT03097120

NCT02869165

NCT00249847

NCT00169299

NCT02838576

Known as conjugated equine estrogens “the use of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) or placebo” PMID 27427235 Jul 2016
Known as Conjugated estrogen “Subjects with rest angina and no contraindications to hormone therapy were randomized to receive intravenous followed by oral conjugated estrogen for 21 days, intravenous...” NCT00000601
15

“This protocol is designed to study the effect and safety of 2 low-dose regimens of conjugated estrogen cream (PVC) given vaginally in postmenopausal women with atrophic vaginitis.” NCT00137371

“Subjects were randomized to conjugated estrogen with daily medroxyprogesterone or placebo within two weeks of bypass surgery.” NCT00000605

“Participants are provided a vaginal estrogen cream (i.e., Premarin Cream® 0.625 mg conjugated estrogen/gram)” NCT02835846

Conjugated estrogen cream 1g was applied intravaginally on Monday, Wednesday and Friday for three months.” NCT05464654

“Once daily tablet of Duavee (Bazedoxifene (20 mg) plus conjugated estrogen (0.45 mg))” NCT02729701

“30 days of bazedoxifene + conjugated estrogen (0.45mg/20mg/day)” NCT05059626

NCT03740009

NCT01958073

NCT00242710

NCT00238732

NCT03032848

NCT04301934

NCT02524769

NCT00803335

NCT03663543

Known as Conjugated Estrogens CSD, 0.625 mg/g, Vaginal Cream Conjugated Estrogens CSD, 0.625 mg/g, Vaginal CreamNCT07030426
Known as conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene (CE/BZA) ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT05073237
Known as ESTREVA “4 years of follow up (FU) with evaluation at T0 (14 years old +/- 6 months), T1 (16 years old +/-6 months) and T2 (18 years old+/- 6 months) with eather ANDROGEL® 16.2 mg/g,...” NCT06351501
Known as estrodiol “Group I received 25 µg vaginal estrodiol (Vagifem®).” NCT06144814
Known as Estrogen “17 β-estradiol hemihydrate 2 mg and estrogen gel 5 g daily” NCT03578172
21

NCT00000177

NCT00626340

NCT00276081

NCT05302726

NCT00565916

NCT00827151

NCT00005768

NCT00004274

NCT00001752

NCT00000482

NCT00000175

NCT01886794

NCT00000176

NCT00443716

NCT03120715

NCT00386022

NCT06520982

NCT00006399

NCT00680797

NCT00229450

NCT07466498

Known as Estrogens, Conjugated ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT02691936
3

NCT00000555

NCT00000466

NCT00000612

Known as Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT01482416
1

NCT00083824

Known as OCEE “The purpose of this study was to compare the differential effects of treatment with oral conjugated equine estrogen (OCEE), oral 17β estradiol (OBE), or transdermal 17β...” PMID 24982681 Jun 2014
Known as oestrogenes ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT06351501
Known as PREMARIN “The primary objective is to describe the bacterial communities associated in the vagina and urine of postmenopausal women receiving treatment for genitourinary syndrome of...” NCT02869165
26

“The placebo cream will be a pharmacologically inert formulation which will be packaged similarly to the active premarin cream and visually indistinguishable from the active...” NCT01123135

“Hormone replacement therapy consisted of estrogen plus a progestin (PremPro) for all gynecologically intact women, and unopposed estrogen (Premarin) for women with hysterectomies.” NCT00000555

“Either Premarin or Estrace cream will be used (dependent on patient's insurance). Premarin 1 gram every night for the first 7 days, then 0.5 grams twice weekly.” NCT03943823

“Arm I: Patients receive oral conjugated estrogens (Premarin) daily for 3 years.” NCT00002976

“conjugated equine estrogen cream (Premarin, 0.625mg conjugated estrogens)” NCT02213757

Premarin, vaginal conjugated equine estrogen vaginal cream (0.625 mg).” NCT06479720

PREMARIN® (conjugated estrogens \[CE\]) is approved by FDA” NCT00706225

NCT00604825

NCT01843166

NCT00167921

NCT01613170

NCT00224094

NCT00152295

NCT00152282

NCT00973674

NCT01436513

NCT00973102

NCT00319566

NCT01778985

NCT00134654

NCT00745173

NCT02860897

NCT00543634

NCT00000419

NCT00318318

NCT00630435

Known as Premarin (conjugated estrogens) Premarin (conjugated estrogens)NCT00310791
Known as Premarin cream “We analyzed data from postmenopausal participants in 2 trials (NCT02524769 and NCT02835846) who chose vaginal estrogen as the primary overactive bladder treatment and used 0.5...” PMID 32791124 Aug 2020
Known as PROVAMES “4 years of follow up (FU) with evaluation at T0 (14 years old +/- 6 months), T1 (16 years old +/-6 months) and T2 (18 years old+/- 6 months) with eather ANDROGEL® 16.2 mg/g,...” NCT06351501
Known as PVC “This protocol is designed to study the effect and safety of 2 low-dose regimens of conjugated estrogen cream (PVC) given vaginally in postmenopausal women with atrophic vaginitis.” NCT00137371
Known as Vagifem “Group I received 25 µg vaginal estrodiol (Vagifem®).” NCT06144814
Known as œstrogenes “Cross sex hormones ( œstrogenes or testosterone) started at 16 years old +/- 6 months” NCT06351501
Action Activate “The enzyme that forms the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is promoted in the presence of estrogen.” NCT00000177
Modality Other / unclassified “Conjugated estrogens are a mixture of several different estrogen salts derived from natural sources” NCT03018106
Route Intravenous “receive intravenous followed by oral conjugated estrogen” NCT00000601
Route Oral “receive intravenous followed by oral conjugated estrogen” NCT00000601