Betamethasone

also known as Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate · Celestone · Celestone Soluspan · Betamethason Sodium Phosphate · Celestone Chronodose · Diprospan · Bentelan · Betafos · +18 more

Other / unclassified

Developed for: psoriasis · respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants · newborn respiratory distress syndrome · osteoarthritis, knee · osteoarthritis · atopic eczema · chronic pain syndrome · dry eye syndrome
+65 more
· intracerebral hemorrhage · persistent tachypnoe of infancy, usual · preterm premature rupture of the membranes · shoulder impingement syndrome · acute respiratory distress syndrome · adenoviridae infectious disease · allergic rhinitis · arthropathy · bronchopulmonary dysplasia · bursitis · carpal tunnel syndrome · disease of the tendon · familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis · generalized vitiligo · gout · granulomatous mastitis · hypoparathyroidism · impacted teeth, multiple · migraine disorder · myofascial pain syndrome · orbital pseudotumor · periapical periodontitis · periarthritis · peripheral nerve lesion · pharyngitis · phimosis · pregnancy disorder · radiculopathy · rhinitis · sciatica · spinal stenosis · synovitis · tendinitis · voice disorders · alopecia areata · anaphylaxis · Behcet disease · bone cancer · congenital pulmonary airway malformation · de Quervain disease · dermatitis · epicondylitis · food allergy · frozen shoulder · headache disorder · hypersensitivity reaction disease · hypospadias · interstitial lung disease · keloid · keloid formation · lichen planus, oral · lumbar disk disease · musculoskeletal system disorder · open-angle glaucoma · osteoarthritis, hand · plantar fasciitis · pneumonia · polymyalgia rheumatica · primary adrenal insufficiency · rotator cuff syndrome · temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome · tendinosis · vertebral column disorder · vestibular disorder · vestibular neuronitis
Investigated by: LEO Pharma · Laboratorios Silanes S.A. de C.V. · PHARMAFINA · Stanford University · Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey · Surface Ophthalmics, Inc.
+77 more
· Tehran University of Medical Sciences · A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza · Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital · Ain Shams University · American University of Beirut Medical Center · Assiut University · Basque Health Service · Beijing Tiantan Hospital · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice · Chang Gung Memorial Hospital · Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust · Dallas VA Medical Center · DePuy Mitek · Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bonn, Germany · Edward Kasaraskis · Emory University · Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) · First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University · Hadassah Medical Organization · Harvard Pilgrim Health Care · Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates · Henry Ford Hospital · Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires · Hôpital Privé de Parly II - Le Chesnay · Instituto Materno Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira · Iran University of Medical Sciences · Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj · Istanbul Medipol University Hospital · Jakob Møller Hansen, MD. · Jordan University of Science and Technology · Kaiser Permanente · Kasr El Aini Hospital · Khang Nguyen · Lipidor AB · Loma Linda University · London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph's · Mansoura University · Mashhad University of Medical Sciences · Massachusetts General Hospital · Mayo Clinic · Meir Medical Center · Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC · MonitorCRO · National Taiwan University Hospital · Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg, Germany · Oregon Health and Science University · Pediatrix · Peking Union Medical College Hospital · Pfizer · Rawalpindi Medical College · Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan · Sanford Health · Seoul National University Bundang Hospital · Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences · Sheba Medical Center · Shehab Ahmed Hamad · St George & Sutherland Medical Research Foundation · St George Hospital, Australia · Stephane Genevay · Stony Brook University · Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc. · Thammasat University · The Cooper Health System · The George Washington University Biostatistics Center · The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston · University Hospital, Geneva · University Hospital, Strasbourg, France · University Hospital, Toulouse · University of California, San Francisco · University of Colorado, Denver · University of Kiel · University of Kyrenia · University of Oklahoma · University of Oulu · all 83 on the full record

Regulatory milestones approvals, filings & regulatory actions · 1 recorded

Milestone	Jurisdiction	Brand	Indication	Date	Sentence it was read from
Approved	US (FDA)	CELESTONE	—	1961-04-17	fda.gov ↗

Trials 73 · started per year

today

US approved 1961

1960196119621963196419651966196719681969197019711972197319741975197619771978197919801981198219831984198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120222023202420252026202720282029

Phase	Registry id	Dates	Indication	Sponsor	Status	Outcome
Phase 03 trials
Phase 0	NCT06854380	Jan → Jul 2026 overdue	voice disorders	Mansoura University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT03445611	Sep → Oct 2019	osteoarthritis, knee	Loma Linda University	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT03707795	Aug 2017 → Jan 2019	familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	Edward Kasaraskis	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 16 trials
Phase 1	NCT06781632	Nov 2024 → Feb 2025	—	PHARMAFINA	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT07454369	Oct → Nov 2022	—	Laboratorios Silanes S.A. de C.V.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03880357	Oct 2018 → Mar 2019	psoriasis	Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03469336	Apr 2018 → Mar 2019	psoriasis	Pfizer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02973776	Dec 2016 → Feb 2017	psoriasis	LEO Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02379793	Mar → Apr 2015	connective tissue disorder	LEO Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 212 trials
Phase 2	NCT07447739	Apr 2026 → Mar 2027 expected	bronchopulmonary dysplasia, respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants	Khang Nguyen	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT07131657	Sep → Dec 2025	—	PHARMAFINA	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT05401812	Jul 2022 → Jan 2024	acute respiratory distress syndrome	National Taiwan University Hospital	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT04734197	Jan 2021 → Mar 2022	dry eye syndrome	Surface Ophthalmics, Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT04734210	Jan 2021 → Oct 2022	dry eye syndrome	Surface Ophthalmics, Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03584360	Sep 2018	psoriasis	Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03240783	Jul → Dec 2017	sciatica	St George Hospital, Australia	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02892500	Apr → Sep 2016	—	Sanford Health	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02038569	Jan 2014 → Feb 2018	psoriasis	LEO Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01710384	Nov 2012 → Nov 2014	—	Meir Medical Center	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01600222	May 2012 → May 2013	psoriasis	LEO Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01206946	Sep 2010 → Sep 2013	newborn respiratory distress syndrome, persistent tachypnoe of infancy, usual	American University of Beirut Medical Center	Unknown	No outcome recorded

Phase 2/33 trials
Phase 2/3	NCT02939742	Nov 2016 → Dec 2023	preterm premature rupture of the membranes, respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants	The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT02469519	Mar 2016 → Aug 2022	preterm premature rupture of the membranes	Pediatrix	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT00139256	Aug 2005 → Apr 2007	newborn respiratory distress syndrome	Emory University	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 316 trials
Phase 3	NCT07328022	May → Aug 2025	bursitis, synovitis, tendinitis	Laboratorios Silanes S.A. de C.V.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT06527235	Mar 2025 → Jun 2028 expected	peripheral nerve lesion	University Hospital, Toulouse	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT06863701	Jan 2025 → Dec 2026 expected	gout	Laboratorios Silanes S.A. de C.V.	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT06916884	Nov 2024 → May 2025 overdue	allergic rhinitis	Laboratorios Silanes S.A. de C.V.	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT06299813	Mar 2024 → Jan 2025	adenoviridae infectious disease	A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT05249972	Jan → Aug 2022	psoriasis	Lipidor AB	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT07297264	Jan 2022 → Feb 2023	impacted teeth, multiple	Shehab Ahmed Hamad	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03958344	Jan 2022 → Jun 2024	orbital pseudotumor	Iran University of Medical Sciences	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03395132	Jul 2018 → May 2019	atopic eczema	LEO Pharma	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02744495	Feb → Nov 2016	—	Hôpital Privé de Parly II - Le Chesnay	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02114021	Mar 2012 → Mar 2013	pharyngitis	Tehran University of Medical Sciences	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01807962	Nov 2011 → Dec 2015	periarthritis	Stephane Genevay	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02575729	Aug 2011 → Jul 2014	carpal tunnel syndrome	Chang Gung Memorial Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01195831	Sep 2010 → Mar 2011	psoriasis	LEO Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00436969	Dec 2006 → Feb 2010	osteoarthritis	DePuy Mitek	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00015002	Mar 2000 → May 2006	pregnancy disorder	The George Washington University Biostatistics Center	Terminated	No outcome recorded

Phase 419 trials
Phase 4	NCT07547605	May → Dec 2026 expected	myofascial pain syndrome	University of Kyrenia	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT07078786	Jul → Oct 2025 overdue	—	Rawalpindi Medical College	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05139875	Jan 2022 → Apr 2024	osteoarthritis, knee	Thammasat University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04153396	Sep → Dec 2021	—	Beijing Tiantan Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04278833	Sep 2020 → May 2021	disease of the tendon, osteoarthritis, shoulder impingement syndrome	Stanford University	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03766997	Feb 2019 → Jan 2021	granulomatous mastitis	Peking Union Medical College Hospital	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03156829	Nov 2017 → Sep 2021	arthropathy	London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph's	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02978976	Jan 2017 → Apr 2018	newborn respiratory distress syndrome	Kasr El Aini Hospital	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02930057	Oct 2016 → Oct 2017	radiculopathy	Sheba Medical Center	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02833116	Jun 2016 → Jun 2018	chronic pain syndrome	Basque Health Service	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02686983	Mar 2016 → Mar 2018	migraine disorder	Jakob Møller Hansen, MD.	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02652884	Jan → Dec 2016	hypoparathyroidism	Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01238536	Apr 2011 → Aug 2013	spinal stenosis	University of Washington	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00933023	Aug → Sep 2009	phimosis	Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00542139	Dec 2007 → Nov 2008	osteoarthritis	Hadassah Medical Organization	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00446953	Feb 2007 → Oct 2013	newborn respiratory distress syndrome	University Hospital, Strasbourg, France	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00216892	Apr → Dec 2005	psoriasis	LEO Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00963573	Sep 2003 → Nov 2006	rhinitis	Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00295464	May 2001 → ?	intracerebral hemorrhage, respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants	University of Oulu	Terminated	No outcome recorded

Phase not applicable14 trials
—	NCT07337772	Feb 2026 → Nov 2028 expected	adrenal cortex disorder, osteoarthritis, knee	First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07704398	Oct 2023 → Apr 2026	periapical periodontitis	Istanbul Medipol University Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05926895	Jun 2023 → Aug 2024	shoulder impingement syndrome	Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05345782	Apr 2022 → Apr 2023	chronic pain syndrome	Ain Shams University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05303766	Apr 2022 → Mar 2023	osteoarthritis, knee	Assiut University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT04420572	Mar → Jun 2021	—	Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT04440371	Jun 2020 → Jul 2023	generalized vitiligo	Jordan University of Science and Technology	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT03446937	Dec 2017 → May 2019	respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants	Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02191007	Nov 2013 → May 2014	psoriasis	Xijing Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01885481	Oct 2013 → Feb 2015	—	Seoul National University Bundang Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00675246	May 2008 → May 2010	persistent tachypnoe of infancy, usual, respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants	Instituto Materno Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00453141	Apr 2006 → Oct 2009	—	The Cooper Health System	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01132079	Mar 2005 → ?	atopic eczema	University of Kiel	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00418353	Aug 2002 → Apr 2005	intracerebral hemorrhage, respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants	University of Oklahoma	Completed	No outcome recorded

Also used as a comparator or background therapy in 101 trials

Phase	Registry id	Dates	Indication	Sponsor	Status	Outcome
Phase 03 trials
Phase 0	NCT04569825 Comparator	Aug → Sep 2020	—	University Of Anbar	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT04196400 Comparator	Dec 2019 → Dec 2020	hypospadias	Cairo University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT00370799 Comparator	Jan 2007 → Dec 2009	—	Pain Management Center of Paducah	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 19 trials
Phase 1	NCT05235854 Comparator	May 2022 → May 2026	osteoarthritis, knee	Nîmes University Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT05288920 Comparator	Mar → Sep 2022	lumbar disk disease	Beni-Suef University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT04221906 Comparator	Jan → Mar 2020	psoriasis	Boston Pharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03668860 Comparator	Sep 2018 → Feb 2019	—	Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02999776 Comparator	Nov 2016 → Dec 2017	psoriasis	Pantec Biosolutions AG	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02940002 Comparator	Oct 2016 → Jan 2017	psoriasis	Bayer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00763204 Comparator	Feb → Mar 2008	psoriasis	Pfizer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00762658 Comparator	Nov → Dec 2007	psoriasis	Pfizer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01168375 Comparator	—	corneal disorder	Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences	Unknown	No outcome recorded

Phase 1/25 trials
Phase 1/2	NCT06084624 Comparator	Dec 2023 → Jan 2025	Behcet disease	Cairo University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT02148016 Background	Dec 2012 → Jun 2014	hyperopia, myopia, pterygium	Sun Yat-sen University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT00987870 Comparator	Sep 2009 → Feb 2010	arthritic joint disease, psoriasis	Novartis Pharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT00670956 Comparator	Apr 2008 → Sep 2011	congenital pulmonary airway malformation	University of California, San Francisco	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT00578370 Comparator	Nov 2007 → Apr 2008	psoriasis	ISDIN	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 29 trials
Phase 2	NCT06786689 Comparator	Mar → May 2023	alopecia areata	Sheikh Zayed Medical College	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT06171555 Comparator	Jan 2023 → Dec 2025	epicondylitis, tendinosis	Indiana Hand to Shoulder Center	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03279796 Comparator	Oct 2018 → Dec 2019	epicondylitis, rotator cuff syndrome	Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02114073 Comparator	Apr → Nov 2014	open-angle glaucoma	Mashhad University of Medical Sciences	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02066844 Background	Feb → Aug 2014	osteoarthritis, hip	Cartiva, Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01536938 Comparator	May → Sep 2012	psoriasis	LEO Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01536886 Comparator	May → Sep 2012	psoriasis	LEO Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01033097 Comparator	Nov 2009 → Jul 2011	atopic eczema	Novartis Pharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00623766 Background	Jul 2008 → Sep 2009	melanoma	Bristol-Myers Squibb	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 2/31 trial
Phase 2/3	NCT03547791 Comparator	May 2018 → Dec 2023	pregnancy disorder	Seoul National University Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 318 trials
Phase 3	NCT07448285 Comparator	Feb 2026 → Feb 2029 expected	chronic pain syndrome	Biobizkaia Health Research Institute	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT04494529 Comparator	Mar → Aug 2021	pregnancy disorder	McMaster University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT04860531 Comparator	Sep 2019 → Jan 2021	vertebral column disorder	Ain Shams University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03474991 Comparator	Oct 2018 → Mar 2024	pneumonia	Julia Bielicki	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT04000932 Comparator	Jul 2018 → Dec 2019	carpal tunnel syndrome	Baskent University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02897076 Comparator	Jan 2017 → Jan 2020	—	Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02351310 Comparator	Nov 2015	—	Pediatrix	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02310646 Comparator	Jan → Jul 2015	psoriasis	LEO Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01529242 Comparator	Feb 2014 → Aug 2016	hypersensitivity reaction disease	EMS	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01529229 Comparator	Nov 2013 → Oct 2014	allergic rhinitis	EMS	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01720485 Comparator	Oct → Dec 2013	allergic rhinitis	EMS	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01429701 Comparator	May → Jun 2012	dermatitis	EMS	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01381081 Comparator	Jul 2011 → Jan 2014	osteoarthritis, knee	Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Research Institute	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01222247 Comparator	Oct 2010 → Mar 2015	pregnancy disorder, respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants	The George Washington University Biostatistics Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00670241 Comparator	Apr 2008 → Feb 2009	psoriasis	LEO Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01061853 Comparator	Feb 2008 → Nov 2012	lichen planus, oral	University Hospital, Tours	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00574249 Comparator	Nov 2007 → Oct 2008	psoriasis	Abbott	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00004778 Background	Aug 1993 → ?	newborn respiratory distress syndrome	National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 427 trials
Phase 4	NCT07713186 Background	Aug 2026 → Jan 2027 expected	atopic eczema	Cairo University	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT07341776 Comparator	Jan → Dec 2026 expected	anaphylaxis, food allergy	Johannes Trueck	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT07105540 Comparator	Aug 2025 → Feb 2026	carpal tunnel syndrome	Ankara Etlik City Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06715085 Comparator	Jan 2025 → Feb 2026 overdue	musculoskeletal system disorder	Biotechnology Institute IMASD	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05114096 Comparator	Jul 2023 → Dec 2026 expected	pregnancy disorder	McMaster University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05475808 Comparator	Aug 2022 → Jul 2023 overdue	carpal tunnel syndrome	Abant Izzet Baysal University	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05571046 Comparator	Jun 2022 → Oct 2023	radiculopathy	Cukurova University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05291650 Comparator	Apr 2022 → Sep 2023	osteoarthritis, knee	Zhujiang Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05260125 Comparator	Mar 2022 → Mar 2025 overdue	hemiplegia, stroke disorder	Abant Izzet Baysal University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04900220 Comparator	Sep 2021 → Dec 2022	—	West Virginia University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04869709 Comparator	Jul 2021 → Jul 2023	—	University of Southern California	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03210545 Comparator	Mar → Nov 2021	primary adrenal insufficiency	Göteborg University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04521387 Comparator	Feb 2021 → May 2022	epicondylitis	Wroclaw Medical University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05058209 Comparator	Nov 2020 → Apr 2021	osteoarthritis, knee	ROC Foundation	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03165825 Comparator	Jan 2018 → Sep 2019	radiculopathy	Vanderbilt University Medical Center	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03196817 Comparator	Aug 2016 → May 2017	carpal tunnel syndrome	Hospital Alvorada	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02912182 Comparator	Dec 2015 → Mar 2021	vestibular disorder, vestibular neuronitis	Lund University	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02612272 Comparator	Nov 2015 → Oct 2017	osteoarthritis, knee	St. Luke's Hospital, Pennsylvania	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02604537 Comparator	Oct 2015 → Oct 2024	de Quervain disease	OrthoCarolina Research Institute, Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02533973 Comparator	Sep 2015 → Mar 2018	psoriasis	LEO Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02733874 Comparator	Apr 2015 → Apr 2016	psoriasis	First Hospital of China Medical University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02350023 Comparator	Sep 2014 → Mar 2015	alopecia areata	Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02038634 Comparator	Aug 2014 → Mar 2021	de Quervain disease	Medical College of Wisconsin	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01524913 Comparator	Jan 2012 → Dec 2015	temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome	Emory University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01071369 Comparator	Feb 2008	—	Pain Management Center of Paducah	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00201643 Comparator	Nov 2003 → Feb 2008	—	Obstetrix Medical Group	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00209859 Background	Oct 1998 → Nov 2007	rheumatoid arthritis	Hvidovre University Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase not applicable29 trials
—	NCT07681804 Comparator	Jun 2026 → Apr 2027 expected	musculoskeletal system disorder	Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07385560 Background	Feb → May 2026 overdue	osteoarthritis, knee, popliteal cyst	Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07295678 Comparator	Jan → Jul 2026 overdue	atopic eczema	CEN Biotech	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07058636 Comparator	Apr 2025 → Mar 2026 overdue	headache disorder, myofascial pain syndrome	Ankara Etlik City Hospital	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06498180 Background	Dec 2024 → Dec 2027 expected	oral erosive lichen, periodontitis	Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06785935 Comparator	Nov 2024 → May 2025 overdue	—	Mansoura University Hospital	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06265675 Comparator	Jan 2024 → Jan 2025	osteoarthritis, knee	Gaziler Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Education and Research Hospital	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07710651 Comparator	Aug → Dec 2023	frozen shoulder	Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06034418 Comparator	Nov 2022 → Nov 2023	osteoarthritis, hip	Ankara City Hospital Bilkent	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05556122 Background	Jul → Dec 2022	peripheral nerve lesion	Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT04859764 Background	Jun 2022 → Dec 2025	osteoarthritis, knee	University of Alabama at Birmingham	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05837494 Comparator	Jun 2022 → May 2023	osteoarthritis, knee	Tanta University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT03770546 Comparator	Oct 2021 → Dec 2022	frozen shoulder, osteoarthritis	University of Alabama at Birmingham	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07156513 Background	Jan 2021 → Mar 2024	chronic pain syndrome	Puerta de Hierro University Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT04593706 Comparator	Nov 2020 → Oct 2021	keloid, keloid formation	Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06188221 Background	Feb 2020 → Jul 2023	carpal tunnel syndrome, osteoarthritis, hand	University of Texas at Austin	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT04186624 Background	Dec 2019 → Jul 2020	shoulder impingement syndrome	Marmara University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT04982809 Comparator	Jul 2018 → Mar 2020	interstitial lung disease	Cairo University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT04306653 Comparator	Jan 2018 → Apr 2020	gout	University of Patras	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT03204942 Comparator	Feb 2017 → Jul 2018	bone cancer	National Cancer Institute, Egypt	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT03101033 Comparator	May 2015 → Feb 2016	lumbar disk disease	yan lu	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02246530 Comparator	Jul 2014 → Jan 2021	disease of the tendon, rotator cuff syndrome	University of Alabama at Birmingham	Terminated	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02261662 Background	Jun → Nov 2014	autoimmune disease, hepatitis C virus infection, lichen planus, vasculitis	Tanta University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01614223 Comparator	Sep 2010 → Sep 2015	plantar fasciitis	University of Western Ontario, Canada	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01127672 Comparator	May 2010 → May 2011	plantar fasciitis	Loma Linda University	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00982332 Comparator	Mar 2010 → Sep 2011	polymyalgia rheumatica	Bnai Zion Medical Center	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00914836 Comparator	Jun 2009 → Apr 2010	bursitis, tendinitis	HaEmek Medical Center, Israel	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00685880 Comparator	May 2008 → Jul 2010	osteoarthritis, hand	Mayo Clinic	Terminated	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00669383 Comparator	Jun 2001 → Jul 2007	—	Oregon Health and Science University	Completed	No outcome recorded

Evidence & citations 30 cited values

Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 176 sources stand behind the page.

Field	Value	Cited text
Known as	betamethasone	“The control group will have identical needle placement and preparation like the 2 previous groups without the RF lesion, but with the injection of particulate Betamethasone...” NCT03204942 ↗ 145 “A phase 2 trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of once daily use of LEO 80185 gel containing calcipotriol 50 mcg/g plus betamethasone 0.5mg/g (as dipropionate) in...” NCT02038569 ↗ “Epidural steroid injectate will be 2cc of 1% lidocaine followed by 1-3 cc of 40 mg/cc Kenalog (i.e. 40-120 mg Kenalog) or an equivalent steroid medication (depo-medrol 60-120...” NCT01238536 ↗ “treatment with Xamiol® gel (calcipotriol 50 mcg/g plus betamethasone 0.5 mg/g (as dipropionate)) once daily (as required) with Daivonex® scalp solution (calcipotriol 50 mcg/g)...” NCT02533973 ↗ “Following aspiration, an injection mixture consisting of 1 mL betamethasone, 1 mL of 2% lidocaine, and 1 mL of 0.9% isotonic sodium chloride is administered into the...” NCT07385560 ↗ “Daily self-administration of 1 to 5g Daivobet (Calcipotriol 50ug/g +Betamethasone, 0,5mg/g Gel) ointment, which is applied topically once per day for 8 weeks on one...” NCT02999776 ↗ “Participants were randomly assigned into two groups: a standard root canal treatment group (n = 40) and an adjunctive treatment group receiving submucosal betamethasone and...” NCT07704398 ↗ “The selected patients will receive transforaminal epidural injection of premixed steroids with local anesthetic in a total volume 2 ml (7 mg Betamethasone and 20 mg Lidocaine 2%)” NCT05288920 ↗ “In a randomized study 15 patients with AD were treated on one upper limb with pimecrolimus and on the other with betamethasone twice daily for 3 weeks.” PMID 19410693 ↗ May 2009 “The experimental treatment will consist of the active ingredient betamethasone, specifically using the medication Bentelan 0.5mg® effervescent tablets.” NCT06299813 ↗ “One hundred sixteen patients were randomly assigned to either the BR (Betamethasone-Ropivacaine) group or the R (Ropivacaine) group in a 1:1 ratio.” PMID 37800559 ↗ Jan 2024 “Group II patients received cervical interlaminar epidural injections with 0.5% lidocaine, 4 mL, mixed with 1 mL of nonparticulate betamethasone.” PMID 22270734 ↗ Jan 2012 “In the betamethasone group, 138 participants received nasal drops of betamethasone 3 times daily until recovery for a maximum of one month.” PMID 33839489 ↗ Apr 2021 “Calcipotriol 50 mcg/g (as hydrate) and betamethasone 0.5 mg/g (as dipropionate) Aerosol Foam 60 g per can, applied once daily for one week” NCT02310646 ↗ “bethametasone (Diprophos): 1ml ampoule (containing 5mg/ml dipropionate de betamethasone and 2mg/ml phosphate disodique de betamethasone)” NCT01807962 ↗ “* Carpal tunnel injections: 6mg betamethasone (1mL of betamethasone 6mg/mL suspension) + 20mg lidocaine (2mL 10mg/mL lidocaine solution)” NCT06188221 ↗ “The active ingredient of Fucicort® Lipid cream are Fusidic acid and betamethasone. The pack size of Fucicort® Lipid cream is 15g.” NCT03395132 ↗ “Skin Irritation Test of LEO 80185 Gel (Calcipotriol Hydrate Plus Betamethasone Dipropionate) in Healthy Japanese Subjects” NCT02379793 ↗ “1 ml (7 mg / ml) betamethasone and 4 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine will be given subacromial bursa-subdeltoid space.” NCT04186624 ↗ “solution of corticosteroid (Celestone Cronodose injectable suspension \[betamethasone\]) and saline solution” NCT06715085 ↗ “intraarticular knee injection of betamethasone and bupivacaine 0.5% (dose is determined by joint size)” NCT04859764 ↗ “Intramuscular injection of single dose of 1 ml betamethasone, Paracetamol (500 mg, 2 times a day)” NCT05571046 ↗ “The product of the glucocorticoid is betamethasone injectable suspension and the dosage is 1 ml.” NCT05291650 ↗ “This is a 1 ml syringe of Betamethasone 2 mg, suspension for injection in pre-filled syringe.” NCT05235854 ↗ “The participants received 2 injections of betamethasone or placebo after randomization (1:1).” PMID 40982289 ↗ Dec 2025 “LEO 90100 calcipotriol 50 mcg/g and betamethasone 0.5 mg/g (as dipropionate) aerosol foam” NCT02973776 ↗ “Intramuscular injection of Betamethasone 12mg will be administered on 2 consecutive days” NCT07078786 ↗ “either brand name or non-particulate betamethasone [6 mg] or methylprednisolone [40 mg]” PMID 21267039 ↗ Jan 2011 “The GON block involves injecting a mixture of 1 ml 2% lidocaine and 1 ml betamethasone.” NCT07058636 ↗ “then30 ml (14 ml Marcaine +14 ml normal saline+2ml betamethasone) are injected.” NCT05345782 ↗ “Calcipotriol 50 mcg/g (as hydrate) and betamethasone 0.5 mg/g (as dipropionate)” NCT01600222 ↗ “desonide 0.1%, or betamethasone 0.05% in case treatment escalation is required.” NCT07295678 ↗ “Calcipotriol (as hydrate) 50mcg/g plus betamethasone 0.5mg/g (dipropionate)” NCT01195831 ↗ “each vial contains betamethasone 5 mg + betamethasone dipropionate 2 mg” NCT07337772 ↗ “Ropivacaine HCl - Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate - Clonidine HCl” NCT06781632 ↗ “A single betamethasone and bupivacaine intra-articular injection” NCT01381081 ↗ “1 mL Triamcinolone (40 mg) + 1 mL Betamethasone (6 mg) = 2 mL” NCT03958344 ↗ “chloramphenicol and betamethasone eye drops every 6 hours” NCT01168375 ↗ “Celestamine® N 0.5 liquidum is a betamethasone solution” NCT03474991 ↗ “Betamethasone, dexamethasone, or methylprednisolone” NCT05401812 ↗ “Betnesol®-V Creme (betamethasone 0.1 %)” NCT00763204 ↗ “betamethasone injectable suspension” NCT01127672 ↗ “2ml of 7mg Betamethasone (N2=30)” NCT04521387 ↗ “betamethasone 0.1%” NCT00762658 ↗ “Betamethasone” NCT07341776 ↗ NCT06916884 ↗ NCT00623766 ↗ NCT02114021 ↗ NCT07547605 ↗ NCT02912182 ↗ NCT02978976 ↗ NCT04278833 ↗ NCT01536886 ↗ NCT02744495 ↗ NCT00963573 ↗ NCT00675246 ↗ NCT03165825 ↗ NCT00685880 ↗ NCT02833116 ↗ NCT00446953 ↗ NCT04440371 ↗ NCT04734197 ↗ NCT03584360 ↗ NCT02350023 ↗ NCT03766997 ↗ NCT01206946 ↗ NCT06854380 ↗ NCT01429701 ↗ NCT00578370 ↗ NCT02733874 ↗ NCT07131657 ↗ NCT02114073 ↗ NCT06785935 ↗ NCT02191007 ↗ NCT04196400 ↗ NCT06786689 ↗ NCT04306653 ↗ NCT00216892 ↗ NCT02469519 ↗ NCT03240783 ↗ NCT04221906 ↗ NCT01061853 ↗ NCT01536938 ↗ NCT07454369 ↗ NCT02686983 ↗ NCT03446937 ↗ NCT04420572 ↗ NCT00669383 ↗ NCT01710384 ↗ NCT06084624 ↗ NCT01885481 ↗ NCT04494529 ↗ NCT06034418 ↗ NCT00209859 ↗ NCT01529229 ↗ NCT01529242 ↗ NCT00004778 ↗ NCT06863701 ↗ NCT06527235 ↗ NCT03770546 ↗ NCT00982332 ↗ NCT00201643 ↗ NCT03707795 ↗ NCT00295464 ↗ NCT00015002 ↗ NCT00418353 ↗ NCT07328022 ↗ NCT07297264 ↗ NCT02939742 ↗ NCT00987870 ↗ NCT07710651 ↗ NCT03668860 ↗ NCT03210545 ↗ NCT02604537 ↗ NCT05249972 ↗ NCT03101033 ↗ NCT01720485 ↗ NCT02652884 ↗ NCT07156513 ↗ NCT04860531 ↗ NCT00139256 ↗ NCT03469336 ↗ NCT02940002 ↗ NCT00933023 ↗ NCT00670241 ↗ NCT02261662 ↗ NCT04982809 ↗ NCT00542139 ↗ NCT02351310 ↗ NCT04900220 ↗ NCT02897076 ↗ NCT07105540 ↗ NCT01222247 ↗ NCT07681804 ↗ NCT07713186 ↗ NCT03880357 ↗ NCT03156829 ↗ NCT02612272 ↗ NCT02038634 ↗ NCT01033097 ↗ NCT02575729 ↗ NCT07448285 ↗ NCT07447739 ↗ NCT00453141 ↗ NCT00670956 ↗ NCT02148016 ↗
Known as	Bentelan	“The experimental treatment will consist of the active ingredient betamethasone, specifically using the medication Bentelan 0.5mg® effervescent tablets.” NCT06299813 ↗
Known as	Betafos	“Intralesional injection of steroids (betamethasone), (Betafos®) and hyaluronidase (enzyme), (Hynidase®) into benign vocal fold lesions” NCT06854380 ↗
Known as	Betamethason Sodium Phosphate	“It contains betamethason sodium phosphate 5.2mg(Betamethasone 4.0mg) in 1 ample(1mL).” NCT03547791 ↗ 1 “Drug: Betamethason Sodium Phosphate” NCT07078786 ↗
Known as	Betamethasone acetate	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT04593706 ↗
Known as	Betamethasone Dipropionate / Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT05139875 ↗
Known as	betamethasone disodium phosphate	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT03196817 ↗
Known as	Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate	“1ml Betamethasone dipropionate + Betamethasone sodium phosphate (6.43 mg/ml + 2.63 mg/ml) steroid injection will be applied around the median nerve with a 22 G injector from...” NCT05475808 ↗ 13 “1ml dexamethasone mixed with 0.5-2ml of saline to achieve the same injection volume with the cell suspension (which contains betamethasone dipropionate 5mg and betamethasone...” NCT03279796 ↗ “The local steroid injection ((1 ml Diprospan ®, Schering Plough containing 6.43 mg of betamethasone dipropionate and 2.63 mg of betamethasone sodium phosphate) will be...” NCT04000932 ↗ “For suprascapular nerve block, a solution consisting of 5 ml 2% lidocaine, 1 ml Betamethasone dipropionate + Betamethasone sodium phosphate (6.43 mg/ml + 2.63 mg/ml), 4 ml...” NCT05260125 ↗ “After the cannula needle was inserted to the articular cavity, 1 mL compound betamethasone (2 mg betamethasone sodium phosphate and 5 mg betamethasone dipropionate) was injected.” NCT05303766 ↗ “The drug for intercostal nerve block was 0.33% ropivacaine +2.333mg compound betamethasone (1.667mg betamethasone dipropionate + 0.667mg betamethasone sodium phosphate) to 15ml” NCT05556122 ↗ “Local blockade therapy with Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate Injection (containing 1.4mg Betamethasone equivalent)” NCT06498180 ↗ “2 ml of 4 mg Betamethasone sodium phosphate” NCT05837494 ↗ NCT04869709 ↗ NCT00914836 ↗ NCT05926895 ↗ NCT04734210 ↗ NCT02892500 ↗ NCT04593706 ↗
Known as	betamethasone sodium phosphate and acetate	“Celestone (betamethasone sodium phosphate and acetate) - 2 mL” NCT00436969 ↗
Known as	Betamethasone sodium phosphate and betamethasone acetate	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT05058209 ↗
Known as	betamethasone sodium phosphate/betamethasone acetate	“The study drug (betamethasone sodium phosphate/betamethasone acetate [Celestone® Soluspan®]) will be injected into a muscle such as arm or buttock - this will be the first of...” NCT03707795 ↗
Known as	Betnesol-V	“Daily application of Betnesol-V cream (betamethasone 0.1%)” NCT04221906 ↗
Known as	Betnesol-V Creme	“Betnesol®-V Creme (betamethasone 0.1 %)” NCT00763204 ↗
Known as	BSP	“This study will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combining periodontal initial therapy under local anesthesia with intralesional betamethasone sodium phosphate (BSP)...” PMID 41430296 ↗ Dec 2025
Known as	Calcipotriol/Betamethasone	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT00574249 ↗
Known as	Celestamine	“Children in KIDS-STEP will be receiving either oral betamethasone (Celestamine®) or oral placebo dosed once daily for two consecutive days.” NCT03474991 ↗
Known as	Celestamine N 0.5 liquidum	“Celestamine® N 0.5 liquidum is a betamethasone solution” NCT03474991 ↗
Known as	Celestone	“Celestone (betamethasone sodium phosphate and betamethasone acetate Injectable Suspension, USP 6 mg per mL) is indicated as an intra-articular injection for the management of...” NCT05058209 ↗ 10 “Combination steroid (Celestone) and anesthetic drug (Lidocaine) will be injected into the patient's subacromial bursa via needle guidance of ultrasound” NCT02246530 ↗ “Betamethasone (Celestone) 12 mg intramuscular q 24 hours x 2 doses” NCT00669383 ↗ “1cc celestone (6 mg/cc) will be injected into the joint space” NCT01524913 ↗ “Celestone (betamethasone sodium phosphate and acetate) - 2 mL” NCT00436969 ↗ NCT01614223 ↗ NCT06171555 ↗ NCT06265675 ↗ NCT05114096 ↗ NCT02066844 ↗ NCT02930057 ↗
Known as	Celestone Chronodose	“all of the patients of the experimental Celestone group will receive transforaminal epidural injection of the solution of 1 cc of Lidocaine 1% with 1 cc of Celestone®...” NCT02930057 ↗ 1 “6 mg of betamethasone (Celestone Chronodose, which is the most commonly used intramuscular steroid formulation in our country” NCT04306653 ↗
Known as	Celestone Cronodose	“solution of corticosteroid (Celestone Cronodose injectable suspension \[betamethasone\]) and saline solution” NCT06715085 ↗
Known as	Celestone Pediatric	“A3: Betamethasone (Celestone® Pediatric, Laboratorios Schering-Plough, S.A. de C.V.)” NCT07454369 ↗
Known as	Celestone Soluspan	“The study drug (betamethasone sodium phosphate/betamethasone acetate [Celestone® Soluspan®]) will be injected into a muscle such as arm or buttock - this will be the first of...” NCT03707795 ↗ 4 “Material identification: Celestone soluspan or Kenalog 1% 50mL multiuse vials without epinephrine, 1% 5mL lidocaine vials, 10mL syringes with 21mm x 1 ¼ inch needles, alcohol...” NCT03445611 ↗ “Corticosteroid Injection Brand name of the drug: Celestone Soluspan Dosage: 6 mg/ml” NCT03156829 ↗ “Betamethasone(Celestone soluspan) and Dexamethasone” NCT00418353 ↗ NCT03668860 ↗
Known as	Compound Betamethasone Injection	“steroid injectant consists of 1 ml of Compound Betamethasone Injection (Diprospan®, Schering-Plough Labo N.V., Belgium) and 4ml of 0.2% lidocaine will be injected.” NCT03101033 ↗
Known as	DIPROLENE*	“TOPICAL BETAMETHASONE (DIPROLENE*)0.05%” NCT01061853 ↗
Known as	Diprosone	“Diprosone® betamethasone 0.5 mg/g (as dipropionate) ointment” NCT02973776 ↗
Known as	Diprospan	“steroid injectant consists of 1 ml of Compound Betamethasone Injection (Diprospan®, Schering-Plough Labo N.V., Belgium) and 4ml of 0.2% lidocaine will be injected.” NCT03101033 ↗ 1 “Diprospan (betamethasone dipropionate 5 mg + betamethasone sodium phosphate 2 mg)” NCT07547605 ↗
Known as	Lianbang Beisong	“The combination treatment with Fucidin® cream followed by betamethasone (Lianbang Beisong®) cream. Twice daily for two weeks.” NCT03395132 ↗
Action	Inhibit	“Steroids act by inhibiting both collagen deposition and collagen synthesis.” NCT06854380 ↗
Modality	Other / unclassified	“Corticosteroid: Betamethasone” NCT00623766 ↗
Route	Intramuscular	“intramuscular injections of betamethasone or dexamethasone” NCT00004778 ↗