Levodopa

also known as L-DOPA · carbidopa/levodopa · Sinemet · CVT-301 · Levodopa-carbidopa · DUODOPA · madopar · ABT-SLV187 · +32 more

Small molecule targets DRD3, GPR143 via activation

Developed for: Parkinson disease · age-related macular degeneration · major depressive disorder · cocaine abuse · cocaine dependence · cognitive disorder · depressive disorder · restless legs syndrome
+31 more
· Angelman syndrome · aphasia · atypical depressive disorder · cognitive impairment with or without cerebellar ataxia · diabetic retinopathy · dysthymic disorder · ischemic stroke · parkinsonian disorder · stroke disorder · albinism · alcohol-related disorders · Alzheimer disease · autism spectrum disorder 1 · brain injury · chronic pain syndrome · CTNNB1-related neurodevelopmental disorder and/or vitreoretinopathy · dyslexia · impulse control disorder · non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy · obstructive sleep apnea syndrome · oculocutaneous albinism · post-traumatic stress disorder · retinal disorder · retinitis pigmentosa · spinal cord injury · type 2 diabetes mellitus · amblyopia · amyotrophic lateral sclerosis · dystonic disorder · primary progressive freezing gait · subacute bursitis
Investigated by: Bial - Portela C S.A. · Acorda Therapeutics · Impax Laboratories, LLC · Emory University · National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) · University Hospital Muenster
+134 more
· National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) · National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) · NeuroDerm Ltd. · Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma · Snyder, Robert W., M.D., Ph.D., P.C. · AbbVie · Hong Kong WD Pharmaceutical Co., Limited · Intec Pharma Ltd. · New York State Psychiatric Institute · AbbVie · Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research · National Institutes of Health (NIH) · Northwestern University · Pfizer · Shanghai WD Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. · The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston · University of Michigan · Baylor College of Medicine · Boehringer Ingelheim · Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders · National Institute on Aging (NIA) · Solvay Pharmaceuticals · TFS Trial Form Support · UCB Pharma · University Hospital, Toulouse · University of Wisconsin, Madison · Vanderbilt University Medical Center · Abbott Japan Co.,Ltd · Amneal Pharmaceuticals, LLC · Angelman Syndrome Foundation, Inc. · BalGenSource Medical Technology Co. Ltd. · Beijing Normal University · Beirut Eye Specialist Hospital · Bennett Lavenstein · Bronx VA Medical Center · Charite University, Berlin, Germany · Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Cita NeuroPharmaceuticals · Clinical Data Science GmbH · Clintrex Research Corporation · Columbia University · Cooperative Clinical Drug Research and Development AG (CCDRD AG) · David Escobar · Depomed · Dr. Ulrike Grittner · Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) · Fondation de France · GE Healthcare · German Federal Ministry of Education and Research · German Research Foundation · Giovanni Mirabella · Greenwood Genetic Center · Impel Pharmaceuticals · Institut de Myologie, France · International Brain Research Foundation · Julien Bally · Kevin J. Black, MD · King's College London · Laboratorios Andromaco S.A. · Laboratorios Phoenix S.A.I.C.y F. · LobSor Pharmaceuticals AB · Maastricht University Medical Center · Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences · McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre · McMaster University · Medical Research Council · Medical University of Vienna · Molecular NeuroImaging · Morningside Center for Innovative and Affordable Medicine · Motognosis GmbH · Neurocrine Biosciences · Newron Pharmaceuticals SPA · Northwestern Medical Group · all 140 on the full record

Regulatory milestones approvals, filings & regulatory actions · 3 recorded

Milestone	Jurisdiction	Brand	Indication	Date	Sentence it was read from
Approved	EU (EMA)	Stalevo	—	2003-10-17	europa.eu ↗
Label expansion	US (FDA)	DOPAR	—	1975-02-27	fda.gov ↗
Approved	US (FDA)	LARODOPA	—	1970-06-04	fda.gov ↗

Trials 159 · started per year

today

US approved 1970

EU approved 2003

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Phase	Registry id	Dates	Indication	Sponsor	Status	Outcome
Phase 04 trials
Phase 0	NCT05471609	Jun → Aug 2025	—	University of Minnesota	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT05132660	Jul 2022 → Dec 2027 expected	diabetic retinopathy	VA Office of Research and Development	Enrolling by invitation	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT04244058	Sep 2020 → May 2023	cognitive disorder, traumatic brain injury	Weill Medical College of Cornell University	Suspended	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT06729658	Oct 2017 → Feb 2023	—	Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 138 trials
Phase 1	NCT07442591	Mar → Jun 2026 overdue	—	Shanghai WD Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT06037590	Sep → Oct 2023	Parkinson disease	PureIMS B.V.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT05708274	Jan 2023 → Oct 2025	spinal cord injury	Bronx VA Medical Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT05250141	Feb 2022	—	Laboratorios Andromaco S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT05128175	Oct 2021 → Jan 2022	Parkinson disease	Shanghai WD Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT04591535	Sep 2020 → Mar 2021	Parkinson disease	Hong Kong WD Pharmaceutical Co., Limited	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT04553978	Sep 2020 → Mar 2021	Parkinson disease	Hong Kong WD Pharmaceutical Co., Limited	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT04513340	Aug → Sep 2020	Parkinson disease	Hong Kong WD Pharmaceutical Co., Limited	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03887884	Mar → Jun 2019	Parkinson disease	Acorda Therapeutics	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03761004	Jan → Sep 2019	—	Hong Kong WD Pharmaceutical Co., Limited	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03496870	Feb → Jul 2018	Parkinson disease	Neurocrine Biosciences	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03205956	Oct 2017 → Oct 2019	Parkinson disease	Kevin J. Black, MD	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03754062	Jun 2017 → Sep 2019	—	King's College London	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03140956	Apr → Jul 2017	Parkinson disease	Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03055936	Feb → Jun 2017	—	Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02812394	Jun → Aug 2016	Parkinson disease	Acorda Therapeutics	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02807675	Jun → Nov 2016	Parkinson disease	Acorda Therapeutics	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02706977	Jan 2016 → Aug 2019	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Emory University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02633839	Dec 2015 → Apr 2016	—	Acorda Therapeutics	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02633007	Dec 2015 → Mar 2016	asthma	Acorda Therapeutics	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02554734	Aug → Nov 2015	Parkinson disease	Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02448914	May → Jul 2015	Parkinson disease	LobSor Pharmaceuticals AB	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02486432	Apr 2015	Parkinson disease	NeuroDerm Ltd.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02312232	Nov 2014 → Feb 2015	Parkinson disease	Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02096601	Aug 2014 → Mar 2015	Parkinson disease	NeuroDerm Ltd.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01437293	Aug 2010 → Apr 2012	cocaine abuse	New York State Psychiatric Institute	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01484990	Apr → Sep 2010	Parkinson disease	AbbVie	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01519284	Nov 2009 → Feb 2010	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01533077	Mar → Oct 2009	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02169895	Sep → Nov 2008	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00693862	Dec 2006 → Apr 2008	—	Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03097211	Jul → Oct 2006	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03094156	Apr → Jul 2006	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00634556	Feb 2006 → Oct 2010	Tourette syndrome	Washington University School of Medicine	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02774564	Sep → Nov 2005	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02778594	Sep → Nov 2005	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03091543	May → Jul 2004	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02763839	Apr → Jul 2001	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 1/27 trials
Phase 1/2	NCT06831500	Jul 2025 → Nov 2026 expected	Parkinson disease, multiple system atrophy, parkinsonian type, orthostatic hypotension	Julien Bally	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT06587217	Oct 2024 → Apr 2025	parkinsonian disorder	University of Michigan	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT06219915	Mar → May 2024	parkinsonian disorder	University of Michigan	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT02696512	Mar 2016 → Mar 2017	brain injury	International Brain Research Foundation	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT01026428	Sep 2009 → Jul 2010	Parkinson disease	Newron Pharmaceuticals SPA	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT00491998	Nov 2006 → Nov 2007	Parkinson disease	Vernalis (R&D) Ltd	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT00239564	Oct 2005 → Dec 2007	Parkinson disease	Impax Laboratories, LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 240 trials
Phase 2	NCT06626152	Aug 2024 → May 2026 overdue	major depressive disorder	University of British Columbia	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT07444892	Apr 2022 → Nov 2025	diabetic retinopathy	Emory University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT05036473	Nov 2021 → Dec 2022	Parkinson disease	Shanghai WD Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT05087914	Nov 2021 → Dec 2023	—	Northwestern University	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT04778176	Jun 2021 → Jul 2022	Parkinson disease	SynAgile Corporation	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT04558112	Feb 2021 → Dec 2023 overdue	post-traumatic stress disorder	University of Wisconsin, Madison	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT04469959	Feb 2021 → Apr 2026	cognitive disorder, major depressive disorder	Vanderbilt University Medical Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT05463367	Jan 2021 → Jun 2025 overdue	chronic pain syndrome, opiate dependence, substance abuse	Northwestern University	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02873351	Sep 2019 → Dec 2020	age-related macular degeneration	Snyder, Robert W., M.D., Ph.D., P.C.	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03451500	Jul 2018 → Oct 2019	age-related macular degeneration	Snyder, Robert W., M.D., Ph.D., P.C.	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03541356	May 2018 → Jun 2019	Parkinson disease	Impel Pharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03197493	Aug 2017 → Jul 2020	age-related macular degeneration	Snyder, Robert W., M.D., Ph.D., P.C.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03243552	Jun 2017 → Dec 2023	autism spectrum disorder 1	University of California, Los Angeles	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03022318	May 2017 → Dec 2019	age-related macular degeneration	Snyder, Robert W., M.D., Ph.D., P.C.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03023059	May 2017 → Mar 2020	age-related macular degeneration	Snyder, Robert W., M.D., Ph.D., P.C.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03007888	Nov 2016 → Aug 2017	Parkinson disease	Impax Laboratories, LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02837640	Jun 2016 → Jun 2017	retinitis pigmentosa	Beirut Eye Specialist Hospital	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02577523	Dec 2015 → Dec 2016	Parkinson disease	NeuroDerm Ltd.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02271503	Nov 2015 → Aug 2016	Parkinson disease	Impax Laboratories, LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02347059	Jan 2015 → Aug 2016	Parkinson disease	University of Toronto	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02080819	Feb 2014 → Jan 2017	cocaine dependence	Virginia Commonwealth University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01777555	Apr 2013 → Jan 2014	Parkinson disease	Acorda Therapeutics	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01663935	Oct 2012 → Apr 2018	albinism, oculocutaneous albinism	University of Wisconsin, Madison	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00947037	Aug 2012	Parkinson disease	Intec Pharma Ltd.	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01515410	Jan → Sep 2012	Parkinson disease	Depomed	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01291537	Nov 2011 → Mar 2016	Parkinson disease	Poitiers University Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01479127	Oct 2011 → Jul 2012	Parkinson disease	AbbVie	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01171313	Jul 2010 → Oct 2011	Parkinson disease	XenoPort, Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01568047	Feb → Jun 2010	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00918177	Jul 2009 → Oct 2012	Parkinson disease	Intec Pharma Ltd.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00869791	Nov 2008 → Jun 2009	Parkinson disease	Impax Laboratories, LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00713583	Jan 2008 → Dec 2011	cocaine dependence	The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00218023	Mar 2006 → Apr 2012	cocaine abuse	The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00279825	Jan 2006 → Dec 2007	Parkinson disease	Impax Laboratories, LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00253084	Nov 2005 → Dec 2007	Parkinson disease	Impax Laboratories, LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00200447	Mar → Sep 2004	Parkinson disease	Molecular NeuroImaging	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00096720	Feb 2004 → May 2007	Parkinson disease	Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00076674	Jan 2004 → Oct 2005	Parkinson disease, drug-induced dyskinesia	National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00013624	Mar 2001 → Mar 2005	Parkinson disease	National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00218075	Mar 2000 → Oct 2007	cocaine abuse	The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 2/33 trials
Phase 2/3	NCT05487300	May 2022 → May 2023	Parkinson disease, orthostatic hypotension	University of Utah	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT01468012	Jul 2014	cocaine dependence	New York State Psychiatric Institute	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT01281475	Jan 2011 → Jul 2015	Angelman syndrome	Wen-Hann Tan	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 319 trials
Phase 3	NCT04379050	Jun 2020 → Apr 2026	Parkinson disease	AbbVie	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT04006210	Sep 2019 → Nov 2022 overdue	Parkinson disease	NeuroDerm Ltd.	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03670953	Nov 2018 → Jun 2021	Parkinson disease	Impax Laboratories, LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03462043	Apr → Nov 2018	Parkinson disease	NeuroDerm Ltd.	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02799381	Feb 2017 → Sep 2019	Parkinson disease	AbbVie	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02615873	Jul 2016 → Dec 2019	Parkinson disease	Intec Pharma Ltd.	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02605434	Mar 2016 → Jul 2019	Parkinson disease	Intec Pharma Ltd.	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02352363	Mar 2015 → May 2017	Parkinson disease	Acorda Therapeutics	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02242487	Mar 2015 → May 2018	Parkinson disease	Acorda Therapeutics	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02240030	Nov 2014 → Dec 2016	Parkinson disease	Acorda Therapeutics	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02082249	Mar 2014 → Oct 2019	Parkinson disease	AbbVie	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02073773	Jan 2014 → Nov 2015	ischemic stroke	Singapore General Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01736176	Mar 2013 → Mar 2015	Parkinson disease	AbbVie	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00974974	Sep 2009 → Jan 2011	Parkinson disease	Impax Laboratories, LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00134966	Aug 2005 → Sep 2007	Parkinson disease	Novartis	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00139880	Jun → Aug 2005	Parkinson disease	UCB Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00144209	Feb 2003 → Feb 2005	restless legs syndrome	Boehringer Ingelheim	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00625547	Jan 2003 → Dec 2004	restless legs syndrome	Pfizer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00004733	Jan 1998 → Feb 2004	Parkinson disease	National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 429 trials
Phase 4	NCT06765668	Feb → Nov 2025 overdue	Parkinson disease	Impax Laboratories, LLC	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06075771	Nov 2023 → Jan 2027 expected	atypical depressive disorder, depressive disorder	Emory University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06236230	Nov 2023 → Jun 2024	Parkinson disease	Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06013956	Aug 2023 → Jun 2028 expected	Parkinson disease	David Escobar	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04742348	Feb → Aug 2023	alcohol-related disorders	University of Washington	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04990284	Nov 2021 → Apr 2023	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06234995	Aug 2021 → Jul 2026 overdue	Parkinson disease	Emory University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04723147	Jan 2021 → Oct 2023	atypical depressive disorder, depressive disorder	Emory University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04821830	Feb 2020 → Apr 2024	Parkinson disease	University of Michigan	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03761030	Jan 2019 → Sep 2021	dysthymic disorder, major depressive disorder	New York State Psychiatric Institute	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04968613	Jan 2018 → Dec 2021	Parkinson disease, cognitive disorder	Peking University Third Hospital	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03111485	May 2017 → Oct 2022	Parkinson disease, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome	McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02744391	Aug 2016 → Sep 2018	dysthymic disorder, major depressive disorder	New York State Psychiatric Institute	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02769793	Jun 2015 → Aug 2018	Parkinson disease	Seoul National University Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01683253	Nov 2012 → Dec 2014	impulse control disorder	Sandoz	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01327261	Aug → Oct 2009	—	University of Buenos Aires	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00914134	Apr 2009 → Jan 2011	Parkinson disease	University of Helsinki	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00590122	Oct 2006 → Oct 2008	Parkinson disease	Baylor College of Medicine	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00141518	Mar 2006 → Mar 2011	Parkinson disease	AbbVie	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00306124	Jan 2006 → Mar 2008	Alzheimer disease, cognitive impairment with or without cerebellar ataxia	University Hospital Muenster	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00272688	Jan 2006 → May 2009	Parkinson disease	University Hospital, Akershus	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00126087	Jul 2005 → Dec 2007	stroke disorder	University Hospital Muenster	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00102869	Jan 2005 → Feb 2007	aphasia, stroke disorder	University Hospital Muenster	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00111371	Jan 2005 → Oct 2015	dyslexia	University Hospital Muenster	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00174239	Jul 2004 → Sep 2005	Parkinson disease	Pfizer	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00102284	Mar 2004 → Apr 2005	—	University Hospital Muenster	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00103805	Mar 2003 → Aug 2005	—	University Hospital Muenster	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00432393	Jun 2002 → Apr 2003	non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy	Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00812760	Oct 2001 → Oct 2003	retinal disorder	Medical University of Vienna	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase not applicable19 trials
—	NCT07647913	Sep 2026 → Sep 2027 expected	Parkinson disease	McMaster University	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07614126	Apr → Dec 2026 expected	CTNNB1-related neurodevelopmental disorder and/or vitreoretinopathy	University Hospital, Montpellier	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06365515	May 2024 → Dec 2025	menstrual disorder	University Hospital Tuebingen	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06034158	Sep 2023 → Mar 2024	—	Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05909267	Jul 2023 → Jul 2026 overdue	major depressive disorder	Charite University, Berlin, Germany	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT03665493	Sep 2020 → Jan 2023	Parkinson disease	Giovanni Mirabella	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05901350	Jun 2019 → Jun 2022	Parkinson disease, vision disorder	Qilu Hospital of Shandong University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06275633	Mar 2019 → Dec 2021	Parkinson disease, cognitive impairment with or without cerebellar ataxia, depressive disorder	University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT03891095	Dec 2018 → Jan 2019	—	Beijing Normal University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02785978	Jun 2016 → Jun 2017	Parkinson disease	Institut de Myologie, France	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01937169	Jan 2014 → Jan 2016	restless legs syndrome	Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT03235037	Nov 2013 → Feb 2019	Angelman syndrome	Bennett Lavenstein	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01577992	Dec 2011 → Jun 2013	multiple system atrophy	University Hospital, Toulouse	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01528592	Jun 2011 → Jul 2012	Parkinson disease	Northwestern University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01218425	Nov 2010 → Jun 2012	—	Maastricht University Medical Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00715520	Apr 2007 → Sep 2016	ischemic stroke	Emory University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00941265	Feb 2007 → Aug 2009	aphasia	University Hospital, Geneva	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00129181	Jan 2005 → Dec 2006	Parkinson disease	Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01044992	May 2002 → May 2005	multiple system atrophy	University Hospital, Toulouse	Completed	No outcome recorded

Also used as a comparator or background therapy in 88 trials

Phase	Registry id	Dates	Indication	Sponsor	Status	Outcome
Phase 01 trial
Phase 0	NCT03333369 Comparator	May 2014 → Aug 2015	schizotypal personality disorder	University of Zurich	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 110 trials
Phase 1	NCT04052776 Comparator	Sep 2020 → Oct 2023	spinal cord injury	Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03929068 Comparator	May 2019 → Jul 2022	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	Washington University School of Medicine	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03419806 Comparator	Feb 2018 → Mar 2020	Parkinson disease	Vastra Gotaland Region	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02116465 Comparator	Mar 2014	—	Desitin Arzneimittel GmbH	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01486628 Comparator	Apr → Nov 2012	Parkinson disease	NeuroDerm Ltd.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01070628 Comparator	Dec 2009 → Feb 2010	Parkinson disease	Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00845000 Background	Apr 2009 → Apr 2010	Parkinson disease	Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02169453 Background	Oct 2008 → Jan 2009	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00505843 Background	May 2007 → Feb 2008	Parkinson disease	Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02763852 Background	Apr → Jul 2001	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 1/25 trials
Phase 1/2	NCT07246278 Comparator	Nov 2025 → Nov 2026 expected	Parkinson disease	Tanta University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT05369533 Comparator	Aug 2022 → Mar 2024	stroke disorder	University of California, Los Angeles	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT03119636 Background	May 2017 → Nov 2018	Parkinson disease	Chinese Academy of Sciences	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT01484184 Comparator	Jul 2013 → Aug 2015	spinal cord injury	Nordic Life Science Pipeline Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT00914602 Comparator	May 2009 → Jan 2010	Parkinson disease	XenoPort, Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 232 trials
Phase 2	NCT07370532 Comparator	Jan 2026 → Nov 2027 expected	Parkinson disease	Ihab Elsayed Hassan	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT07001150 Comparator	May 2025 → May 2026 overdue	Parkinson disease	Tanta University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT06612593 Background	Oct 2024 → Oct 2025 overdue	Parkinson disease	Ain Shams University	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT05285683 Comparator	Jan 2024 → Dec 2027 expected	chronic pain syndrome	University of Rochester	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT05962957 Comparator	Aug 2023 → Sep 2024	Parkinson disease	Mostafa Bahaa	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT06614153 Comparator	May 2023 → Jan 2024	Parkinson disease	Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT05781711 Background	Jan 2023 → Jan 2025	Parkinson disease	Tanta University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03576638 Comparator	Jul 2018 → Jan 2019	Parkinson disease	Intec Pharma Ltd.	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03000569 Background	Nov 2016 → Sep 2017	Parkinson disease	Biogen	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02764125 Background	Apr 2016 → Mar 2018	Parkinson disease	Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02680977 Comparator	Feb → May 2016	Parkinson disease	ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02641054 Background	Feb 2016 → Jun 2017	Parkinson disease	CleveXel Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02763137 Comparator	Jul 2014 → Oct 2015	Parkinson disease	IRCCS San Raffaele Roma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02116790 Comparator	May 2014 → Jan 2015	—	Northwestern University	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01617135 Comparator	May → Nov 2012	Parkinson disease	Acorda Therapeutics	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01176435 Comparator	Sep 2010 → Dec 2014	albinism	University of Minnesota	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01092065 Background	Mar 2010 → Jul 2011	Parkinson disease	Novartis	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01568034 Background	Apr 2009 → Feb 2010	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00789672 Comparator	Jan → Sep 2009	amblyopia	Jaeb Center for Health Research	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00537017 Background	Nov 2007 → Nov 2009	Parkinson disease, movement disorder, neurodegenerative disease	Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00558337 Comparator	Nov 2007 → Dec 2008	Parkinson disease	Osmotica Pharmaceutical US LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00406029 Background	Nov 2006 → Oct 2008	Parkinson disease, movement disorder, neurodegenerative disease	Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03103399 Background	Sep 2006 → Sep 2007	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00108667 Background	Apr 2005 → Feb 2006	Parkinson disease	National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02834507 Background	Mar → Nov 2005	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00089622 Background	Aug 2004 → Mar 2007	Parkinson disease	National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00086294 Background	Jun 2004 → Nov 2007	Parkinson disease, drug-induced dyskinesia	National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00040209 Background	Jun 2002 → Jul 2005	Parkinson disease	National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00009048 Background	Jan 2001 → Dec 2003	Parkinson disease	National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00006337 Background	Oct 2000 → Jan 2002	Parkinson disease	National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00006077 Background	Aug 2000 → Jul 2003	Parkinson disease	National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01351168 Comparator	—	Parkinson disease	Rush University Medical Center	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded

Phase 2/39 trials
Phase 2/3	NCT07229664 Comparator	Nov 2025 → Nov 2026 expected	Parkinson disease	Tanta University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT07229651 Comparator	Nov 2025 → Nov 2026 expected	Parkinson disease	Tanta University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT06785298 Comparator	Dec 2024 → Dec 2026 expected	Parkinson disease	Tanta University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT06113640 Comparator	Nov 2023 → Nov 2026 expected	Parkinson disease	Mostafa Bahaa	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT05001217 Background	Jan 2022 → Dec 2023	Parkinson disease	Hong Kong Baptist University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT04000919 Comparator	Jun 2019 → Jun 2023	spinal cord injury	Jessica M D'Amico	Suspended	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT02601586 Comparator	Sep 2016 → Nov 2020	Parkinson disease	University Hospital, Toulouse	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT01283594 Background	Mar 2011 → Oct 2012	Parkinson disease	Biotie Therapies Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT01429077 Comparator	Oct 2007 → Mar 2012	aphasia, stroke disorder	Shirley Ryan AbilityLab	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 310 trials
Phase 3	NCT03735901 Comparator	Jun 2019 → Aug 2024 overdue	stroke disorder	University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01646255 Background	Jul 2012 → Oct 2014	Parkinson disease	UCB Pharma	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01504178 Comparator	May 2011 → Dec 2015	Parkinson disease	University Hospital, Toulouse	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01568073 Background	Mar 2011 → Nov 2013	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01227655 Background	Mar 2011 → Jul 2012	Parkinson disease	Bial - Portela C S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01190813 Comparator	Sep 2010 → Jan 2014	amblyopia	Jaeb Center for Health Research	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00660387 Comparator	Dec 2009 → Oct 2011	Parkinson disease	AbbVie	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00357994 Comparator	Jan 2009 → Oct 2011	Parkinson disease	AbbVie	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00406588 Background	Mar 2007 → Apr 2008	Parkinson disease	Solvay Pharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00099268 Comparator	Sep 2004 → Nov 2008	Parkinson disease	Novartis Pharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 417 trials
Phase 4	NCT06316232 Comparator	Oct 2023 → Dec 2026 expected	Parkinson disease, primary progressive freezing gait	IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02560389 Comparator	Mar 2016 → May 2018	post-traumatic stress disorder	University of Wisconsin, Madison	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02513485 Comparator	Oct 2015 → Feb 2020	major depressive disorder	Emory University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02346630 Comparator	Mar 2015 → Mar 2017	stroke disorder	Ross D. Zafonte, MD	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01951105 Comparator	Feb 2015 → Sep 2017	subacute bursitis	Northwestern University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02480803 Comparator	Dec 2014 → Dec 2021	Parkinson disease	Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01770145 Background	Dec 2012 → Apr 2014	Parkinson disease, akinetopsia, movement disorder	Supernus Pharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01494532 Background	Apr 2012 → Nov 2014	Parkinson disease	GlaxoSmithKline	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01361373 Comparator	May 2010 → May 2012	dystonic disorder	Shaare Zedek Medical Center	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00642356 Background	Mar 2008 → May 2009	Parkinson disease	Novartis	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00485069 Background	Jun 2007 → Dec 2009	Parkinson disease	GlaxoSmithKline	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00399477 Background	Oct 2006 → Jul 2007	Parkinson disease	Teva Neuroscience, Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00373087 Background	Oct 2006 → Nov 2009	Parkinson disease	Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00391898 Background	Oct 2006 → Jun 2008	Parkinson disease	Novartis	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00143026 Background	Jul 2005 → Jun 2006	Parkinson disease	Novartis	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00153972 Comparator	Feb 2005 → Sep 2008	Parkinson disease	Technical University Dresden	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00219284 Background	Jan 2005 → Jul 2008	Parkinson disease	Novartis Pharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase not applicable4 trials
—	NCT06432309 Background	Jul 2022 → Dec 2023	Parkinson disease	University Hospital of Ferrara	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT04590612 Comparator	Jan 2021 → Jan 2022	Parkinson disease, depressive disorder	Western University, Canada	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT04054960 Comparator	Sep 2019 → Sep 2021	Parkinson disease	Western University, Canada	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01470859 Comparator	Dec 2011 → Aug 2014	Parkinson disease	Huashan Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded

Press releases naming this drug 5 releases

Date	Issuer	Release
2021-10-28	AbbVie	AbbVie Announces ABBV-951 (Foslevodopa/Foscarbidopa) Showed Improvement in Controlling Motor Fluctuations Compared to Oral Levodopa/Carbidopa Medication in Pivotal Phase 3 Trial in Patients with Advanced Parkinson's Disease abbvie.com ↗
2019-09-23	AbbVie	AbbVie to Present New and Updated Data From 22 Abstracts, Including Two Late-Breaking Abstracts for ABBV-951 and DUODOPA® (levodopa/carbidopa intestinal gel), at the International Congress of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders® abbvie.com ↗
2015-06-12	AbbVie	AbbVie to Present Data from Studies of DUOPA® (carbidopa and levodopa) Enteral Suspension in Advanced Parkinson's Disease During the International Congress of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders abbvie.com ↗
2015-01-12	AbbVie	AbbVie Announces U.S. FDA Approval of DUOPA™ (carbidopa and levodopa) Enteral Suspension for the Treatment of Motor Fluctuations in Patients with Advanced Parkinson's Disease abbvie.com ↗
2003-01-06	Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc.	Teva & Lundbeck Announce Phase III Trials Did Not Demonstrate Etilevodopa Superiority Over Standard Levodopa tevapharm.com ↗

Evidence & citations 48 cited values

Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 250 sources stand behind the page.

Field	Value	Cited text
Known as	levodopa	“Those assigned to L-DOPA will begin taking 37.5mg carbidopa/150 mg levodopa once daily (with placebo twice daily) for one week, then increase to 75mg carbidopa/300mg levodopa...” NCT03761030 ↗ 180 “The goal of this multicentric prospective randomized controlled clinical and economic study is to investigate the effectiveness and cost-utility of long-term continuous...” NCT01291537 ↗ “To test whether Parcopa, a new Orally Disintegrating Tablet of Carbidopa-Levodopa, has a faster onset of action, changes in the UPDRS Motor Exam score at intervals after a...” NCT00139880 ↗ “first-morning dose of levodopa medicament (levodopa, dopamine agonists, anticholinergic drugs, or a combination of levodopa and an anticholinergic drug) which normally allowed...” NCT03665493 ↗ “Battery of medications provided through a 12-week schedule including: Minocycline, Lamotrigine, Flumazenil, Modafinil, Bromocriptine, Donepezil, Methylphenidate, Methyl B12,...” NCT02696512 ↗ “The drug Levodopa (L-DOPA), which can replace missing dopamine in the brain, has been used to treat to treat Parkinson's disease for many decades, and it might also affect...” NCT06626152 ↗ “CREXONT ER capsules will contain Carbidopa (CD)/Levodopa (LD) 35.0 milligrams (mg)/140 mg and/or CD/LD 52.5 mg/210.0 mg and/or CD/LD 70.0 mg/280 mg and/or CD/LD 87.5 mg/350 mg.” NCT06765668 ↗ “Levodopa inhalation powder, will be supplied in capsules containing levodopa (l-dopa), designed to deliver to the lung using the CVT-301 inhaler.” NCT02633839 ↗ “Patients received 3 doses of levodopa (100mg of levodopa plus 25mg of carbidopa) or placebo before 1 session of procedural motor learning.” PMID 18760148 ↗ Sep 2008 “Intermittent Oral Administration vs. Semi-continuous Intra-oral Administration of Levodopa/Carbidopa in Fluctuating Parkinsonian Patients” NCT02763137 ↗ “1 capsule of Madopar® HBS 125 (levodopa 100 mg / benserazide 25 mg) in an open label manner, concomitantly with BIA 6-512/Placebo.” NCT03091543 ↗ “It includes Levodopa with a dose of 375 to 1000mg daily and Dopamine agonists with a dose of 1.5 to 5 mg daily.” NCT06612593 ↗ “Levodopa/benserazide immediate release tablets 200mg/50mg \[to be taken orally, with 240 mL of potable water\]” NCT03094156 ↗ “Levodopa 100 mg/benserazide 25 mg capsules (Madopar® 125, marketed by Roche products Limited); oral route.” NCT02763852 ↗ “Levodopa, dopamine agonist, Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors, Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors, etc.” NCT05001217 ↗ “L-dopa (levodopa), used in dopaminergic disorders, has shown beneficial effects in a CTNNB1 patient.” NCT07614126 ↗ “The most effective treatment for PD is the drug levo-dopa, which partially replaces brain dopamine.” NCT04821830 ↗ “TRIGEL, intestinal gel (20 mg/mL levodopa, 5 mg/mL carbidopa monohydrate, and 20 mg/mL entacapone).” NCT02448914 ↗ “Sinemet CR (25 mg carbidopa/100 mg levodopa) will be taken by mouth twice daily for two weeks.” NCT02706977 ↗ “a single-dose of immediate-release levodopa/benserazide 100/25 mg (Prolopa® 100-25)” NCT02169895 ↗ “IPX203 contains two different drugs called levodopa and carbidopa in one capsule.” NCT02271503 ↗ “IPX054 contains two different drugs called levodopa and carbidopa in one tablet.” NCT00239564 ↗ “IPX054 contains two different drugs called levodopa and carbidopa in one tablet.” NCT00253084 ↗ “Supplied as 2 over-encapsulated pills (25 mg carbidopa / 100 mg levodopa each).” NCT05708274 ↗ “Safety and efficacy of CVT-301 (levodopa inhalation powder) on motor function” PMID 30663606 ↗ Feb 2019 “levodopa and carbidopa solution for subcutaneous administration” NCT01486628 ↗ “Sinemet® CR 200/50 (levodopa 200 mg / carbidopa 50 mg) tablets” NCT02774564 ↗ “Levodopa/benserazide immediate release tablets 200mg/50mg.” NCT03097211 ↗ “Long-acting levodopa: levodopa 200mg/ carbidopa 50mg” NCT03111485 ↗ “Sinemet CR 250' (Levodopa 200mg, and 50mg carbidopa)” NCT01470859 ↗ “WD-1603 extended-release carbidopa/levodopa tablets” NCT04553978 ↗ “Single oral dose of Carbidopa/Levodopa 25 mg/100 mg” NCT03887884 ↗ “a Liquid Formulation of Levodopa/Carbidopa (LD/CD)” NCT02096601 ↗ “Levodopa 100 mg/carbidopa 25 mg (Sinemet 25/100” NCT02763839 ↗ “72.5mg carbidopa (CD) and 230mg levodopa (LD)” NCT01515410 ↗ “Accordion Pill Carbidopa/Levodopa (AP-CD/LD)” NCT00947037 ↗ “administration of a 2x levodopa morning dose” NCT06316232 ↗ “Carbidopa-Levodopa Enteral Suspension.” NCT03462043 ↗ “CVT-301 (levodopa inhalation powder)” NCT02633007 ↗ “CVT-301 (Levodopa Inhalation Powder)” NCT02812394 ↗ “25 mg carbidopa/100 mg levodopa” NCT05132660 ↗ “levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone” NCT02764125 ↗ “Levodopa plus Benserazide” NCT02680977 ↗ “CVT-301 levodopa (l-dopa)” NCT02807675 ↗ “Carbidopa / Levodopa” NCT00914602 ↗ NCT04513340 ↗ NCT00789672 ↗ NCT01026428 ↗ NCT02577523 ↗ NCT04723147 ↗ NCT00076674 ↗ NCT00004733 ↗ NCT00006337 ↗ NCT00625547 ↗ NCT04052776 ↗ NCT03103399 ↗ NCT00914134 ↗ NCT07442591 ↗ NCT00013624 ↗ NCT05487300 ↗ NCT01736176 ↗ NCT00089622 ↗ NCT00642356 ↗ NCT01479127 ↗ NCT00558337 ↗ NCT03735901 ↗ NCT04054960 ↗ NCT04821830 ↗ NCT00174239 ↗ NCT05250141 ↗ NCT00713583 ↗ NCT01176435 ↗ NCT06365515 ↗ NCT07246278 ↗ NCT01283594 ↗ NCT00103805 ↗ NCT06831500 ↗ NCT01468012 ↗ NCT06075771 ↗ NCT00693862 ↗ NCT02744391 ↗ NCT00102869 ↗ NCT02073773 ↗ NCT05471609 ↗ NCT00096720 ↗ NCT03496870 ↗ NCT00143026 ↗ NCT02641054 ↗ NCT00845000 ↗ NCT02554734 ↗ NCT00634556 ↗ NCT02080819 ↗ NCT01663935 ↗ NCT06037590 ↗ NCT02785978 ↗ NCT01281475 ↗ NCT05036473 ↗ NCT04742348 ↗ NCT01937169 ↗ NCT02513485 ↗ NCT00108667 ↗ NCT07229664 ↗ NCT02346630 ↗ NCT07001150 ↗ NCT01044992 ↗ NCT00009048 ↗ NCT00153972 ↗ NCT03000569 ↗ NCT01577992 ↗ NCT01327261 ↗ NCT00941265 ↗ NCT05781711 ↗ NCT02615873 ↗ NCT03022318 ↗ NCT01683253 ↗ NCT01218425 ↗ NCT06275633 ↗ NCT00006077 ↗ NCT02116465 ↗ NCT00218023 ↗ NCT06234995 ↗ NCT07444892 ↗ NCT02769793 ↗ NCT07647913 ↗ NCT00272688 ↗ NCT06236230 ↗ NCT01484990 ↗ NCT06113640 ↗ NCT03929068 ↗ NCT06013956 ↗ NCT00918177 ↗ NCT00129181 ↗ NCT01190813 ↗ NCT01227655 ↗ NCT02605434 ↗ NCT05901350 ↗ NCT00144209 ↗ NCT04590612 ↗ NCT02486432 ↗ NCT03205956 ↗ NCT00812760 ↗ NCT01429077 ↗ NCT01568047 ↗ NCT04379050 ↗ NCT03333369 ↗ NCT00099268 ↗ NCT00086294 ↗ NCT01568034 ↗ NCT00102284 ↗ NCT03119636 ↗ NCT07229651 ↗ NCT00357994 ↗ NCT01951105 ↗ NCT00134966 ↗ NCT03197493 ↗ NCT00399477 ↗ NCT00040209 ↗ NCT02778594 ↗ NCT01519284 ↗ NCT02312232 ↗ NCT06785298 ↗ NCT05128175 ↗ NCT01568073 ↗ NCT02560389 ↗ NCT02601586 ↗ NCT03055936 ↗ NCT06614153 ↗ NCT00219284 ↗ NCT00218075 ↗ NCT00111371 ↗ NCT01351168 ↗ NCT03140956 ↗ NCT00406588 ↗ NCT00505843 ↗ NCT00391898 ↗ NCT04591535 ↗ NCT02873351 ↗ NCT04778176 ↗ NCT03235037 ↗ NCT01484184 ↗ NCT00306124 ↗
Known as	3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine	“Here we show that, during instrumental learning, the magnitude of reward prediction error expressed in the striatum is modulated by the administration of drugs enhancing...” PMID 16929307 ↗ Aug 2006
Known as	ABT-SLV187	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT01479127 ↗ 1 NCT02082249 ↗
Known as	Bendopa	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	Brocadopa	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	carbidopa/levodopa	“An Open Label Phase 2 Study to Assess the Pharmacokinetics of the Accordion Pill Carbidopa-Levodopa Compared to Immediate Release Carbidopa-Levodopa in Patients With Parkinson's Disease” NCT03576638 ↗ 16 “OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of IPX203 vs immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa in patients with Parkinson disease who are experiencing motor fluctuations.” PMID 37578800 ↗ Oct 2023 “oral administration of pro-dopaminergic medications carbidopa/levodopa (CD/LD) and methylphenidate will modulate the brain signature of chronic pain” NCT05285683 ↗ “BACKGROUND: IPX066 is an extended-release (ER) oral formulation of carbidopa-levodopa (CD-LD).” PMID 30425824 ↗ Oct 2018 “experimental drug product: extended-release carbidopa-levodopa capsules” NCT00869791 ↗ “Carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet)at subjects current stable dose” NCT00590122 ↗ NCT03023059 ↗ NCT06219915 ↗ NCT03451500 ↗ NCT05962957 ↗ NCT00715520 ↗ NCT05087914 ↗ NCT06587217 ↗ NCT05463367 ↗ NCT01528592 ↗ NCT05285683 ↗ NCT03761004 ↗
Known as	CD-LD IR	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT00279825 ↗
Known as	CD/LD	“oral administration of pro-dopaminergic medications carbidopa/levodopa (CD/LD) and methylphenidate will modulate the brain signature of chronic pain” NCT05285683 ↗ 1 “BACKGROUND: IPX066 is an extended-release (ER) oral formulation of carbidopa-levodopa (CD-LD).” PMID 30425824 ↗ Oct 2018
Known as	CVT-301	“A Study to Compare Two Dose Strengths of CVT-301 (Levodopa Inhalation Powder) With an Oral Dose of Sinemet® (Carbidopa-levodopa) Tablets” NCT02812394 ↗ 8 “Safety and efficacy of CVT-301 (levodopa inhalation powder) on motor function” PMID 30663606 ↗ Feb 2019 “CVT-301 levodopa (l-dopa)” NCT02807675 ↗ NCT01777555 ↗ NCT02633007 ↗ NCT02242487 ↗ NCT01617135 ↗ NCT02352363 ↗ NCT03887884 ↗
Known as	Dopar	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	DUODOPA	“The goal of this multicentric prospective randomized controlled clinical and economic study is to investigate the effectiveness and cost-utility of long-term continuous...” NCT01291537 ↗ 2 NCT03419806 ↗ NCT06432309 ↗
Known as	DUOPA (carbidopa and levodopa Enteral Suspension)	“DUOPA™ (carbidopa and levodopa Enteral Suspension)” NCT00141518 ↗
Known as	Inbrija	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	IPX066	“BACKGROUND: IPX066 is an extended-release (ER) oral formulation of carbidopa-levodopa (CD-LD).” PMID 30425824 ↗ Oct 2018
Known as	IR CD-LD	“Two-phase 3 studies of ER CD-LD vs. immediate-release (IR) CD-LD (ADVANCE-PD) and vs. CD-LD + entacapone (CLE; ASCEND-PD) in subjects with advanced PD included a 6-week,...” PMID 30425824 ↗ Oct 2018
Known as	L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine	“187.5 mg Madopar (L-DOPA treatment, including 150 mg L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, together with 37.5 mg benserazide, which promotes higher levels of dopamine in the brain...” NCT03891095 ↗ 1 “The Effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) Supplementation on Central Nervous System Excitability and Motor Function in Individuals...” NCT04000919 ↗
Known as	L-DOPA	“Those assigned to L-DOPA will begin taking 37.5mg carbidopa/150 mg levodopa once daily (with placebo twice daily) for one week, then increase to 75mg carbidopa/300mg levodopa...” NCT03761030 ↗ 31 “The drug Levodopa (L-DOPA), which can replace missing dopamine in the brain, has been used to treat to treat Parkinson's disease for many decades, and it might also affect...” NCT06626152 ↗ “This is a monocentric randomized blinded cross-over study comparing acute challenge of L-dopa + placebo versus L-dopa + 200 mg entacapone, in Parkinson's disease patients with...” NCT00373087 ↗ “Levodopa inhalation powder, will be supplied in capsules containing levodopa (l-dopa), designed to deliver to the lung using the CVT-301 inhaler.” NCT02633839 ↗ “The purpose of this study is to investigate a new use for a medication called levodopa (L-DOPA).” NCT02560389 ↗ “a dopamine precursor L-Dopa to increase CNS dopamine transmission.” NCT03754062 ↗ “Trial of L-DOPA as a Treatment to Improve Vision in Albinism” NCT01176435 ↗ “L-DOPA/carbidopa (50-200 mg L-DOPA/50 mg carbidopa)” NCT04000919 ↗ “Ropinirole as adjunctive therapy with L-dopa” NCT01494532 ↗ “CVT-301 levodopa (l-dopa)” NCT02807675 ↗ NCT04558112 ↗ NCT03243552 ↗ NCT01361373 ↗ NCT01437293 ↗ NCT01770145 ↗ NCT05909267 ↗ NCT04990284 ↗ NCT00537017 ↗ NCT01646255 ↗ NCT07614126 ↗ NCT01504178 ↗ NCT00485069 ↗ NCT01092065 ↗ NCT03541356 ↗ NCT00406029 ↗ NCT04469959 ↗ NCT03754062 ↗ NCT07370532 ↗ NCT03891095 ↗ NCT04244058 ↗ NCT00200447 ↗ NCT02347059 ↗
Known as	Larodopa	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	LCIG	“Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) - under the name of Duodopa® - is delivered directly to the proximal jejunum via a tube connected to a portable infusion pump.” NCT03419806 ↗ 1 “Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel (LCIG)” NCT02799381 ↗
Known as	Levodopa component of /carbidopa/entacapone orion	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	Levodopa component of carbilev	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	Levodopa component of corbilta	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	Levodopa component of crexont	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	Levodopa component of dhivy	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	Levodopa component of dopasnap	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	Levodopa component of duopa	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	Levodopa component of ipx-203	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	Levodopa component of parcopa	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	Levodopa component of rytary	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	Levodopa component of sinemet	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	Levodopa component of stalevo	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	Levodopa Cyclops	“PureIMS is developing a drug-device combination product called Levodopa Cyclops®, a pre-filled drug-device combination of levodopa inhalation powder for use with the Cyclops®...” NCT06037590 ↗
Known as	Levodopa-carbidopa	“Participants were then randomly assigned (1:1) to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with their optimised regimen of either subcutaneous ND0612 or oral levodopa-carbidopa, with...” PMID 38499015 ↗ Mar 2024 6 NCT00141518 ↗ NCT00660387 ↗ NCT02837640 ↗ NCT00432393 ↗ NCT02480803 ↗ NCT02799381 ↗
Known as	Levodopum	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	LIP	“CVT-301, levodopa inhalation powder (LIP)” NCT02807675 ↗
Known as	madopar	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT06034158 ↗ 2 NCT06729658 ↗ NCT04968613 ↗
Known as	melevodopa/carbidopa	“the effervescent tablet of melevodopa/carbidopa (V1512; Sirio) compared with standard-release” PMID 26171276 ↗ Jun 2015
Known as	NSC-118381	ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1009 ↗
Known as	Sinemet	“Carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet)at subjects current stable dose” NCT00590122 ↗ 11 “Immediate release CD/LD (Sinemet)” NCT03576638 ↗ “levodopa (Sinemet)” NCT00006337 ↗ NCT02834507 ↗ NCT05369533 ↗ NCT01070628 ↗ NCT02169453 ↗ NCT01617135 ↗ NCT03007888 ↗ NCT01171313 ↗ NCT02116790 ↗ NCT01533077 ↗
Known as	Sirio	“the effervescent tablet of melevodopa/carbidopa (V1512; Sirio) compared with standard-release” PMID 26171276 ↗ Jun 2015
Known as	V1512	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT00491998 ↗
Action	Activate	“L-DOPA was the natural ligand or stimulator of GPR143” NCT02873351 ↗ 1 “Dopamine D3 receptor agonist” CHEMBL1009 ↗
Modality	Peptide	“L-DOPA, a neuropeptide” NCT03891095 ↗
Modality	Small molecule	— CHEMBL1009 ↗
Route	Intravenous	“Patients will stop taking their usual oral levodopa medicine and instead will have levodopa infused through a vein for up to 12 hours” NCT00006077 ↗
Route	Oral	“Patients will stop taking their usual oral levodopa medicine and instead will have levodopa infused through a vein for up to 12 hours” NCT00006077 ↗
Target	DRD3	“Dopamine D3 receptor agonist” CHEMBL1009 ↗
Target	GPR143	“L-DOPA binds to GPR143 in the retinal pigment epithelium” NCT02873351 ↗