Drugs / Zolpidem
last change Sep 2026 re-read 8 days ago

Zolpidem

Small molecule

Developed for
insomnia · sleep disorder, initiating and maintaining sleep · sleep disorder · Parkinson disease · acute coronary syndrome · attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder · autism · cannabis dependence
+11 more · cirrhosis of liver · cognitive disorder · delirium · drug dependence · obstructive sleep apnea syndrome · sleep apnea syndrome · anxiety · central sleep apnea syndrome · circadian rhythm sleep disorder · focal dystonia · progressive supranuclear palsy
Investigated by
Sanofi · Astellas Pharma Inc · National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) · National Institutes of Health (NIH) · Biolab Sanus Farmaceutica · National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
+80 more · Sequential Medicine Ltd · University of Pennsylvania · Eisai Inc. · Johns Hopkins University · Transcept Pharmaceuticals · University of Pittsburgh · Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Pesquisa · EMS · Janssen Research & Development, LLC · Massachusetts General Hospital · Mclean Hospital · National Institute on Aging (NIA) · Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute · Purdue Pharma LP · Sanofi-Synthelabo · Takeda · AO North America · Abiant, Inc. · American Academy of Sleep Medicine · Astellas Pharma Taiwan, Inc. · Aston University · Brain & Behavior Research Foundation · Brasilia University Hospital · California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute · Centre d'Expertise sur l'Altitude EXALT · Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati · Clinilabs, Inc. · Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico · Duke University · Eli Lilly and Company · Emory University · Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) · Food and Drug Administration (FDA) · GlaxoSmithKline · Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine · Hadine Joffe, MD · Hannover Medical School · Hvidovre University Hospital · IMK Fonden · Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. · Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India · Janssen-Cilag International NV · Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz · Joshua Woolley, MD, PhD · Kettering Health Network · Laval University · Marion Coe · Mengchang Yang · Midnight Pharma, LLC · National Cancer Institute (NCI) · National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) · National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) · National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) · National Taiwan Normal University · Pfizer · Philipps University Marburg · Philipps University Marburg Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials · Rigshospitalet, Denmark · Rush University Medical Center · Sanatorio Allende · Shriners Hospitals for Children · Siriraj Hospital · St. Luke's Hospital, Chesterfield, Missouri · Stanford University · Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. · Ten-Chen General Hospital · Teva Pharmaceuticals USA · Tianjin University · University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust · University of Arizona · University of California, Irvine · University of California, San Diego · University of California, San Francisco · University of Illinois at Chicago · all 86 on the full record

Regulatory milestones approvals, filings & regulatory actions · 3 recorded

MilestoneJurisdictionBrandIndicationDateSentence it was read from
Label expansion US (FDA) AMBIEN CR — 2007-12-20 fda.gov ↗
Label expansion US (FDA) AMBIEN — 2007-03-28 fda.gov ↗
Approved US (FDA) AMBIEN — 1992-12-16 fda.gov ↗

Trials 92 · started per year

today
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PhaseRegistry idDatesIndicationSponsorStatusOutcome
Phase 02 trials
Phase 0 NCT01747590 Jul 2011 → Dec 2013 drug-induced mental disorder Mclean Hospital Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 0 NCT01809626 May 2010 → Sep 2012 depressive disorder Mclean Hospital Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 117 trials · 1 met primary · 1 missed
Phase 1 NCT06512155 Jul → Nov 2024 sleep disorder Mengchang Yang Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT05106153 Dec 2021 → May 2023 substance abuse Janssen Research & Development, LLC Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT03436745 Jan 2019 → Jan 2024 prostate cancer National Cancer Institute (NCI) Terminated No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
Phase 1 NCT03269760 Sep 2017 → Feb 2020 sleep disorder University of California, San Francisco Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT02817750 Jul 2017 → Feb 2018 — Biolab Sanus Farmaceutica Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT02814058 Jul 2017 → Feb 2018 — Biolab Sanus Farmaceutica Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT03158025 Apr 2017 → Jul 2018 insomnia Eisai Inc. Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT03008447 Nov 2016 → Jan 2018 — Eisai Inc. Completed Met primary
Phase 1 NCT02607696 May → Oct 2016 — Biolab Sanus Farmaceutica Withdrawn No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT02578472 Nov 2015 → Feb 2016 — Janssen-Cilag International NV Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1/22 trials
Phase 1/2 NCT05351541 Dec 2023 → Jul 2026 overdue chronic pain syndrome Joshua Woolley, MD, PhD Active not recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2 NCT00494468 Oct 2002 → Mar 2004 insomnia Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 211 trials · 1 met primary
Phase 2 NCT05540574 Aug 2023 → Apr 2028 expected autism Stanford University Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT04396327 May → Jun 2020 overdue insomnia Sequential Medicine Ltd Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT03621046 Aug 2018 → Dec 2019 Parkinson disease Aston University Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT02948660 Dec 2017 → Jun 2019 cognitive disorder Xijing Hospital Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT03375203 Nov 2017 → Apr 2019 insomnia Janssen Research & Development, LLC Completed Met primary
Phase 2 NCT03056053 Feb → Apr 2017 insomnia Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT02671760 Feb → Jun 2016 insomnia Sequential Medicine Ltd Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00539110 Dec 2009 → Dec 2012 — Shriners Hospitals for Children Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00784875 Oct 2008 → Feb 2010 insomnia Eli Lilly and Company Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00044629 Sep 2001 → Aug 2006 sleep disorder, initiating and maintaining sleep Duke University Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/32 trials
Phase 2/3 NCT03885141 Mar → Dec 2021 insomnia Biolab Sanus Farmaceutica Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT01685073 Sep 2012 → Jul 2018 drug dependence Johns Hopkins University Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 315 trials · 2 met primary · 2 missed
Phase 3 NCT07336277 Jun → Jul 2026 overdue sleep disorder Emory University Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT05456152 Jun 2024 → Jan 2025 insomnia EMS Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT03338764 May → Dec 2023 insomnia Sequential Medicine Ltd Withdrawn No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
Phase 3 NCT03331042 Oct 2017 → Mar 2018 insomnia Sequential Medicine Ltd Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT03075241 Oct 2016 → Apr 2020 Alzheimer disease, insomnia Brasilia University Hospital Completed Missed primary
Phase 3 NCT02374567 Jan 2015 → Jun 2017 anxiety disorder, dementia, depressive disorder, schizophrenia +1 Hannover Medical School Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT02139098 May 2014 → Nov 2017 insomnia Philipps University Marburg Terminated No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
Phase 3 NCT00466193 May → Nov 2007 insomnia Transcept Pharmaceuticals Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00374777 Aug 2006 → May 2008 sleep disorder, initiating and maintaining sleep Astellas Pharma Inc Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00318448 Apr → Aug 2006 attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder Sanofi Completed Missed primary
Phase 433 trials · 1 met primary · 2 missed
Phase 4 NCT07542756 May 2026 → Jan 2032 expected insomnia University of Pennsylvania Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT07801742 Aug 2025 → Jun 2026 — Sanatorio Allende Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT06800378 Jun → Dec 2024 — National Taiwan Normal University Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT06084130 Oct 2023 → Oct 2024 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome Siriraj Hospital Unknown Missed primary
Phase 4 NCT04468776 Feb 2022 → Jun 2024 insomnia California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT05746143 Feb 2022 → Jan 2029 expected lumbar disk degenerative disorder, spondylosis University of Southern California Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT03774810 Apr 2019 → Sep 2024 insomnia University of Pennsylvania Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT03657212 Oct 2018 → Jan 2019 premature aging syndrome University of California, Irvine Terminated No outcome recorded Stop: Business
Phase 4 NCT04720547 Jul 2018 → Feb 2020 sleep apnea syndrome Wayne State University Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT03307005 Nov 2017 → Jan 2019 heart failure, sleep disorder Johns Hopkins University Completed No outcome recorded
Phase not applicable10 trials · 1 missed
— NCT02778659 May 2016 → Oct 2017 — Centre d'Expertise sur l'Altitude EXALT Completed No outcome recorded
— NCT02484963 May 2015 → Jan 2017 cirrhosis of liver Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India Completed No outcome recorded
— NCT01485393 Jan 2015 → Jan 2018 insomnia Massachusetts General Hospital Completed No outcome recorded
— NCT01551485 Feb → Aug 2012 — Rigshospitalet, Denmark Unknown Missed primary
— NCT00936598 Jul 2009 → Apr 2011 endometrium neoplasm University of Pittsburgh Terminated No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
— NCT00777829 Sep 2008 → Jun 2011 — University of California, San Diego Completed No outcome recorded
— NCT00662155 Jul 2006 → Jun 2013 insomnia University of Pennsylvania Completed No outcome recorded
— NCT00676026 May 2005 → Feb 2009 — University of Pennsylvania Completed No outcome recorded
— NCT00383357 Aug 2004 → ? — National Institute on Aging (NIA) Completed No outcome recorded
— NCT00084669 May 2004 → Oct 2007 breast cancer, sleep disorder Massachusetts General Hospital Completed No outcome recorded
Comparator or background therapy37 trials
Phase 0 NCT04273776 Comparator Dec 2019 → Nov 2024 overdue — Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) Active not recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 0 NCT04102345 Comparator Sep 2019 → Nov 2020 — HealthPartners Institute Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 0 NCT03160404 Comparator Apr 2018 → Dec 2019 insomnia Federal University of Goiás Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT05764798 Comparator Nov 2022 → Dec 2024 insomnia Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University Unknown Missed primary
Phase 1 NCT06685341 Comparator Mar → Apr 2019 insomnia Shanghai Haiyan Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. Completed No outcome recorded

News releases announcing trial results or a regulatory action · 9

DateIssuerRelease
2025-09-08 Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Results Idorsia highlights very low real-world abuse potential of DORA class for insomnia treatment at WSC 2025 idorsia.com ↗
The DORA class had significantly lower odds of reporting for adverse events denoting drug abuse when compared with the scheduled drug zolpidem and the non-scheduled drug trazodone, both used as a reference.
2019-08-05 Aytu BioPharma, Inc. Results Aytu BioScience Announces First ZolpiMist(TM) Clinical Study Results Demonstrating More Rapid Sleep Onset with Lingual Spray Zolpidem versus Oral Tablet aytubio.com ↗
On average, ZolpiMist achieved this threshold more quickly than tablet zolpidem.
2018-06-06 Eisai Inc. Results Positive New Data on Investigational Lemborexant Presented at 32nd Annual SLEEP Meeting Studies measured postural stability after middle-of-the-night awakening and next morning compared to zolpidem ER, as well as next-morning driving performance eisai.com ↗
Zolpidem ER increased body sway at a magnitude almost three times greater than the increase in body sway associated with a blood alcohol content (BAC 0.05 percent) near the legal driving limit.
2018-05-23 Eisai Inc. Results EISAI AND PURDUE PHARMA TO PRESENT LATEST PHASE I CLINICAL DATA ON LEMBOREXANT AT 32ND ANNUAL SLEEP MEETING eisai.com ↗
The study demonstrated that postural stability was statistically significantly worse for zolpidem ER 6.25 mg compared with both lemborexant 5 mg and 10 mg in healthy volunteers age 55 and older, and the primary endpoint was achieved.
2012-02-20 Sumitomo Pharma America, Inc. Regulatory Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma obtains manufacturing and marketing approval for Sleep Inducing Treatment "Zolpidem tartrate tablets 5mg/10mg [DSP]" sumitomo-pharma.com ↗
Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd. (DSP) (Headquarters: Osaka, Japan; President: Masayo Tada) announces that as of February 15, 2012, DSP has obtained manufacturing and marketing approval for the sleep inducing treatment "Zolpidem tartrate tablets 5mg/10mg [DSP]" in Japan from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.
2008-07-29 Orexo AB Regulatory The FDA has accepted for filing the registration application for Sublinox™ orexo.com ↗
The submitted registration application for SublinoxTM (OX22) has been accepted by the FDA as complete for substantive review after initial evaluation.
2008-05-15 Orexo AB Regulatory Orexo has submitted the registration application (NDA) for Sublinox™ (OX22) to the FDA on May 14 2008 orexo.com ↗
2007-10-01 Orexo AB Results Orexo shows positive results in completed comparative Phase III profile study of the Sublinox™ sleep aid involving insomnia patients orexo.com ↗
The study shows that Sublinox™ (OX22) acts 30 percent faster than Ambien® as a sleep aid for patients suffering from sleep disturbances.
2005-05-29 Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc. Regulatory Teva Announces Tentative Approval Of Zolpidem Tartrate Tablets tevapharm.com ↗
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (Nasdaq: TEVA) announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has granted tentative approval for the Company's ANDA for Zolpidem Tartrate Tablets, 5 mg and 10 mg.

All press releases naming this drug 13 releases

DateIssuerRelease

Evidence & citations 19 cited values

Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 135 sources stand behind the page.

FieldValueCited text
Known as Zolpidem “This is a randomised, double-blind, 3-way crossover, single dose, placebo-controlled study investigating the effect on night time awakening body sway of melatonin and zolpidem...” NCT01280734 ↗
125

“Patients were randomized 1:1:1:1 to receive placebo, almorexant 100 mg, almorexant 200 mg, or zolpidem 10 mg (active reference) for 16 days.” PMID 28735928 ↗ May 2017

“3-drug combination product containing 50-mg diphenhydramine, 5-mg delayed-release zolpidem and 0.5-mg delayed-release lorazepam.” NCT03331042 ↗

“single oral doses of lorcaserin (20, 40, and 60 mg), zolpidem (15 and 30 mg), ketamine (100 mg), and placebo was conducted” PMID 21412231 ↗ Mar 2011

“Sedatives/anxiolytics: alprazolam, diazepam, lorazepam, secobarbital, temazepam, triazolam, zolpidem” NCT02033707 ↗

“3-drug combination product containing 50 mg diphenhydramine, 5 mg zolpidem and 0.5 mg lorazepam” NCT02671760 ↗

“3-drug combination product containing 50 mg diphenhydramine, 5 mg zolpidem and 0.5 mg lorazepam” NCT04396327 ↗

“SM-1 is a combination drug product containing diphenhydramine, zolpidem and lorazepam.” NCT03338764 ↗

“Sublingual zolpidem - 1 sublingual tablet 30 minutes before bed time.” NCT05456152 ↗

“Differential Effects of Zolpidem Versus Ramelteon in Burned Children” NCT00539110 ↗

“containing 1.0 mg, 1.75 mg and 3.5 mg of Zolpidem®.” NCT03885141 ↗

Show 115 more sources

Known as Ambien “This study will compare the interactions of a placebo and two FDA-approved sleeping medications, Eszopiclone (Lunesta) and Zolpidem (Ambien), with certain chemical receptors in...” NCT00781482 ↗
7

“This study will evaluate the long- and short-term effects of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), alone and in combination with zolpidem (Ambien®), for chronic insomnia.” NCT00042146 ↗

“12.5 mg of oral Ambien CR. Subjects will never receive active drugs (Zolpidem/Ambien or dexmedetomidine concurrently).” NCT01485393 ↗

“10 mg Zolpidem (Ambien) and 10 mg Zaleplon (Sonata)” NCT03526575 ↗

“Oral administration of the drug zolpidem (Ambien)” NCT01809626 ↗

“AMBIEN® tablets(G.D. Searle \& Co.)” NCT00833937 ↗

“zolpidem tartrate (Ambien)” NCT00044629 ↗

NCT00833521 ↗

Known as Ambien CR “12.5 mg of oral Ambien CR. Subjects will never receive active drugs (Zolpidem/Ambien or dexmedetomidine concurrently).” NCT01485393 ↗
3

“extended-release zolpidem (Ambien CR®) can improve quit rates among people trying to stop using marijuana” NCT01685073 ↗

“To assess sleep satisfaction before and after Zolpidem CR (Ambien CR) administration” NCT01097382 ↗

“Zolpidem Tartrate Extended-Release (Ambien CR)” NCT00296790 ↗

Known as Myslee “The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of FK199B (Zolpidem MR Tablet) in patients with insomnia by a randomized, double-blind, group-comparison...” NCT00283946 ↗
Known as Patz “Patz - 5mg sublingual zolpidem hemitartrate” NCT01896336 ↗
Known as SL800750 “zolpidem-MR (SL800750)” NCT00425243 ↗
2

“Zolpidem (SL800750)” NCT00318448 ↗

“zolpidem (SL800750)” NCT00630175 ↗

Known as Stilnox “sedative-hypnotic drugs (such as stilnox) are often used to treat insomnia.” NCT06095258 ↗
1

“Stilnox - 10mg oral zolpidem hemitartrate” NCT01896336 ↗

Known as ZOL “compared with placebo (PBO) and supratherapeutic doses of zolpidem (ZOL) 30 mg and suvorexant (SUV) 40 mg.” PMID 35748777 ↗ Jun 2022
3

“The research involves oral administration of zolpidem (ZOL) or placebo during sleep with EEG recording.” NCT03657212 ↗

“Patients were first treated with behavioral therapy (BT) or zolpidem (Zol).” PMID 34792177 ↗ Jan 2022

“zolpidem tartrate extended release 6.25 mg (ZOL)” PMID 39120786 ↗ Aug 2024

Known as Zolpidem CR “OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to determine whether targeted treatment of insomnia with controlled-release zolpidem (zolpidem-CR) in suicidal adults with insomnia would provide...” PMID 31537089 ↗ Sep 2019
1

“To assess sleep satisfaction before and after Zolpidem CR (Ambien CR) administration” NCT01097382 ↗

Known as zolpidem hemitartarate “zolpidem hemitartarate orodispersible tablet 1.75 mg” NCT02814058 ↗
Known as Zolpidem MR “The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of FK199B (Zolpidem MR Tablet) in patients with insomnia by a randomized, double-blind, group-comparison...” NCT00283946 ↗
Known as Zolpidem Orodispersible “Zolpidem® Orodispersible 1.0 mg or 1.75 mg in women” NCT03885141 ↗
Known as Zolpidem Tartrate “The purpose of the study is to evaluate sleep onset following administration of zolpidem tartrate sublingual tablet (Intermezzo) versus placebo in adult insomnia patients.” NCT00466193 ↗
10

“3.5 mg zolpidem tartrate sublingual tablet taken either 3 or 4 hours prior to driving.” NCT01106859 ↗

“Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg tablet, taken orally at bed time for 2 consecutive nights.” NCT00770510 ↗

“zolpidem tartrate sublingual tablet 3.5mg” NCT00380081 ↗

“Zolpidem tartrate 10 mg tablets” NCT00833937 ↗

“zolpidem tartrate (Ambien)” NCT00044629 ↗

“Drug: Zolpidem Tartrate” NCT03307005 ↗

“Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg” NCT06303076 ↗

NCT03774810 ↗

NCT00383643 ↗

NCT02783729 ↗

Known as Zolpidem Tartrate Tablets “Drug: Zolpidem Tartrate Tablets” NCT02948660 ↗
Known as zolpidem-ER “AIMS: This secondary analysis examined the relationship of age to insomnia and the impact of age on the treatment of insomnia with zolpidem extended-release (zolpidem-ER) in...” PMID 39119911 ↗ Aug 2024
Known as ZST “STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate next-morning driving performance after middle-of-the-night use of zolpidem 3.5 mg in a buffered sublingual formulation (ZST).” PMID 24587571 ↗ Mar 2014
Action Activate “The benzodiazepine receptor agonist (BzRA), zolpidem” NCT00177216 ↗
Modality Small molecule “Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine hypnotic” PMID 10221356 ↗ 1999
Route Oral “Patients receive oral zolpidem once daily for 5 weeks” NCT00084669 ↗