regular insulin

also known as insulin human · Actrapid · HumulinR · Afrezza · Exubera · Humulin · Regular Human Insulin · human insulin · +18 more

Protein / enzyme biologic

Developed for: type 1 diabetes mellitus · type 2 diabetes mellitus · diabetes mellitus · hyperglycemia · acute coronary syndrome · cognitive impairment with or without cerebellar ataxia · delirium · Alzheimer disease
+20 more
· atypical depressive disorder · bipolar disorder · cirrhosis of liver · critical illness polyneuropathy · dry eye syndrome · gestational diabetes · infectious disease with sepsis · intermediate coronary syndrome · major depressive disorder · myocardial infarction · Parkinson disease · skin atrophy · spinal cord injury · stroke disorder · subjective cognitive decline · ulcer of lower limbs · corneal disorder · diabetic ketoacidosis · ischemic stroke · peripheral vascular disease
Investigated by: Mannkind Corporation · Pfizer · HealthPartners Institute · Columbia University · National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) · Novo Nordisk A/S
+64 more
· Albert Einstein College of Medicine · Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs · Halozyme Therapeutics · Jaeb Center for Health Research · Karolinska Institutet · Sanofi · Stanford University · Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences · Aarhus University Hospital · Arecor Limited · Assiut University · B. Braun Melsungen AG · Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance · DexCom, Inc. · Diabetes and Glandular Disease Clinic · Emory University · Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) · Fundación Pública Andaluza Progreso y Salud · German Federal Ministry of Education and Research · Greet Van den Berghe · HemoCue · Hiroaki Sato, MD., PhD. · Innovative Diabetes Treatment Studies LLC. · International Diabetes Center at Park Nicollet · James A. Haley Veterans Administration Hospital · Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre · Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation · Khyber Teaching Hospital · Maya Guglin · McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre · Medical University of Graz · Medtronic · Model Clinical Research LLC · National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) · National Institute on Aging (NIA) · Nordsjaellands Hospital · Odense University Hospital · Profil Institute for Metabolic Research GmbH · Regionshospitalet Silkeborg · Riverside University Health System Medical Center · Sam Chun Dang Pharm. Co. Ltd. · Sciema UG · SepNet - Critical Care Trials Group · St George's, University of London · Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen · Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre · Tufts Medical Center · Universidade Positivo · University Health Network, Toronto · University of Aarhus · University of Alabama at Birmingham · University of California, Berkeley · University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli · University of Copenhagen · University of Jena · University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill · University of Pittsburgh · University of Roma La Sapienza · University of South Florida · University of Washington · Wake Forest University Health Sciences · WakeMed Health and Hospitals · Xeris Pharmaceuticals · Yonsei University

Regulatory milestones approvals, filings & regulatory actions · 8 recorded

Milestone	Jurisdiction	Brand	Indication	Date	Sentence it was read from
Label expansions (3)	US (FDA)	AFREZZA	—	2017-09-29 – 2026-05-29	fda.gov ↗
Refused (EMA)	EU (EMA)	Solumarv	—	2016-02-11	europa.eu ↗
Label expansions (2)	US (FDA)	HUMULIN R PEN	—	1994-03-31 – 2011-03-25	fda.gov ↗
Approved	EU (EMA)	Insuman	—	1997-02-21	europa.eu ↗
Approved	US (FDA)	HUMULIN R PEN	—	1982-10-28	fda.gov ↗

Trials 63 · started per year

today

US approved 1982

EU approved 1997

198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026202720282029

Phase	Registry id	Dates	Indication	Sponsor	Status	Outcome
Phase 111 trials · 1 met primary
Phase 1	NCT06558422	Jan 2027 → Dec 2028 expected	hyperinsulinism, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, obesity disorder, prediabetes syndrome	Columbia University	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT07634770	May → Oct 2026 expected	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Sam Chun Dang Pharm. Co. Ltd.	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT07384052	Feb → Aug 2026 overdue	spinal cord injury	HealthPartners Institute	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT07090824	Oct 2025 → May 2026	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Stanford University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT06434038	Aug 2025 → Feb 2026	—	HealthPartners Institute	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT06126354	Jul 2024 → Nov 2025	NAFLD1, prediabetes syndrome	Columbia University	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT05724134	Aug 2023 → Sep 2025	NAFLD1, hyperinsulinism, obesity disorder, prediabetes syndrome	Columbia University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT05866367	Aug 2023 → Jun 2024	—	HealthPartners Institute	Terminated	No outcome recorded Stop: Business
Phase 1	NCT05754424	Feb 2023 → Jan 2024	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Arecor Limited	Completed	Met primary
Phase 1	NCT01269606	Jan → Mar 2011	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Novo Nordisk A/S	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00803972	Nov 2008 → Aug 2009	—	Halozyme Therapeutics	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 1/21 trial
Phase 1/2	NCT03915613	Oct 2021 → Oct 2024	atypical depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder	University Health Network, Toronto	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 213 trials · 4 met primary
Phase 2	NCT06002854	Aug → Dec 2022	skin atrophy	Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT04542148	Feb 2022 → Nov 2025 overdue	gestational diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus	University of Alabama at Birmingham	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT04199767	Jul → Nov 2020	cognitive disorder, cognitive impairment with or without cerebellar ataxia	Wake Forest University Health Sciences	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT04251585	Feb 2020 → Aug 2024	Parkinson disease	HealthPartners Institute	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT04028960	Oct 2019 → Apr 2020	type 1 diabetes mellitus	HealthPartners Institute	Terminated	No outcome recorded Stop: Business
Phase 2	NCT04074317	Aug 2019 → Apr 2020	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Xeris Pharmaceuticals	Completed	Met primary
Phase 2	NCT02527265	Sep 2017 → Mar 2020	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Mannkind Corporation	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02028078	Jan 2014 → Mar 2016	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Medical University of Graz	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00774800	Oct 2008 → Mar 2009	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Halozyme Therapeutics	Completed	Met primary
Phase 2	NCT00835861	Aug 2008 → Feb 2010	pregnancy disorder, type 2 diabetes mellitus	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00764556	May 2008 → May 2009	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hyperglycemia	St George's, University of London	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00438568	Jun 2006 → Dec 2011	Alzheimer disease, cognitive impairment with or without cerebellar ataxia	University of Washington	Completed	Met primary
Phase 2	NCT00214916	Oct 2004 → Feb 2008	critical illness polyneuropathy	Greet Van den Berghe	Unknown	Met primary

Phase 311 trials · 2 met primary · 3 missed
Phase 3	NCT04974528	Sep 2021 → Oct 2024	type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus	Mannkind Corporation	Completed	Met primary
Phase 3	NCT03324776	Oct 2017 → Jun 2020	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Model Clinical Research LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00479258	Oct 2007	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Pfizer	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00091507	Nov 2006 → Aug 2011	congestive heart failure, intermediate coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction	Tufts Medical Center	Completed	Missed primary
Phase 3	NCT00348374	Jun 2006 → Aug 2008	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Pfizer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00440284	Jan → Dec 2004	type 2 diabetes mellitus	University of Jena	Unknown	Met primary
Phase 3	NCT00135473	Apr 2003 → Sep 2005	infectious disease with sepsis	SepNet - Critical Care Trials Group	Completed	Missed primary
Phase 3	NCT00139659	Jan 2003 → Oct 2008	asthma, diabetes mellitus	Pfizer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00150410	Jan 2003 → Jun 2007	diabetes mellitus	Pfizer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00071448	Jun 2002 → Jun 2004	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Novo Nordisk A/S	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00137046	May 2002 → Dec 2008	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Pfizer	Terminated	Missed primary

Phase 416 trials · 3 met primary
Phase 4	NCT06939959	Apr 2025 → Jan 2026 overdue	dry eye syndrome	Khyber Teaching Hospital	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05904743	Jul 2023 → Mar 2024	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Mannkind Corporation	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05243628	Mar → Oct 2022	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Mannkind Corporation	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04849845	Apr → May 2021	type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus	Mannkind Corporation	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04030091	Sep 2019 → Oct 2020	type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus	Sciema UG	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04125082	Feb 2019 → Mar 2020	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Diabetes and Glandular Disease Clinic	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02706119	Jul 2016 → Mar 2018	diabetes mellitus	Fundación Pública Andaluza Progreso y Salud	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02189395	Apr 2013 → Apr 2017	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Riverside University Health System Medical Center	Terminated	No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
Phase 4	NCT02165566	Mar 2013 → Mar 2014	hyperglycemia	University of Roma La Sapienza	Completed	Met primary
Phase 4	NCT01151176	Aug 2012 → Aug 2013	acute coronary syndrome	Universidade Positivo	Suspended	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01630369	Feb 2012 → May 2013	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Sanofi	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01384656	Feb 2011 → Feb 2012	acute coronary syndrome	Yonsei University	Completed	Met primary
Phase 4	NCT00418522	Mar 2007 → Aug 2008	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Pfizer	Completed	Met primary
Phase 4	NCT00315952	Apr → Dec 2006	type 1 diabetes mellitus	University of Pittsburgh	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00145353	Nov 2004 → Jun 2006	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Odense University Hospital	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00513201	—	cirrhosis of liver, diabetes mellitus	University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase not applicable11 trials · 1 missed
—	NCT03324867	Apr 2022 → Apr 2023	delirium, heart disorder, subjective cognitive decline	McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT03415061	Nov 2021 → Nov 2023	delirium, heart disorder	Hiroaki Sato, MD., PhD.	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05095259	Dec 2019 → Dec 2023	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Nordsjaellands Hospital	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02694289	Nov 2016 → Sep 2018	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Maya Guglin	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
—	NCT04726631	Jan 2015 → Sep 2019	diabetes mellitus	Assiut University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01307306	Mar 2011 → Mar 2018	—	Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01831154	May 2010 → Jul 2011	diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia	James A. Haley Veterans Administration Hospital	Completed	Mixed
—	NCT00654056	Mar 2008 → Oct 2009	type 2 diabetes mellitus	University of Aarhus	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00240149	Oct 2005 → Mar 2006	hyperglycemia	Stanford University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01957930	Jan 1984 → Dec 2011	ulcer of lower limbs	Karolinska Institutet	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02138006	Sep 1982 → Dec 2011	coronary artery disorder, kidney failure, stroke disorder	Karolinska Institutet	Completed	Missed primary

Comparator or background therapy52 trials
Phase 1	NCT07364669 Comparator	Oct 2024 → Feb 2025	—	Laboratorios PiSA	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT04022317 Comparator	Jun → Sep 2019	—	Biocon Limited	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03916640 Comparator	Jan → Mar 2019	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Adocia	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02500979 Background	Aug 2015 → Aug 2016	type 1 diabetes mellitus	AstraZeneca	Completed	Met primary
Phase 1	NCT01581736 Background	Apr 2012 → Apr 2016	obesity disorder, type 2 diabetes mellitus	Mayo Clinic	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00752180 Comparator	Aug 2008 → Mar 2009	diabetes mellitus	Wockhardt	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00719108 Comparator	Jul → Sep 2008	diabetes mellitus	Wockhardt	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01031888 Comparator	Mar 2008 → Dec 2009	corneal disorder	National Taiwan University Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00705536 Comparator	Dec 2007 → Feb 2008	diabetes mellitus	Halozyme Therapeutics	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01511159 Comparator	Oct → Dec 2001	diabetes mellitus	Novo Nordisk A/S	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01516138 Comparator	Feb 2012 → Mar 2013	—	Xijing Hospital	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00916357 Comparator	Jul → Nov 2009	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Halozyme Therapeutics	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00553488 Comparator	Sep → Dec 2007	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Becton, Dickinson and Company	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00511719 Comparator	Feb → Apr 2004	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Mannkind Corporation	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02607943 Comparator	Dec 2015 → Jul 2018	hyperglycemia, stroke disorder	National Taiwan University Hospital	Unknown	Missed primary
Phase 3	NCT01850615 Background	Sep 2013 → Nov 2014	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Novo Nordisk A/S	Completed	Met primary
Phase 3	NCT01353469 Comparator	May 2011 → Nov 2012	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Sanofi	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00174668 Comparator	Nov 2004 → Nov 2007	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Sanofi	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05768191 Comparator	Jun 2023 → Apr 2024	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Nazi Boni University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04783376 Comparator	Apr → Nov 2021	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Sohag University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04834362 Comparator	Apr → Jun 2021	hyperglycemia, stroke disorder	National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka	Completed	Missed primary
Phase 4	NCT06855615 Comparator	Oct 2020 → Jan 2021	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Hospital Sultanah Aminah Johor Bahru	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05709938 Background	Nov 2019 → Jan 2021	—	King Edward Medical University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03313960 Comparator	Oct 2017 → Sep 2018	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Informed Data Systems, Inc.	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02758522 Comparator	Oct 2013 → Oct 2015	diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia	Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01971047 Comparator	Oct 2013 → Sep 2018	type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus	Emory University	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02216799 Comparator	Mar 2013 → Aug 2015	—	King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01143948 Comparator	Jan → Apr 2011	cirrhosis of liver, type 2 diabetes mellitus	Cairo University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01122979 Comparator	Jul 2010 → Oct 2013	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Sanofi	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00979628 Comparator	Jan 2010 → Mar 2012	hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus	Guillermo Umpierrez, MD	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02278913 Comparator	Apr 2009 → Apr 2010	diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia	Universidad Nacional de Asunción	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01150617 Comparator	Dec 2008 → Nov 2010	peripheral vascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus	IRCCS San Raffaele	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00596687 Comparator	Dec 2007 → Dec 2009	hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus	Emory University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00590044 Comparator	Dec 2007 → Jun 2008	diabetic ketoacidosis	Emory University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00747279 Comparator	Jun 2007 → ?	ischemic stroke	Hospital Sao Domingos	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00841919 Comparator	Dec 2006 → Mar 2009	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Cook County Health	Completed	Met primary
Phase 4	NCT00590226 Comparator	Dec 2006 → Jan 2008	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Emory University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00394407 Comparator	Sep 2005 → Jun 2006	hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus	Emory University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00177398 Background	Feb 2005 → Aug 2006	hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus	University of Pittsburgh	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07451561 Comparator	Mar 2026 → Mar 2027 expected	—	Sohag University	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02933645 Comparator	Apr → Dec 2016	—	Turku University Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02006342 Background	Nov 2012 → Apr 2013	diabetic ketoacidosis	The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01424046 Comparator	May 2011 → Jun 2014	type 1 diabetes mellitus	University of Pittsburgh	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01804413 Comparator	Mar 2011 → Nov 2013	pituitary deficiency	Oregon Health and Science University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01855243 Comparator	Mar 2010 → Feb 2014	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Cairo University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00858273 Comparator	Mar 2008 → Mar 2011	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Nemours Children's Clinic	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00653510 Background	Mar 2008 → Nov 2010	type 2 diabetes mellitus	University of Aarhus	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00858897 Background	Jun 2007 → Feb 2008	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Nemours Children's Clinic	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00582036 Comparator	Feb 2007 → May 2009	hyperglycemia	University of Oklahoma	Terminated	No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
—	NCT00506194 Background	Oct 2005 → Aug 2007	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00574405 Comparator	Apr 2005 → Mar 2010	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00920725 Comparator	Jan 2005 → Jul 2007	diabetic ketoacidosis	Rush University Medical Center	Completed	No outcome recorded

Press releases naming this drug 236 releases

Date	Issuer	Release
2026-07-30	Arecor Limited	Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism article – A New Highly Concentrated Insulin Aspart AT278 (500 U/mL) Demonstrates Ultra-Rapid Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties in Type 2 Diabetes Regardless of BMI arecor.com ↗
2026-06-23	Mannkind Corporation	MannKind Awarded Breakthrough T1D Grant to Support Advancement of INHALE-1ST Pediatric Trial of Afrezza® in Youth with Newly-Diagnosed T1D mannkindcorp.com ↗
2026-06-06	DexCom, Inc.	Dexcom CONNECT Study: The Most Significant Clinical Study Demonstrating CGM Benefits for People with Type 2 Diabetes Not Using Insulin dexcom.com ↗
2026-06-05	Mannkind Corporation	Data at ADA 2026 Highlights Key Findings from Clinical and Real‑World Studies of MannKind’s Afrezza® (Inhaled Insulin) Across Pediatric Care, Pregnancy, and Use with Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) Systems mannkindcorp.com ↗
2026-05-29	Mannkind Corporation	MannKind to Host Conference Call Today to Discuss Afrezza Pediatric Approval mannkindcorp.com ↗
2026-05-29	Mannkind Corporation	MannKind Announces FDA Approval of Afrezza®, the First and Only Inhaled Mealtime Insulin for Use in Children and Adolescents Aged 6 and Older Living with Diabetes mannkindcorp.com ↗
2026-05-27	Mannkind Corporation	MannKind to Showcase New Data at ADA 2026 Advancing Understanding of Inhaled Insulin (Afrezza®) in Pediatric Care, Pregnancy and Use with Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) Systems mannkindcorp.com ↗
2026-03-26	Novo Nordisk A/S	Novo Nordisk A/S: Awiqli® approved in the US, the first and only once-weekly basal insulin treatment for adults with type 2 diabetes novonordisk.com ↗
2026-03-09	Mannkind Corporation	MannKind to Present New Data From Pediatric and Adult Studies of Afrezza® at ATTD 2026 mannkindcorp.com ↗
2026-02-09	Mannkind Corporation	MannKind Announces First Patient Enrolled in INHALE-1ST Pediatric Study Evaluating Afrezza® for Youth with Newly-Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) mannkindcorp.com ↗
2026-01-26	Mannkind Corporation	MannKind Announces FDA Approval of Updated Afrezza® Label Providing Starting Dose Guidance when Switching from Multiple Daily Injections (MDI) or Insulin Pump Mealtime Therapy mannkindcorp.com ↗
2025-11-19	DexCom, Inc.	Dexcom Smart Basal Receives FDA Clearance Becoming the First and Only CGM-integrated Basal Insulin Dosing Optimizer for Type 2 Diabetes dexcom.com ↗
Show all 236 releases opens the full record — a long page

Evidence & citations 29 cited values

Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 119 sources stand behind the page.

Field	Value	Cited text
Known as	Regular insulin	“bolus of 1-3 IU/kg regular insulin together with 0.5-1 gm/kg dextrose followed by an intravenous infusion of 0.2 to 1 IU/kg/hr of regular insulin and a dextrose infusion will...” NCT07451561 ↗ 56 “Continuous intravenous regular insulin infusion will be adjusted to maintain glycemic levels at least below 150 mg/dl, and, in stable patients and ideally, between 80 and 120 mg/dl.” NCT00747279 ↗ “Commercially available U-500 Humulin (regular insulin) diluted 1:4 with dilution buffer composed of sterile water, EDTA and mannitol to achieve U-100 concentration.” NCT07090824 ↗ “three administrations of regular insulin or short acting insulin analogues before meals combined with long-acting insulin analogue glargine in the evening.” NCT01150617 ↗ “Participants will be assigned to receive regular insulin either 20 or 40 IU administered through an intranasal nebulizer-like device.” NCT04199767 ↗ “glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) consists of 20% glucose (200 g/L), 66.7 U/L regular insulin and 80 mmol/L potassium chloride (KCl).” NCT01516138 ↗ “CIT consisted of twice daily injections of premixed insulin (30% regular insulin, 70% NPH-insulin) before breakfast and dinner.” NCT00440284 ↗ “Regular insulin (Novolin-R) 20 international units (10 units) in one nostril twice daily for 21 days, 100 µl volume.” NCT04251585 ↗ “Participants will continue with current mixed insulin treatment using NPH , or lente, and regular insulin .” NCT01424046 ↗ “Human insulin: NPH and regular insulin: 2/3 of total daily dose as NPH and 1/3 as regular insulin.” NCT02278913 ↗ “Regular insulin subcutaneously wil be given in three equally divided doses before each meal.” NCT02758522 ↗ Show 46 more sources
Known as	Actrapid	“Basal (Monotard) insulin; ones a day Bolus (Actrapid) insulin; thrice a day” NCT01957930 ↗ 14 “Actrapid: subcutaneous insulin/ Placebo A high dose (oral)” NCT07634770 ↗ “Insulatard, Actrapid, Lantus, monotard” NCT00506194 ↗ “Intravenous insulin (actrapid)” NCT00764556 ↗ “Mealtime insulin (Actrapid)” NCT02138006 ↗ NCT00145353 ↗ NCT00135473 ↗ NCT00752180 ↗ NCT00653510 ↗ NCT00654056 ↗ NCT02933645 ↗ Show 4 more sources
Known as	Afrezza	“Afrezza (insulin human) Inhalation Powder” NCT05243628 ↗ 7 NCT05904743 ↗ NCT04849845 ↗ NCT02527265 ↗ NCT04974528 ↗ NCT04125082 ↗ NCT03313960 ↗ NCT03324776 ↗
Known as	Exubera	“Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera) Compared With Subcutaneous Human Insulin” NCT00139659 ↗ 6 “Exubera® (Insulin Dry Powder Pulmonary Inhaler)” NCT00150410 ↗ “The drug is called EXUBERA (inhaled insulin).” NCT00137046 ↗ NCT00315952 ↗ NCT00479258 ↗ NCT00418522 ↗ NCT00348374 ↗
Known as	fast-acting insulin human	“At the first treatment visit, a single dose of fast-acting insulin human at 0.2 IU/kg via IM (in the muscle) injection is administered.” NCT01269606 ↗
Known as	Hlin	“The aim of this multicenter, prospective, randomized, crossover trial is to compare, in critical care patients receiving insulin infusion therapy (IIT), the pharmacodynamic of...” PMID 25466315 ↗ Oct 2014
Known as	HR1799	“Insulin human/Insuman Comb 25 (HR1799)” NCT01353469 ↗ 1 “insulin human (HR1799)” NCT01630369 ↗
Known as	human insulin	“a total of 16 sprays or 160 IU of fast-acting human insulin (Actrapid, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark).” NCT02933645 ↗ 2 “Actrapid (human insulin)” NCT00653510 ↗ “Actrapid (human insulin)” NCT00654056 ↗
Known as	Humulin	“Commercially available U-500 Humulin (regular insulin) diluted 1:4 with dilution buffer composed of sterile water, EDTA and mannitol to achieve U-100 concentration.” NCT07090824 ↗ 5 “eg. Humulin, Lantus, Novalin” NCT02694289 ↗ “Regular Insulin (Humulin®)” NCT04074317 ↗ “Regular insulin (Humulin)” NCT00553488 ↗ NCT01581736 ↗ NCT03916640 ↗
Known as	HumulinR	“Humulin® R is a polypeptide hormone structurally identical to human insulin synthesised through recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) technology in a non-pathogenic...” NCT04022317 ↗ 13 “Types of insulin: insulin lispro (Humalog 100 IU/mL) as fast-acting insulin and regular insulin (Humulin R) as regular insulin (Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA).” NCT04783376 ↗ “Intranasal insulin will be made prepared from Humulin® R [insulin injection, human biosynthetic (rDNA Origin) REGULAR; 10 mL/vial, manufactured by Eli Lilly].” NCT03915613 ↗ “Regular insulin (Humulin-R), intranasal route” NCT04028960 ↗ “Humulin® R (regular insulin human)” NCT04022317 ↗ NCT00705536 ↗ NCT01307306 ↗ NCT05768191 ↗ NCT00916357 ↗ NCT04030091 ↗ NCT00774800 ↗ Show 3 more sources
Known as	Inhaled Human Insulin	“Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Human Insulin (Exubera) Compared With Subcutaneous Human Insulin” NCT00139659 ↗
Known as	Inhaled Insulin	“Inhaled Insulin (Exubera)” NCT00418522 ↗
Known as	Insulin	“Actrapid® (Insulin)” NCT00135473 ↗
Known as	insulin human	“Subjects will receive FIAsp combined with their pre-trial basal insulin (insulin human, insulin detemir or insulin glargine) treatment in combination with their pre-trial metformin.” NCT01850615 ↗ 15 “At the first treatment visit, a single dose of fast-acting insulin human at 0.2 IU/kg via IM (in the muscle) injection is administered.” NCT01269606 ↗ “The test product is defined as Afrezza [insulin human] inhalation powder administered using the Afrezza inhaler.” NCT04849845 ↗ NCT00071448 ↗ NCT06002854 ↗ NCT06126354 ↗ NCT05095259 ↗ NCT02028078 ↗ NCT01630369 ↗ NCT06558422 ↗ NCT01353469 ↗ Show 5 more sources
Known as	insulin injection, human biosynthetic (rDNA Origin) REGULAR	“Intranasal insulin will be made prepared from Humulin® R [insulin injection, human biosynthetic (rDNA Origin) REGULAR; 10 mL/vial, manufactured by Eli Lilly].” NCT03915613 ↗
Known as	Insuman Comb 25	“Insulin human/Insuman Comb 25 (HR1799)” NCT01353469 ↗
Known as	Novolin 30R	“Insulin human/Novolin® 30R” NCT01353469 ↗
Known as	Novolin-R	“Regular insulin (Novolin-R) 20 international units (10 units) in one nostril twice daily for 21 days, 100 µl volume.” NCT04251585 ↗ 1 “Regular Human Insulin (Novolin® R)” NCT00071448 ↗
Known as	Recombinant Human Insulin	“Actrapid, Regular insulin for injection (Recombinant Human Insulin) (100 IU/mL)in vials 10.0 ml” NCT00719108 ↗
Known as	Regular Human Insulin	“regular human insulin was administered with pramlintide or placebo using separate infusion pumps in a fixed ratio (9 μg/unit).” PMID 30213882 ↗ Sep 2018 3 “10 persons to insulin human isophane suspension (Humulin N) twice daily plus regular human insulin (Humulin R) before meals.” NCT05768191 ↗ “Humulin® R U-500 (U500/mL), a highly concentrated regular human insulin, will be used as an open-label comparator.” NCT05754424 ↗ “Regular Human Insulin (Novolin® R)” NCT00071448 ↗
Known as	Regular insulin ( Actrapid, 100 unit/mL0 Solution for injection, Insulin Human (rDNA), Novo Nordisk	“Regular insulin ( Actrapid, 100 unit/mL0 Solution for injection, Insulin Human (rDNA), Novo Nordisk” NCT02216799 ↗
Known as	regular insulin human	“Humulin® R (regular insulin human)” NCT04022317 ↗ 1 NCT03415061 ↗
Known as	Regular Novolin R	“Regular Novolin R” NCT04251585 ↗
Known as	RHI	“regular human insulin (RHI)” PMID 21355716 ↗ Feb 2011
Known as	sliding-scale regular insulin	“receive sliding-scale regular insulin (SSRI) alone” PMID 19336639 ↗ Apr 2009
Known as	SSR insulin	“supplemental doses of sliding scale human regular (SSR) insulin” NCT00177398 ↗
Known as	SSRI	“receive sliding-scale regular insulin (SSRI) alone” PMID 19336639 ↗ Apr 2009
Modality	Protein / enzyme biologic	“Inhaled Human Insulin” NCT00139659 ↗
Route	Intravenous	“Intravenous solution” NCT00091507 ↗