drugset / Trial / NCT00000620
Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD)
Phase 3
Completed
10251 enrolled
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · collabNational Eye Institute (NEI) · collabNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) · collabNational Institute on Aging (NIA) · collab
RandomizedFactorialOpen-labelPrevention
Summary
The purpose of this study is to prevent major cardiovascular events (heart attack, stroke, or cardiovascular death) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus using intensive glycemic control, intensive blood pressure control, and multiple lipid management.
Timeline
- Start
- 1999-09
- Primary completion
- 2009-06
- Completion
- 2012-12
Outcome
Missed primary endpoint
registry p = 0.12; Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.91 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.03) NCT00000620 ↗
registry p = 0.20; Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.88 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.06) NCT00000620 ↗
registry p = 0.32; Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.92 (95% CI 0.79 to 1.08) NCT00000620 ↗
Publications
- Background Cushman WC, Grimm RH Jr, Cutler JA, Evans GW, Capes S, Corson MA, Sadler LS, Alderman MH, Peterson K, Bertoni A, Basile JN; ACCORD Study Group. Rationale and design for the blood pressure intervention of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Jun 18;99(12A):44i-55i. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.005. Epub 2007 Apr 16.
- Background Williamson JD, Miller ME, Bryan RN, Lazar RM, Coker LH, Johnson J, Cukierman T, Horowitz KR, Murray A, Launer LJ; ACCORD Study Group. The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Memory in Diabetes Study (ACCORD-MIND): rationale, design, and methods. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Jun 18;99(12A):112i-122i. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.029. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
- Background Sullivan MD, Anderson RT, Aron D, Atkinson HH, Bastien A, Chen GJ, Feeney P, Gafni A, Hwang W, Katz LA, Narayan KM, Nwachuku C, O'Connor PJ, Zhang P; ACCORD Study Group. Health-related quality of life and cost-effectiveness components of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial: rationale and design. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Jun 18;99(12A):90i-102i. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.027. Epub 2007 Apr 13.
- Background Bonds DE, Kurashige EM, Bergenstal R, Brillon D, Domanski M, Felicetta JV, Fonseca VA, Hall K, Hramiak I, Miller ME, Osei K, Simons-Morton DG; ACCORD Study Group. Severe hypoglycemia monitoring and risk management procedures in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Jun 18;99(12A):80i-89i. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.026. Epub 2007 Apr 17.
- Background Kingry C, Bastien A, Booth G, Geraci TS, Kirpach BR, Lovato LC, Margolis KL, Rosenberg Y, Sperl-Hillen JM, Vargo L, Williamson JD, Probstfield JL; ACCORD Study Group. Recruitment strategies in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Jun 18;99(12A):68i-79i. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.025. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
- Background Ginsberg HN, Bonds DE, Lovato LC, Crouse JR, Elam MB, Linz PE, O'connor PJ, Leiter LA, Weiss D, Lipkin E, Fleg JL; ACCORD Study Group. Evolution of the lipid trial protocol of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Jun 18;99(12A):56i-67i. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.024. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
- Background Goff DC Jr, Gerstein HC, Ginsberg HN, Cushman WC, Margolis KL, Byington RP, Buse JB, Genuth S, Probstfield JL, Simons-Morton DG; ACCORD Study Group. Prevention of cardiovascular disease in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus: current knowledge and rationale for the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Jun 18;99(12A):4i-20i. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.002. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
- Background Gerstein HC, Riddle MC, Kendall DM, Cohen RM, Goland R, Feinglos MN, Kirk JK, Hamilton BP, Ismail-Beigi F, Feeney P; ACCORD Study Group. Glycemia treatment strategies in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Jun 18;99(12A):34i-43i. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.004. Epub 2007 Apr 19.
- Background ACCORD Study Group; Buse JB, Bigger JT, Byington RP, Cooper LS, Cushman WC, Friedewald WT, Genuth S, Gerstein HC, Ginsberg HN, Goff DC Jr, Grimm RH Jr, Margolis KL, Probstfield JL, Simons-Morton DG, Sullivan MD. Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial: design and methods. Am J Cardiol. 2007 Jun 18;99(12A):21i-33i. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.003. Epub 2007 Apr 16.
- Background Chew EY, Ambrosius WT, Howard LT, Greven CM, Johnson S, Danis RP, Davis MD, Genuth S, Domanski M; ACCORD Study Group. Rationale, design, and methods of the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Eye Study (ACCORD-EYE). Am J Cardiol. 2007 Jun 18;99(12A):103i-111i. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.03.028. Epub 2007 Apr 13.
- Results Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group; Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, Goff DC Jr, Bigger JT, Buse JB, Cushman WC, Genuth S, Ismail-Beigi F, Grimm RH Jr, Probstfield JL, Simons-Morton DG, Friedewald WT. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 12;358(24):2545-59. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0802743. Epub 2008 Jun 6.
- Chlebek C, Bussberg V, Narain NR, Kiebish MA, Tseng YH, Rosen CJ, Lynes MD. Baseline serum metabolites predict fractures in individuals who were Black and had type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2026 Jun 2;17:1777636. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2026.1777636. eCollection 2026.
- Liu Y, Lyu Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Song Z, Chen K, Jiang Z, Yan H, Chen T, Li C. Individual participant-level analysis of four randomized clinical trials examined therapeutic effects of blood pressure lowering on hierarchical kidney outcome using win statistics. Kidney Int. 2026 Jul;110(1):178-189. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2026.02.032. Epub 2026 Mar 26.
- Liu M, Pei J, Zeng C, Xin Y, Tang P, Tang L, Hu X. BRI shows stronger association than BMI for MACE in patients with T2DM: insights from the ACCORD study. Front Nutr. 2025 Dec 12;12:1720948. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1720948. eCollection 2025.
- Liu M, Pei J, Zeng C, Xin Y, Tang P, Hu X. Associations and predictive value of weight-adjusted waist index for cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: evidence from the ACCORD study. Nutr J. 2025 Dec 17;24(1):184. doi: 10.1186/s12937-025-01251-0.
- Lavallee SK, Carew AS, Warren RA, Sapp JL, Levy AP, Andreou P, Herman CR, Rimm EB, Cahill LE. Haptoglobin Phenotype and Cardiovascular Risk: The ACCORD Blood Pressure RCT. Hypertension. 2026 Jan;83(1):189-198. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.125.25021. Epub 2025 Nov 11.
- Sano Y, Jin R, Yoshioka H, Nakazato Y, Sato H, Hisaka A. Development of a Novel Machine Learning Method for Estimation of Life-Long Chronic Disease Progression and Its Application to Type 2 Diabetes. Clin Transl Sci. 2025 Oct;18(10):e70351. doi: 10.1111/cts.70351.
- Wang J, Lv W, Wang Z, Li S, Wang Z, Zhou L, Wang Y, Ren L, Jiang C, He L, Xia S, Kong X, Zuo S, Kong Y, Guo X, Liu X, Li S, Tang R, Long D, Sang C, Zhou N, Du X, Dong J, Ma C. Orthostatic Systolic Blood Pressure Elevation and Incident Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the SPRINT Trial. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2025 Aug;27(8):e70122. doi: 10.1111/jch.70122.
- Wang Z, Wang J, He L, Jiang C, Wang Y, Shen T, Zhao M, Li E, Zhou N, Sang C, Du X, Dong J, Ma C. Intensive Blood Pressure Control in Patients With Diabetes and Previous Stroke: A Post-Hoc Analysis of ACCORD-BP Trial. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2025 Jul;27(7):e70095. doi: 10.1111/jch.70095.
- Liu M, Pei J, Zeng C, Xin Y, Tang P, Hu X. Association and predictive value of the triglyceride glucose-weight adjusted waist index for cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 8;15(1):24573. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-08580-4.
- Yang Y, Xing Z. Depressive Symptoms and Metabolic Dysregulation Control: A Closer Look at Control Challenges in T2DM Patients. Depress Anxiety. 2024 Sep 27;2024:7115559. doi: 10.1155/2024/7115559. eCollection 2024.
- Cheng Y, Zhu XB, Xu YL, Zou J, Huang W, Tian J, Sheng CS. Time in target range of systolic blood pressure and eGFR slope in patients with type 2 diabetes. Hypertens Res. 2025 May;48(5):1787-1798. doi: 10.1038/s41440-025-02173-4. Epub 2025 Mar 10.
- Huang Q, Nan W, He B, Xing Z, Peng Z. Association of baseline and trajectory of triglyceride-glucose index with the incidence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2025 Feb 7;24(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s12933-025-02622-x.
- Li S, Lin L, Chen X, Liu S, Gao M, Cheng X, Li C. Association between body fat variation rate and risk of diabetic nephropathy - a posthoc analysis based on ACCORD database. BMC Public Health. 2024 Oct 14;24(1):2805. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20317-y.
- Kazibwe R, Singleton M, Bancks MP, Namutebi J, Hammoud A, Shapiro M, Yeboah J. Efficacy of Aspirin for primary prevention among adults with high-risk type 2 diabetes in the ACCORD trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024 Sep;26(9):4011-4018. doi: 10.1111/dom.15753. Epub 2024 Jul 10.
- Zhang W, Huang Y, Zhou Z, Xie P, Zhuang X, Jiang J, Liao X. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy modified the association between obesity and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Endocrine. 2024 Sep;85(3):1213-1221. doi: 10.1007/s12020-024-03728-0. Epub 2024 Jun 21.
- Yang R, Jiang H, Xing Z, Ding H, Yin Z, Fu L, Tai S. Cumulative blood pressure predicts risk of stroke in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2024 Mar;18(3):102988. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102988. Epub 2024 Mar 15.
- Zhou Y, Chai X, Yang G, Sun X, Xing Z. Changes in body mass index and waist circumference and heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Dec 21;14:1305839. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1305839. eCollection 2023.
- Cromer SJ, Thaweethai T, Wexler DJ. Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in achievement of treatment goals within a clinical trial: a secondary analysis of the ACCORD trial. Diabetologia. 2023 Dec;66(12):2261-2274. doi: 10.1007/s00125-023-05997-2. Epub 2023 Sep 16.
- King JB, Berchie RO, Derington CG, Marcum ZA, Scharfstein DO, Greene TH, Herrick JS, Jacobs JA, Zheutlin AR, Bress AP, Cohen JB. New Users of Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker-Versus Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Based Antihypertensive Medication Regimens and Cardiovascular Disease Events: A Secondary Analysis of ACCORD-BP and SPRINT. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023 Sep 5;12(17):e030311. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.030311. Epub 2023 Aug 30.
- Kloecker DE, Davies MJ, Pitocco D, Khunti K, Zaccardi F. Intensive glucose control and recurrent cardiovascular events: 14-year follow-up investigation of the ACCORDION study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2023 Jul;39(5):e3634. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3634. Epub 2023 Apr 4.
- Zhou C, Zhang Y, Yang S, He P, Wu Q, Ye Z, Liu M, Zhang Y, Li R, Liu C, Jiang J, Hou FF, Nie J, Qin X. Associations between visceral adiposity index and incident nephropathy outcomes in diabetic patients: Insights from the ACCORD trial. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2023 Mar;39(3):e3602. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3602. Epub 2022 Dec 30.
- Tang X, Zhu Y, Xing Z. Predicted lean body mass, fat mass, and heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am Heart J. 2023 Mar;257:78-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.12.008. Epub 2022 Dec 14.
- Saiz LC, Gorricho J, Garjon J, Celaya MC, Erviti J, Leache L. Blood pressure targets for the treatment of people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Nov 18;11(11):CD010315. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010315.pub5.
- Xing Z, Long C, Hu X, Chai X. Obesity is associated with greater cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Oct 24;13:953826. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.953826. eCollection 2022.
- Long C, Tang Y, Huang J, Liu S, Xing Z. Association of long-term visit-to-visit variability of HbA1c and fasting glycemia with hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Aug 11;13:975468. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.975468. eCollection 2022.
- Tai S, Fu L, Zhang N, Yang R, Zhou Y, Xing Z, Wang Y, Zhou S. Association of the cumulative triglyceride-glucose index with major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022 Aug 23;21(1):161. doi: 10.1186/s12933-022-01599-1.
- Fu L, Tai S, Sun J, Zhang N, Zhou Y, Xing Z, Wang Y, Zhou S. Remnant Cholesterol and Its Visit-to-Visit Variability Predict Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From the ACCORD Cohort. Diabetes Care. 2022 Sep 1;45(9):2136-2143. doi: 10.2337/dc21-2511.
- Hukportie DN, Li FR, Zhou R, Zheng JZ, Wu XX, Zou MC, Wu XB. Lipid variability and risk of microvascular complications in Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial: A post hoc analysis. J Diabetes. 2022 Jun;14(6):365-376. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.13273. Epub 2022 Jun 6.
- Hukportie DN, Li FR, Zhou R, Zheng JZ, Wu XX, Wu XB. Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index Variability and Incident Diabetic Microvascular Complications: A Post Hoc Analysis of ACCORD Trial. Diabetes Metab J. 2022 Sep;46(5):767-780. doi: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0258. Epub 2022 May 10.
- Tai S, Fu L, Zhang N, Zhou Y, Xing Z, Wang Y. Impact of Baseline and Trajectory of Triglyceride-Glucose Index on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Mar 24;13:858209. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.858209. eCollection 2022.
- Kaze AD, Jaar BG, Fonarow GC, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB. Diabetic kidney disease and risk of incident stroke among adults with type 2 diabetes. BMC Med. 2022 Mar 29;20(1):127. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02317-0.
- Sheng CS, Miao Y, Ding L, Cheng Y, Wang D, Yang Y, Tian J. Prognostic significance of visit-to-visit variability, and maximum and minimum LDL cholesterol in diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis. 2022 Feb 10;21(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s12944-022-01628-8.
- Xing Z, Chai X. Changes in fat mass and lean body mass and outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Intern Emerg Med. 2022 Jun;17(4):1073-1080. doi: 10.1007/s11739-021-02916-4. Epub 2022 Feb 1.
- Kaze AD, Erqou S, Santhanam P, Bertoni AG, Ahima RS, Fonarow GC, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB. Variability of adiposity indices and incident heart failure among adults with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022 Feb 1;21(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s12933-021-01440-1.
- Warren RA, Carew AS, Andreou P, Herman C, Levy AP, Ginsberg HN, Sapp J, Rimm EB, Kirkland S, Cahill LE. Haptoglobin Phenotype Modifies the Effect of Fenofibrate on Risk of Coronary Event: ACCORD Lipid Trial. Diabetes Care. 2022 Jan 1;45(1):241-250. doi: 10.2337/dc21-1429.
- Hukportie DN, Li FR, Zhou R, Zou MC, Wu XX, Wu XB. Association of Predicted Lean Body Mass and Fat Mass With Incident Diabetic Nephropathy in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Post Hoc Analysis of ACCORD Trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Oct 27;12:719666. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.719666. eCollection 2021.
- Gao S, Zhang H, Long C, Xing Z. Association Between Obesity and Microvascular Diseases in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Oct 26;12:719515. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.719515. eCollection 2021.
- Fu L, Zhou Y, Sun J, Zhu Z, Xing Z, Zhou S, Wang Y, Tai S. Atherogenic index of plasma is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021 Oct 5;20(1):201. doi: 10.1186/s12933-021-01393-5.
- Shi S, Gouskova N, Najafzadeh M, Wei LJ, Kim DH. Intensive versus standard blood pressure control in type 2 diabetes: a restricted mean survival time analysis of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2021 Sep 13;11(9):e050335. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050335.
- Hukportie DN, Li FR, Zhou R, Zheng JZ, Wu XX, Wu XB. Anthropometric Measures and Incident Diabetic Nephropathy in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Aug 4;12:706845. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.706845. eCollection 2021.
- Ferreira JP, Ferrao D, Rossignol P, Zannad F, Sharma A, Vasques-Novoa F, Leite-Moreira A. Interplay between worsening kidney function and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes: an analysis from the ACCORD trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2021 Jul;9(1):e002408. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002408.
- Kloecker DE, Khunti K, Davies MJ, Pitocco D, Zaccardi F. Microvascular Disease and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Death From Intensive Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes: The ACCORDION Study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021 Jun;96(6):1458-1469. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.08.047. Epub 2021 May 2.
- Zhou JJ, Koska J, Bahn G, Reaven P. Fasting Glucose Variation Predicts Microvascular Risk in ACCORD and VADT. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Mar 25;106(4):1150-1162. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa941.
- Tang Y, Shah H, Bueno Junior CR, Sun X, Mitri J, Sambataro M, Sambado L, Gerstein HC, Fonseca V, Doria A, Pop-Busui R. Intensive Risk Factor Management and Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: The ACCORD Trial. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jan;44(1):164-173. doi: 10.2337/dc20-1842. Epub 2020 Nov 3.
- Saiz LC, Gorricho J, Garjon J, Celaya MC, Erviti J, Leache L. Blood pressure targets for the treatment of people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Sep 9;9(9):CD010315. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010315.pub4.
- Singleton MJ, Soliman EZ, Bertoni AG, Whalen SP, Bhave PD, Yeboah J. Effect of Intensive Glycemic and Blood Pressure Control on QT Prolongation in Diabetes: The ACCORD Trial. Diabetes. 2020 Oct;69(10):2186-2193. doi: 10.2337/db20-0401. Epub 2020 Jul 30.
- Collard D, Brouwer TF, Olde Engberink RHG, Zwinderman AH, Vogt L, van den Born BH. Initial Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Decline and Long-Term Renal Function During Intensive Antihypertensive Therapy: A Post Hoc Analysis of the SPRINT and ACCORD-BP Randomized Controlled Trials. Hypertension. 2020 May;75(5):1205-1212. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14659. Epub 2020 Mar 30.
- Xing Z, Peng Z, Wang X, Zhu Z, Pei J, Hu X, Chai X. Waist circumference is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in male but not female patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020 Mar 25;19(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s12933-020-01007-6.
- Zhu L, Hayen A, Bell KJL. Legacy effect of fibrate add-on therapy in diabetic patients with dyslipidemia: a secondary analysis of the ACCORDION study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020 Mar 5;19(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s12933-020-01002-x.
- Xing Z, Tang L, Chen J, Pei J, Chen P, Fang Z, Zhou S, Hu X. Association of predicted lean body mass and fat mass with cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. CMAJ. 2019 Sep 23;191(38):E1042-E1048. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.190124.
- Segar MW, Vaduganathan M, Patel KV, McGuire DK, Butler J, Fonarow GC, Basit M, Kannan V, Grodin JL, Everett B, Willett D, Berry J, Pandey A. Machine Learning to Predict the Risk of Incident Heart Failure Hospitalization Among Patients With Diabetes: The WATCH-DM Risk Score. Diabetes Care. 2019 Dec;42(12):2298-2306. doi: 10.2337/dc19-0587. Epub 2019 Sep 13.
- Smith SM, Gurka MJ, Winterstein AG, Pepine CJ, Cooper-DeHoff RM. Incidence, prevalence, and predictors of treatment-resistant hypertension with intensive blood pressure lowering. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2019 Jun;21(6):825-834. doi: 10.1111/jch.13550. Epub 2019 May 7.
- Duan T, Rajpurkar P, Laird D, Ng AY, Basu S. Clinical Value of Predicting Individual Treatment Effects for Intensive Blood Pressure Therapy. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2019 Mar;12(3):e005010. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.005010.
- Juraschek SP, Lipsitz LA, Beach JL, Mukamal KJ. Association of Orthostatic Hypotension Timing With Clinical Events in Adults With Diabetes and Hypertension: Results From the ACCORD Trial. Am J Hypertens. 2019 Jun 11;32(7):684-694. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpz015.
- Collard D, Brouwer TF, Peters RJG, Vogt L, van den Born BH. Creatinine Rise During Blood Pressure Therapy and the Risk of Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Hypertension. 2018 Dec;72(6):1337-1344. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11944.
- Xing Z, Pei J, Huang J, Peng X, Chen P, Hu X. Relationship of Obesity to Adverse Events Among Patients With Mean 10-Year History of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Results of the ACCORD Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Nov 20;7(22):e010512. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.010512.
- Morieri ML, Gao H, Pigeyre M, Shah HS, Sjaarda J, Mendonca C, Hastings T, Buranasupkajorn P, Motsinger-Reif AA, Rotroff DM, Sigal RJ, Marcovina SM, Kraft P, Buse JB, Wagner MJ, Gerstein HC, Mychaleckyj JC, Pare G, Doria A. Genetic Tools for Coronary Risk Assessment in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study From the ACCORD Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care. 2018 Nov;41(11):2404-2413. doi: 10.2337/dc18-0709. Epub 2018 Sep 27.
- Beddhu S, Greene T, Boucher R, Cushman WC, Wei G, Stoddard G, Ix JH, Chonchol M, Kramer H, Cheung AK, Kimmel PL, Whelton PK, Chertow GM. Intensive systolic blood pressure control and incident chronic kidney disease in people with and without diabetes mellitus: secondary analyses of two randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Jul;6(7):555-563. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30099-8. Epub 2018 Apr 21.
- Brouwer TF, Vehmeijer JT, Kalkman DN, Berger WR, van den Born BH, Peters RJ, Knops RE. Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering in Patients With and Patients Without Type 2 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis From Two Randomized Trials. Diabetes Care. 2018 Jun;41(6):1142-1148. doi: 10.2337/dc17-1722. Epub 2017 Dec 6.
- Shah HS, Morieri ML, Marcovina SM, Sigal RJ, Gerstein HC, Wagner MJ, Motsinger-Reif AA, Buse JB, Kraft P, Mychaleckyj JC, Doria A. Modulation of GLP-1 Levels by a Genetic Variant That Regulates the Cardiovascular Effects of Intensive Glycemic Control in ACCORD. Diabetes Care. 2018 Feb;41(2):348-355. doi: 10.2337/dc17-1638. Epub 2017 Nov 28.
- Kalkman DN, Brouwer TF, Vehmeijer JT, Berger WR, Knops RE, de Winter RJ, Peters RJ, van den Born BH. J Curve in Patients Randomly Assigned to Different Systolic Blood Pressure Targets: An Experimental Approach to an Observational Paradigm. Circulation. 2017 Dec 5;136(23):2220-2229. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030342. Epub 2017 Sep 22.
- O Hartaigh B, Szymonifka J, Okin PM. Achieving target SBP for lowering the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in persons with diabetes mellitus. J Hypertens. 2018 Jan;36(1):101-109. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001515.
- Elam MB, Ginsberg HN, Lovato LC, Corson M, Largay J, Leiter LA, Lopez C, O'Connor PJ, Sweeney ME, Weiss D, Friedewald WT, Buse JB, Gerstein HC, Probstfield J, Grimm R, Ismail-Beigi F, Goff DC Jr, Fleg JL, Rosenberg Y, Byington RP; ACCORDION Study Investigators. Association of Fenofibrate Therapy With Long-term Cardiovascular Risk in Statin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. JAMA Cardiol. 2017 Apr 1;2(4):370-380. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2016.4828.
- Murray AM, Hsu FC, Williamson JD, Bryan RN, Gerstein HC, Sullivan MD, Miller ME, Leng I, Lovato LL, Launer LJ; Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Follow-On Memory in Diabetes (ACCORDION MIND) Investigators. ACCORDION MIND: results of the observational extension of the ACCORD MIND randomised trial. Diabetologia. 2017 Jan;60(1):69-80. doi: 10.1007/s00125-016-4118-x. Epub 2016 Oct 20.
- Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Follow-On (ACCORDION) Eye Study Group and the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Follow-On (ACCORDION) Study Group. Persistent Effects of Intensive Glycemic Control on Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Follow-On Study. Diabetes Care. 2016 Jul;39(7):1089-100. doi: 10.2337/dc16-0024. Epub 2016 Jun 11.
- Papademetriou V, Zaheer M, Doumas M, Lovato L, Applegate WB, Tsioufis C, Mottle A, Punthakee Z, Cushman WC; ACCORD Study Group. Cardiovascular Outcomes in Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes: Impact of Blood Pressure Level and Presence of Kidney Disease. Am J Nephrol. 2016;43(4):271-80. doi: 10.1159/000446122. Epub 2016 Apr 29.
- ACCORD Study Group. Nine-Year Effects of 3.7 Years of Intensive Glycemic Control on Cardiovascular Outcomes. Diabetes Care. 2016 May;39(5):701-8. doi: 10.2337/dc15-2283. Epub 2016 Jan 28.
- Chen LY, Bigger JT, Hickey KT, Chen H, Lopez-Jimenez C, Banerji MA, Evans G, Fleg JL, Papademetriou V, Thomas A, Woo V, Seaquist ER, Soliman EZ. Effect of Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering on Incident Atrial Fibrillation and P-Wave Indices in the ACCORD Blood Pressure Trial. Am J Hypertens. 2016 Nov 1;29(11):1276-1282. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpv172.
- Siraj ES, Rubin DJ, Riddle MC, Miller ME, Hsu FC, Ismail-Beigi F, Chen SH, Ambrosius WT, Thomas A, Bestermann W, Buse JB, Genuth S, Joyce C, Kovacs CS, O'Connor PJ, Sigal RJ, Solomon S; ACCORD Investigators. Insulin Dose and Cardiovascular Mortality in the ACCORD Trial. Diabetes Care. 2015 Nov;38(11):2000-8. doi: 10.2337/dc15-0598. Epub 2015 Oct 13.
- Soliman EZ, Byington RP, Bigger JT, Evans G, Okin PM, Goff DC Jr, Chen H. Effect of Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Blood Pressure Trial. Hypertension. 2015 Dec;66(6):1123-9. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06236. Epub 2015 Oct 12.
- Chow LS, Chen H, Miller ME, Marcovina SM, Seaquist ER. Biomarkers associated with severe hypoglycaemia and death in ACCORD. Diabet Med. 2016 Aug;33(8):1076-83. doi: 10.1111/dme.12883. Epub 2015 Sep 6.
- Hempe JM, Liu S, Myers L, McCarter RJ, Buse JB, Fonseca V. The hemoglobin glycation index identifies subpopulations with harms or benefits from intensive treatment in the ACCORD trial. Diabetes Care. 2015 Jun;38(6):1067-74. doi: 10.2337/dc14-1844. Epub 2015 Apr 17.
- Espeland MA, Probstfield J, Hire D, Redmon JB, Evans GW, Coday M, Lewis CE, Johnson KC, Wilmoth S, Bahnson J, Dulin MF, Green JB, Knowler WC, Kitabchi A, Murillo AL, Osei K, Rehman SU, Cushman WC; Look AHEAD Research Group; ACCORD Study Group. Systolic Blood Pressure Control Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Three Interventions. Am J Hypertens. 2015 Aug;28(8):995-1009. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpu292. Epub 2015 Feb 9.
- Chow LS, Chen H, Miller ME, Marcovina SM, Seaquist ER. Biomarkers related to severe hypoglycaemia and lack of good glycaemic control in ACCORD. Diabetologia. 2015 Jun;58(6):1160-6. doi: 10.1007/s00125-015-3512-0. Epub 2015 Feb 5.
- Zhang Z, Lovato J, Battapady H, Davatzikos C, Gerstein HC, Ismail-Beigi F, Launer LJ, Murray A, Punthakee Z, Tirado AA, Williamson J, Bryan RN, Miller ME. Effect of hypoglycemia on brain structure in people with type 2 diabetes: epidemiological analysis of the ACCORD-MIND MRI trial. Diabetes Care. 2014 Dec;37(12):3279-85. doi: 10.2337/dc14-0973. Epub 2014 Sep 29.
- Papademetriou V, Lovato L, Doumas M, Nylen E, Mottl A, Cohen RM, Applegate WB, Puntakee Z, Yale JF, Cushman WC; ACCORD Study Group. Chronic kidney disease and intensive glycemic control increase cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Kidney Int. 2015 Mar;87(3):649-59. doi: 10.1038/ki.2014.296. Epub 2014 Sep 17.
- Hugenschmidt CE, Lovato JF, Ambrosius WT, Bryan RN, Gerstein HC, Horowitz KR, Launer LJ, Lazar RM, Murray AM, Chew EY, Danis RP, Williamson JD, Miller ME, Ding J. The cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of diabetic retinopathy with cognitive function and brain MRI findings: the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Diabetes Care. 2014 Dec;37(12):3244-52. doi: 10.2337/dc14-0502. Epub 2014 Sep 5.
- Chew EY, Davis MD, Danis RP, Lovato JF, Perdue LH, Greven C, Genuth S, Goff DC, Leiter LA, Ismail-Beigi F, Ambrosius WT; Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Eye Study Research Group. The effects of medical management on the progression of diabetic retinopathy in persons with type 2 diabetes: the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2014 Dec;121(12):2443-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2014.07.019. Epub 2014 Aug 29.
- Fatemi O, Yuriditsky E, Tsioufis C, Tsachris D, Morgan T, Basile J, Bigger T, Cushman W, Goff D, Soliman EZ, Thomas A, Papademetriou V. Impact of intensive glycemic control on the incidence of atrial fibrillation and associated cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study). Am J Cardiol. 2014 Oct 15;114(8):1217-22. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.07.045. Epub 2014 Jul 30.
- Margolis KL, Palermo L, Vittinghoff E, Evans GW, Atkinson HH, Hamilton BP, Josse RG, O'Connor PJ, Simmons DL, Tiktin M, Schwartz AV. Intensive blood pressure control, falls, and fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes: the ACCORD trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2014 Dec;29(12):1599-606. doi: 10.1007/s11606-014-2961-3. Epub 2014 Aug 16.
- Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Ismail-Beigi F, Largay J, McDonald C, Lochnan HA, Booth GL; ACCORD Study Group. Effects of intensive glycaemic control on ischaemic heart disease: analysis of data from the randomised, controlled ACCORD trial. Lancet. 2014 Nov 29;384(9958):1936-41. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60611-5. Epub 2014 Jul 31.
- Bryan RN, Bilello M, Davatzikos C, Lazar RM, Murray A, Horowitz K, Lovato J, Miller ME, Williamson J, Launer LJ. Effect of diabetes on brain structure: the action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes MR imaging baseline data. Radiology. 2014 Jul;272(1):210-6. doi: 10.1148/radiol.14131494. Epub 2014 Apr 29.
- Margolis KL, O'Connor PJ, Morgan TM, Buse JB, Cohen RM, Cushman WC, Cutler JA, Evans GW, Gerstein HC, Grimm RH Jr, Lipkin EW, Narayan KM, Riddle MC Jr, Sood A, Goff DC Jr. Outcomes of combined cardiovascular risk factor management strategies in type 2 diabetes: the ACCORD randomized trial. Diabetes Care. 2014 Jun;37(6):1721-8. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2334. Epub 2014 Mar 4.
- Williamson JD, Launer LJ, Bryan RN, Coker LH, Lazar RM, Gerstein HC, Murray AM, Sullivan MD, Horowitz KR, Ding J, Marcovina S, Lovato L, Lovato J, Margolis KL, Davatzikos C, Barzilay J, Ginsberg HN, Linz PE, Miller ME; Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Memory in Diabetes Investigators. Cognitive function and brain structure in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus after intensive lowering of blood pressure and lipid levels: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Mar;174(3):324-33. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13656.
- Linz PE, Lovato LC, Byington RP, O'Connor PJ, Leiter LA, Weiss D, Force RW, Crouse JR, Ismail-Beigi F, Simmons DL, Papademetriou V, Ginsberg HN, Elam MB. Paradoxical reduction in HDL-C with fenofibrate and thiazolidinedione therapy in type 2 diabetes: the ACCORD Lipid Trial. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(3):686-93. doi: 10.2337/dc13-0790. Epub 2013 Dec 2.
- Miller ME, Williamson JD, Gerstein HC, Byington RP, Cushman WC, Ginsberg HN, Ambrosius WT, Lovato L, Applegate WB; ACCORD Investigators. Effects of randomization to intensive glucose control on adverse events, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in older versus younger adults in the ACCORD Trial. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(3):634-43. doi: 10.2337/dc13-1545. Epub 2013 Oct 29.
- Barzilay JI, Lovato JF, Murray AM, Williamson J, Ismail-Beigi F, Karl D, Papademetriou V, Launer LJ. Albuminuria and cognitive decline in people with diabetes and normal renal function. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013 Nov;8(11):1907-14. doi: 10.2215/CJN.11321112. Epub 2013 Aug 29.
- Fonseca V, McDuffie R, Calles J, Cohen RM, Feeney P, Feinglos M, Gerstein HC, Ismail-Beigi F, Morgan TM, Pop-Busui R, Riddle MC; ACCORD Study Group. Determinants of weight gain in the action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes trial. Diabetes Care. 2013 Aug;36(8):2162-8. doi: 10.2337/dc12-1391. Epub 2013 Feb 14.
- Gerstein HC, Ambrosius WT, Danis R, Ismail-Beigi F, Cushman W, Calles J, Banerji M, Schubart U, Chew EY; ACCORD Study Group. Diabetic retinopathy, its progression, and incident cardiovascular events in the ACCORD trial. Diabetes Care. 2013 May;36(5):1266-71. doi: 10.2337/dc12-1311. Epub 2012 Dec 13.
- Reyes-Soffer G, Ngai CI, Lovato L, Karmally W, Ramakrishnan R, Holleran S, Ginsberg HN. Effect of combination therapy with fenofibrate and simvastatin on postprandial lipemia in the ACCORD lipid trial. Diabetes Care. 2013 Feb;36(2):422-8. doi: 10.2337/dc11-2556. Epub 2012 Oct 1.
- Barzilay JI, Howard AG, Evans GW, Fleg JL, Cohen RM, Booth GL, Kimel AR, Pedley CF, Cushman WC. Intensive blood pressure treatment does not improve cardiovascular outcomes in centrally obese hypertensive individuals with diabetes: the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Blood Pressure Trial. Diabetes Care. 2012 Jul;35(7):1401-5. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1827.
- Bonds DE, Miller ME, Dudl J, Feinglos M, Ismail-Beigi F, Malozowski S, Seaquist E, Simmons DL, Sood A. Severe hypoglycemia symptoms, antecedent behaviors, immediate consequences and association with glycemia medication usage: Secondary analysis of the ACCORD clinical trial data. BMC Endocr Disord. 2012 May 30;12:5. doi: 10.1186/1472-6823-12-5.
- Sullivan MD, O'Connor P, Feeney P, Hire D, Simmons DL, Raisch DW, Fine LJ, Narayan KM, Ali MK, Katon WJ. Depression predicts all-cause mortality: epidemiological evaluation from the ACCORD HRQL substudy. Diabetes Care. 2012 Aug;35(8):1708-15. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1791. Epub 2012 May 22.
- Raisch DW, Feeney P, Goff DC Jr, Narayan KM, O'Connor PJ, Zhang P, Hire DG, Sullivan MD. Baseline comparison of three health utility measures and the feeling thermometer among participants in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2012 Jul 11;11:35. doi: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-35.
- Bonds DE, Craven TE, Buse J, Crouse JR, Cuddihy R, Elam M, Ginsberg HN, Kirchner K, Marcovina S, Mychaleckyj JC, O'Connor PJ, Sperl-Hillen JA. Fenofibrate-associated changes in renal function and relationship to clinical outcomes among individuals with type 2 diabetes: the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) experience. Diabetologia. 2012 Jun;55(6):1641-50. doi: 10.1007/s00125-012-2524-2. Epub 2012 Mar 27.
- Mychaleckyj JC, Craven T, Nayak U, Buse J, Crouse JR, Elam M, Kirchner K, Lorber D, Marcovina S, Sivitz W, Sperl-Hillen J, Bonds DE, Ginsberg HN. Reversibility of fenofibrate therapy-induced renal function impairment in ACCORD type 2 diabetic participants. Diabetes Care. 2012 May;35(5):1008-14. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1811. Epub 2012 Mar 19.
- Punthakee Z, Miller ME, Launer LJ, Williamson JD, Lazar RM, Cukierman-Yaffee T, Seaquist ER, Ismail-Beigi F, Sullivan MD, Lovato LC, Bergenstal RM, Gerstein HC; ACCORD Group of Investigators; ACCORD-MIND Investigators. Poor cognitive function and risk of severe hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes: post hoc epidemiologic analysis of the ACCORD trial. Diabetes Care. 2012 Apr;35(4):787-93. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1855. Epub 2012 Feb 28.
- Seaquist ER, Miller ME, Bonds DE, Feinglos M, Goff DC Jr, Peterson K, Senior P; ACCORD Investigators. The impact of frequent and unrecognized hypoglycemia on mortality in the ACCORD study. Diabetes Care. 2012 Feb;35(2):409-14. doi: 10.2337/dc11-0996. Epub 2011 Dec 16.
- Genuth S, Ismail-Beigi F. Clinical implications of the ACCORD trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jan;97(1):41-8. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-1679. Epub 2011 Nov 2.
- Samaropoulos XF, Light L, Ambrosius WT, Marcovina SM, Probstfield J, Goff DC Jr. The effect of intensive risk factor management in type 2 diabetes on inflammatory biomarkers. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012 Mar;95(3):389-98. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.09.027. Epub 2011 Oct 22.
- Launer LJ, Miller ME, Williamson JD, Lazar RM, Gerstein HC, Murray AM, Sullivan M, Horowitz KR, Ding J, Marcovina S, Lovato LC, Lovato J, Margolis KL, O'Connor P, Lipkin EW, Hirsch J, Coker L, Maldjian J, Sunshine JL, Truwit C, Davatzikos C, Bryan RN; ACCORD MIND investigators. Effects of intensive glucose lowering on brain structure and function in people with type 2 diabetes (ACCORD MIND): a randomised open-label substudy. Lancet Neurol. 2011 Nov;10(11):969-77. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70188-0. Epub 2011 Sep 28.
- Mychaleckyj JC, Farber EA, Chmielewski J, Artale J, Light LS, Bowden DW, Hou X, Marcovina SM. Buffy coat specimens remain viable as a DNA source for highly multiplexed genome-wide genetic tests after long term storage. J Transl Med. 2011 Jun 10;9:91. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-91.
- ACCORD Study Group; Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Genuth S, Ismail-Beigi F, Buse JB, Goff DC Jr, Probstfield JL, Cushman WC, Ginsberg HN, Bigger JT, Grimm RH Jr, Byington RP, Rosenberg YD, Friedewald WT. Long-term effects of intensive glucose lowering on cardiovascular outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2011 Mar 3;364(9):818-28. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1006524.
- Ismail-Beigi F, Craven T, Banerji MA, Basile J, Calles J, Cohen RM, Cuddihy R, Cushman WC, Genuth S, Grimm RH Jr, Hamilton BP, Hoogwerf B, Karl D, Katz L, Krikorian A, O'Connor P, Pop-Busui R, Schubart U, Simmons D, Taylor H, Thomas A, Weiss D, Hramiak I; ACCORD trial group. Effect of intensive treatment of hyperglycaemia on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the ACCORD randomised trial. Lancet. 2010 Aug 7;376(9739):419-30. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60576-4. Epub 2010 Jun 30.
- ACCORD Study Group; ACCORD Eye Study Group; Chew EY, Ambrosius WT, Davis MD, Danis RP, Gangaputra S, Greven CM, Hubbard L, Esser BA, Lovato JF, Perdue LH, Goff DC Jr, Cushman WC, Ginsberg HN, Elam MB, Genuth S, Gerstein HC, Schubart U, Fine LJ. Effects of medical therapies on retinopathy progression in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jul 15;363(3):233-44. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1001288. Epub 2010 Jun 29.
- Strylewicz G, Doctor J. Evaluation of an automated method to assist with error detection in the ACCORD central laboratory. Clin Trials. 2010 Aug;7(4):380-9. doi: 10.1177/1740774510372779. Epub 2010 Jun 22.
- Riddle MC, Ambrosius WT, Brillon DJ, Buse JB, Byington RP, Cohen RM, Goff DC Jr, Malozowski S, Margolis KL, Probstfield JL, Schnall A, Seaquist ER; Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Investigators. Epidemiologic relationships between A1C and all-cause mortality during a median 3.4-year follow-up of glycemic treatment in the ACCORD trial. Diabetes Care. 2010 May;33(5):983-90. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1278.
- ACCORD Study Group; Ginsberg HN, Elam MB, Lovato LC, Crouse JR 3rd, Leiter LA, Linz P, Friedewald WT, Buse JB, Gerstein HC, Probstfield J, Grimm RH, Ismail-Beigi F, Bigger JT, Goff DC Jr, Cushman WC, Simons-Morton DG, Byington RP. Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 29;362(17):1563-74. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1001282. Epub 2010 Mar 14.
- ACCORD Study Group; Cushman WC, Evans GW, Byington RP, Goff DC Jr, Grimm RH Jr, Cutler JA, Simons-Morton DG, Basile JN, Corson MA, Probstfield JL, Katz L, Peterson KA, Friedewald WT, Buse JB, Bigger JT, Gerstein HC, Ismail-Beigi F. Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 29;362(17):1575-85. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1001286. Epub 2010 Mar 14.
- Pop-Busui R, Evans GW, Gerstein HC, Fonseca V, Fleg JL, Hoogwerf BJ, Genuth S, Grimm RH, Corson MA, Prineas R; Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group. Effects of cardiac autonomic dysfunction on mortality risk in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial. Diabetes Care. 2010 Jul;33(7):1578-84. doi: 10.2337/dc10-0125. Epub 2010 Mar 9.
- Miller ME, Bonds DE, Gerstein HC, Seaquist ER, Bergenstal RM, Calles-Escandon J, Childress RD, Craven TE, Cuddihy RM, Dailey G, Feinglos MN, Ismail-Beigi F, Largay JF, O'Connor PJ, Paul T, Savage PJ, Schubart UK, Sood A, Genuth S; ACCORD Investigators. The effects of baseline characteristics, glycaemia treatment approach, and glycated haemoglobin concentration on the risk of severe hypoglycaemia: post hoc epidemiological analysis of the ACCORD study. BMJ. 2010 Jan 8;340:b5444. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b5444.
- Bonds DE, Miller ME, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, Byington RP, Cutler JA, Dudl RJ, Ismail-Beigi F, Kimel AR, Hoogwerf B, Horowitz KR, Savage PJ, Seaquist ER, Simmons DL, Sivitz WI, Speril-Hillen JM, Sweeney ME. The association between symptomatic, severe hypoglycaemia and mortality in type 2 diabetes: retrospective epidemiological analysis of the ACCORD study. BMJ. 2010 Jan 8;340:b4909. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b4909.
- Meier M, Hummel M. Cardiovascular disease and intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellitus: moving practice toward evidence-based strategies. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5:859-71. doi: 10.2147/vhrm.s4808. Epub 2009 Nov 2.
Drugs
| Evaluation | Drug | Modality | Dose | Route |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Fenofibrate | Small molecule | 54 mg | — |
| Subject | Fenofibrate | Small molecule | 160 mg | — |
| Background | Acarbose | Unknown | — | — |
| Background | Benazepril | Unknown | — | — |
| Background | Candesartan | Unknown | — | — |
| Background | Carvedilol | Other / unclassified | — | — |
| Background | Chlorthalidone | Other / unclassified | — | — |
| Background | Diltiazem | Small molecule | — | — |
| Background | Felodipine | Small molecule | — | — |
| Background | Furosemide | Other / unclassified | — | — |
| Background | Glimepiride | Small molecule | — | — |
| Background | Hydralazine | Small molecule | — | — |
| Background | Metformin | Small molecule | — | — |
| Background | Metoprolol | Other / unclassified | — | — |
| Background | Pioglitazone | Small molecule | — | — |
| Background | Repaglinide | Small molecule | — | — |
| Background | Rosiglitazone | Small molecule | — | — |
| Background | Simvastatin | Small molecule | 20 mg | — |
| Background | Simvastatin | Small molecule | 40 mg | — |
| Background | Terazosin | Small molecule | — | — |
| Background | Valsartan | Unknown | — | — |
| Background | amlodipine / benazepril | Unknown | — | — |
| Background | benazepril / hydrochlorothiazide | Unknown | — | — |
| Background | candesartan / hydrochlorothiazide | Unknown | — | — |
| Background | human 30/70 | Unknown | — | — |
| Background | human NPH | Unknown | — | — |
| Background | human isophane | Unknown | — | — |
| Background | human mixed | Unknown | — | — |
| Background | human regular insulin | Protein / enzyme biologic | — | — |
| Background | insulin aspart | Protein / enzyme biologic | — | — |
| Background | insulin detemir | Protein / enzyme biologic | — | — |
| Background | insulin glargine | Protein / enzyme biologic | — | — |
| Background | lisinopril / hydrochlorothiazide | Unknown | — | — |
| Background | metoprolol / hydrochlorothiazide | Unknown | — | — |
| Background | reserpine | Small molecule | — | — |
| Background | triamterene / hydrochlorothiazide | Unknown | — | — |
| Background | valsartan / hydrochlorothiazide | Unknown | — | — |