Drugs / sodium chloride
last change 10 days ago re-read 8 days ago

sodium chloride

Developed for
acute bronchiolitis · acute kidney injury · infectious disease with sepsis · cystic fibrosis · atopic eczema · brain edema · bronchiolitis · chronic rhinosinusitis
+58 more · COVID-19 · impaired renal function disease · postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome · acute hypotension · acute myocardial infarction · bipolar disorder · brain injury · bronchiectasis · cardiac arrest · chronic kidney disease · chronic pain syndrome · congestive heart failure · constipation disorder · corneal edema · decubitus ulcer · dehydration polycythemia · diabetic ketoacidosis · disorder of acid-base balance · dry eye syndrome · heart failure · hypertensive disorder · hypotensive disorder · ischemic stroke · keratitis · lipoma · migraine disorder · myalgic encephalomeyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome · neurally mediated hypotension · neurogenic bowel · periapical periodontitis · periprosthetic joint infection · psoriasis · pulpitis · sinusitis · Sjogren syndrome · skin atrophy · traumatic brain injury · acute pancreatitis · acute tubulointerstitial nephritis · brain infarction · chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis · cirrhosis of liver · disease related to solid organ transplantation · end stage renal failure · epicondylitis · gastroenteritis · hemorrhagic stroke · metabolic acidosis · neonatal respiratory failure · pulmonary edema · respiratory tract infectious disorder · skin infection · ST-elevation myocardial infarction · stroke disorder · subarachnoid hemorrhage · urinary tract infection · urinary tract obstruction · vascular occlusion disorder
Investigated by
Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris · Assiut University · Bayside Health · Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) · Capital Medical University · Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
+123 more · Children's Hospital Los Angeles · Cystic Fibrosis Foundation · Johns Hopkins University · NYU Langone Health · National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) · Ospedale Misericordia e Dolce · Seoul National University Hospital · University of Alberta · University of California, San Francisco · University of Monastir · University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill · AXIOM Real Time Metrics · Aalborg University Hospital · Adhish Agarwal · Alfasigma S.p.A. · All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar · Analytica Ventures LLC · Baxter Healthcare Corporation · Beijing Anzhen Hospital · Bispebjerg Hospital · CMH Multan Institute of Medical Sciences · Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy · Canadian Blood Services · Children's & Women's Health Centre of British Columbia · Christiana Care Health Services · Cook County Health · Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Mexico · Cystic Fibrosis Federation Australia · Dan Leibovici · David Garcia Cinca · Derk Jan Jager · Dinara Zhumanbayeva · Dongyang People's Hospital · Dr. Damon Scales · Eli Lilly and Company · Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) · Euraxi Pharma · Eye-yon Medical · Fayoum University Hospital · Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki · Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria · Fundacion Clinic per a la Recerca Biomédica · Fundacion Clinica Valle del Lili · Glostrup University Hospital, Copenhagen · Hala Abd EL-Tawab Ibrahim Radwan · Hamad Medical Corporation · Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation · Herlev Hospital · Hillerod Hospital, Denmark · Holbaek Sygehus · Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal · IRCCS Burlo Garofolo · Innovative Medical · Islamabad Medical and Dental College · Jeffrey Alan Klein, MD · Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital · Jinhua People's Hospital · Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre · Kentucky Spinal Cord and Head Injury Research Board · LEO Foundation · Lanxi People's Hospital · Linkoeping University · Mardan Medical Complex · McMaster University · Medical University of South Carolina · Milton S. Hershey Medical Center · Monash University · Montefiore Medical Center · National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia · National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) · National Institute on Aging (NIA) · National Institutes of Health (NIH) · Nemours Children's Clinic · New York Medical College · all 129 on the full record

Regulatory milestones approvals, filings & regulatory actions · 1 recorded

MilestoneJurisdictionBrandIndicationDateSentence it was read from
Approved US (FDA) THAM — 1965-12-16 fda.gov ↗

Trials 98 · started per year

today
US approved 1965
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PhaseRegistry idDatesIndicationSponsorStatusOutcome
Phase 05 trials
Phase 0 NCT05634213 Mar 2023 → Apr 2025 cardiac valvular defect Ottawa Heart Institute Research Corporation Withdrawn No outcome recorded
Phase 0 NCT06139029 Nov 2022 → Mar 2023 acute bronchiolitis Mardan Medical Complex Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 0 NCT05029596 Feb 2020 → Mar 2023 cancer University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 0 NCT03837470 May 2019 → Feb 2020 diastolic heart failure Adhish Agarwal Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 0 NCT04197245 Jan → Jul 2019 skin atrophy Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 15 trials
Phase 1 NCT05154968 Nov → Dec 2021 — Eli Lilly and Company Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT04147182 Dec 2018 → Jul 2019 — Dan Leibovici Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT02947126 Jan 2017 → Feb 2020 cystic fibrosis Tim Corcoran Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT02854683 Feb 2016 → Dec 2021 myalgic encephalomeyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, neurally mediated hypotension, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome New York Medical College Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT01094704 Nov 2009 → May 2010 cystic fibrosis University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1/24 trials · 1 missed
Phase 1/2 NCT06820164 May 2025 → Jan 2027 expected lipoma West Virginia University Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2 NCT06370975 Aug 2024 → Aug 2025 — Assiut University Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2 NCT01073787 Jul 2010 → Nov 2012 migraine disorder University of Alberta Completed Missed primary
Phase 1/2 NCT00228657 Jul 2002 → Aug 2003 decubitus ulcer Bayside Health Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 28 trials · 1 missed
Phase 2 NCT06471998 Feb 2025 → Mar 2026 chronic pain syndrome Ramsay Santé Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT04344236 Apr → May 2020 COVID-19 NYU Langone Health Withdrawn No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT04785755 Nov 2017 → Mar 2020 — Hala Abd EL-Tawab Ibrahim Radwan Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT01042015 Oct 2016 → Nov 2025 cardiac arrest University of Maryland, Baltimore Terminated No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
Phase 2 NCT02142985 Apr 2014 → Apr 2015 — University of Monastir Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT01411852 Mar 2012 → Apr 2013 brain injury University of Washington Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00819416 Feb → Oct 2009 infectious disease with sepsis Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT01293084 Jul 2007 → Jun 2009 cystic fibrosis Johns Hopkins University Completed Missed primary
Phase 2/36 trials
Phase 2/3 NCT06558461 Jun 2022 → May 2024 acute bronchiolitis Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT04802408 Oct 2021 → May 2024 COVID-19 Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT04802785 Jun → Jul 2021 — Dinara Zhumanbayeva Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT04242368 Jul 2020 → Jul 2021 chronic rhinosinusitis Stanford University Withdrawn No outcome recorded Stop: Enrollment
Phase 2/3 NCT00619918 Feb 2008 → May 2011 bronchiolitis Children's Hospital Los Angeles Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT00163852 Feb 2004 → Feb 2006 cystic fibrosis Bayside Health Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 313 trials · 3 met primary · 2 missed
Phase 3 NCT07596329 Sep 2026 → Nov 2027 expected chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure University of Monastir Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT06953674 Jun 2025 → Jun 2029 expected traumatic brain injury University of Louisville Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT05084378 Mar 2022 → Aug 2024 periprosthetic joint infection McMaster University Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT05962255 Feb 2022 → Apr 2024 heart failure Wroclaw Medical University Completed Met primary
Phase 3 NCT05121389 Jan 2021 → Nov 2022 ischemic stroke Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT02872155 Jul 2017 → Jul 2019 impaired renal function disease David Garcia Cinca Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT02905760 Dec 2016 → Nov 2018 acute myocardial infarction Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT03106922 Apr 2016 → Jul 2020 — Alfasigma S.p.A. Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT01786824 Dec 2014 → Aug 2015 acute kidney injury, impaired renal function disease Nîmes University Hospital Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT02221024 Jul 2011 → Sep 2013 — IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Completed Met primary
Phase 423 trials · 6 met primary · 3 missed
Phase 4 NCT07447063 Aug 2026 → Mar 2028 expected atopic eczema University of California, San Francisco Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT07487831 Jul 2026 → Mar 2028 expected atopic eczema, psoriasis University of California, San Francisco Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT06242795 Oct 2024 → Jun 2026 overdue bronchiectasis University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT06441162 Jul 2024 → May 2025 acute bronchiolitis NYU Langone Health Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT07108881 May → Dec 2024 acute hypotension University Tunis El Manar Completed Met primary
Phase 4 NCT06076590 Nov 2021 → May 2023 acquired aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage Capital Medical University Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT05109000 Nov 2021 → Jan 2022 — Jeffrey Alan Klein, MD Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT03880903 Jul 2020 → Mar 2021 acute bronchiolitis Assiut University Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT03068741 Mar 2020 → Nov 2025 infectious disease with sepsis Dr. Damon Scales Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT04222816 Jan 2020 → Dec 2021 bipolar disorder All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar Completed Met primary
Phase not applicable34 trials · 3 missed
— NCT07598188 Jul 2026 → Jan 2027 expected periapical periodontitis Islamabad Medical and Dental College Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
— NCT07490808 Mar → Jul 2026 overdue acute kidney injury, atrial fibrillation Beijing Anzhen Hospital Recruiting No outcome recorded
— NCT07267897 Mar → Jun 2026 overdue — Sakarya University Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
— NCT07452588 Feb → Aug 2026 overdue keratitis Sohag University Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
— NCT07260240 Dec 2025 → Mar 2026 — Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital, Thailand Completed No outcome recorded
— NCT07486245 Mar → Nov 2025 pulpitis CMH Multan Institute of Medical Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
— NCT06343493 Jun → Dec 2023 chronic rhinosinusitis Rawalpindi Medical College Completed No outcome recorded
— NCT05921695 May 2023 → Jun 2026 — Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Terminated No outcome recorded
— NCT05707936 Feb → Sep 2023 — Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Unknown No outcome recorded
— NCT05980494 Sep 2022 → May 2024 infectious disease with sepsis Fayoum University Hospital Completed No outcome recorded
Comparator or background therapy165 trials
Phase 0 NCT05505708 Comparator Dec 2022 → Jan 2023 pulmonary edema Kasr El Aini Hospital Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 0 NCT03330704 Comparator Nov 2017 → Jan 2020 brain edema Stanford University Withdrawn No outcome recorded
Phase 0 NCT03246282 Background Feb 2017 → Dec 2018 — John W. Reeves, MD Suspended No outcome recorded Stop: Business
Phase 0 NCT02989571 Comparator Mar 2016 → Dec 2020 — MemorialCare Health System Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT03340805 Comparator Jan → Aug 2018 — Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Completed No outcome recorded
Show all 165 trials opens the full record — a long page

Evidence & citations 28 cited values

Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 266 sources stand behind the page.

FieldValueCited text
Known as sodium Chloride “Following aspiration, an injection mixture consisting of 1 mL betamethasone, 1 mL of 2% lidocaine, and 1 mL of 0.9% isotonic sodium chloride is administered into the...” NCT07385560 ↗
122

“The aim of this study is to determine whether sodium bicarbonate is superior to sodium chloride in preventing contrast induced nephropathy in diabetic patients undergoing...” NCT00950079 ↗

“Treatment of the metabolic alkalosis with volume and sodium chloride (NaCl) replacement could reduce hypoventilation and hypercapnia, thereby improving symptoms, sleep patterns...” NCT00163852 ↗

“3% and 5% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic solution for fluid and electrolyte replenishment in single dose containers for intravenous...” NCT04147182 ↗

“The Active Rinse is a 25 ml of Hypertonic Saturated Saline solution made by mixing 10 grams of Sodium Chloride (Table Salt) in 25 ml of Tap water with some salt crystals deposited.” NCT04842721 ↗

“0.9 percent sodium chloride will be administered via IV route to all subjects at a rate of 250 mL/hour for 4 hours prior to dosing with LPS and 8 hours after dosing with LPS.” NCT03306589 ↗

“Patients were randomized to receive intravenous volume supplementation with either (A) sodium chloride 0.9% 1 mL/kg/h for at least 12h prior and after the procedure” PMID 22267245 ↗ Jan 2012

“Patients received 4 mL of 3% sodium chloride (hypertonic saline [HS group]) or 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline [NS group]) inhaled as many as 3 times in the ED.” PMID 24862623 ↗ Jul 2014

“0.9 % sodium chloride (NaCl) intravenous (IV) fluid replacement in children with moderate to severe dehydration secondary to acute gastroenteritis (AGE).” PMID 27480410 ↗ Aug 2016

“randomized to receive a 154-mEq/L infusion of either sodium chloride (n = 59) or sodium bicarbonate (n = 60) before and after iopamidol administration” PMID 15150204 ↗ May 2004

“The coload group received a sodium chloride 0.9% perfusion as rapidly as possible starting at the time of intrathecal injection for spinal anesthesia.” NCT03107598 ↗

Show 112 more sources

Known as 0,9% NaCl “After postoperative admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), patients will be randomly assigned to receive 5 ml/kg ideal body weight HS (7.3% NaCl) or normal saline (NS,...” PMID 31200756 ↗ Jun 2019
6

“Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) is an isotonic solution that is widely used for intravenous application but is also used as our SOC for wound irrigation.” NCT01939145 ↗

“Sodium chloride (0.9%) referred as 0.9% NaCl for 72 hours post symptom onset (60-72 hourspost randomization)” NCT05869565 ↗

“Tranexamic Acid would be diluted in 0,9% Sodium Chloride (0,9% NaCl) to cumulative volume of 20 ml.” NCT03070847 ↗

“Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)” NCT06953674 ↗

NCT00734214 ↗

NCT01573117 ↗

Known as 0.9% saline “In Phase A, 12 subjects will receive 2 litres of 0.9% saline BP (Baxter Health Care, Thetford, UK) or Plasmalyte® (Baxter Health Care, Thetford, UK).” NCT01087853 ↗
7

“A total of 1500 ml 0.9% saline hydration therapy was administered over 2.5 hours.” NCT07286526 ↗

“Drug : ringer lactate, 0.9% saline, VOLUVEN ®” NCT01972828 ↗

NCT02528448 ↗

NCT03420261 ↗

NCT03685214 ↗

NCT04512950 ↗

NCT01365793 ↗

Known as 0.9% sodium chloride “Participants assigned to the hydration group will receive 0.9% sodium chloride intravenously at 2 mL/kg/h starting when the participant enters the electrophysiology laboratory...” NCT07490808 ↗
Known as 0.9% Sodium Chloride for Injection USP “large quantity of ice-cold saline (0.9% Sodium Chloride for Injection USP) will be pumped as rapidly as possible into the aorta” NCT01042015 ↗
Known as 0.9% Sodium Chloride Saline “Isotonic Saline ( 0.9% Sodium Chloride Saline)” NCT04213508 ↗
Known as 0.9% sodium chloride solution “normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride solution)” NCT02590081 ↗
Known as 3% Sodium Chloride Saline “Hypertonic Saline ( 3% Sodium Chloride Saline)” NCT04213508 ↗
Known as hypersel “Hypertonic saline at the concentration of 3% (hypersel) has been injected for years into echinococcal cysts to kill live scolices” NCT04147182 ↗
Known as Hypertonic Saline “Patients will receive inhaled Hypertonic Saline 3%, initially with a 2 hour interval, and clinical evaluation prior to each inhalation.” NCT02045238 ↗
1

“Hypertonic Saline ( 3% Sodium Chloride Saline)” NCT04213508 ↗

Known as Isotonic Saline “Isotonic saline (NaCl 0.9%), called "physiological serum" is the standard fluid for the resuscitation of severely injured patients.” NCT03630224 ↗
17

“Isotonic Saline ( 0.9% Sodium Chloride Saline)” NCT04213508 ↗

NCT01742130 ↗

NCT04242368 ↗

NCT05953675 ↗

NCT06541535 ↗

NCT00709280 ↗

NCT02947126 ↗

NCT00953940 ↗

NCT02980003 ↗

NCT02378467 ↗

Show 7 more sources

Known as isotonic saline solution “isotonic saline solution infusion (fluid preloading) to achieve correction of hypovolemia before spinal anesthesia using cardiac ultrasoud guidance by measurment of VTI...” NCT07108881 ↗
1

NCT00702728 ↗

Known as NaCl “Treatment of the metabolic alkalosis with volume and sodium chloride (NaCl) replacement could reduce hypoventilation and hypercapnia, thereby improving symptoms, sleep patterns...” NCT00163852 ↗
10

“dispersible NaCl powder, 8 mg per session per hour (one administration in each nostril and two oral inhalations)” NCT05196581 ↗

“supplemental 3ml 0.9% Sodium chloride (NaCl) solution in a nasal nebuliser once a day for 3 months” NCT03011632 ↗

“0.9% Sodium Chloride (NaCl) saline will be used as nasal irrigation for two groups.” NCT04213508 ↗

“50 mL of 10% hypertonic sodium chloride (NaCl)” NCT07596329 ↗

“0.9 % sodium chloride (NaCl)” PMID 27480410 ↗ Aug 2016

“Sodium Chloride (NaCl) 0.9 %” NCT07188766 ↗

“Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)” NCT07486245 ↗

NCT01812525 ↗

NCT06158555 ↗

NCT00540904 ↗

Known as NaCl 0.9% ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT03630224 ↗
Known as Normal saline “Drug: 0.9% Isotonic Saline (IS) 4 mL of IS will be administered via inhalation twice daily for 48 weeks The delivery system is the same as that for the test product. Other...” NCT02950883 ↗
83

“The purpose of this study is to compare a large volume ACE flush using a salt water solution called normal saline with a small volume ACE flush using liquid glycerin.” NCT02435069 ↗

“Patient will receive normal saline or Ringer lactate or other balance salt solution during fluid resuscitation for shock reversal.” NCT02782819 ↗

“Normal saline will be give to subjects in the standard arm as the current standard of care for an initial resuscitation fluid” NCT01838863 ↗

“The placebo group is resuscitated with normal saline, the experimental group is resuscitated with balanced fluid.” NCT03188614 ↗

“Basal infusion of crystalloid (normal saline,Ringer's lactate,Ringer's solution)variable from 4 to 12 ml/kg/hour.” NCT01882920 ↗

“0.9% Normal Saline (0.9% Sodium Chloride) injection intravenously as needed.” NCT02668952 ↗

“stoma enemas (20mlkgdo of normal saline 3 times a day) will be prescribed” NCT02530346 ↗

“0.9% normal saline infusion and boluses of mannitol” NCT01111682 ↗

“normal saline, dextrose, lactated Ringer's” NCT02632630 ↗

“Drug: Normal saline” NCT05209841 ↗

Show 73 more sources

Known as normal saline solution “The aim of this study was to show that 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 achieves a better resuscitation of the microcirculation than normal saline solution (SS), during...” PMID 20813485 ↗ Sep 2010
3

“Ringer lactate solution (RLS) and normal saline solution (NSS) with dextrose water (D5W)” NCT06030609 ↗

“normal saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride)” NCT02707549 ↗

“Drug: Normal Saline Solution” NCT02785133 ↗

Known as Normal saline. Isotonic saline. Sodium Chloride 0.9% . “Normal saline. Isotonic saline. Sodium Chloride 0.9% .” NCT00639912 ↗
Known as NSS “Ringer lactate solution (RLS) and normal saline solution (NSS) with dextrose water (D5W)” NCT06030609 ↗
Known as PARI Hyper-Sal “PARI Hyper-Sal™ Sodium Chloride Solution - 7%” NCT02276898 ↗
Known as physiological serum “Isotonic saline (NaCl 0.9%), called "physiological serum" is the standard fluid for the resuscitation of severely injured patients.” NCT03630224 ↗
Known as saline “Paramedics will administer up to 2 litres of intravenous saline (0.9%) to all patients regardless of systolic blood pressure, and reassessing this infusion after each 250ml are infused.” NCT03068741 ↗
32

“Isotonic or hypertonic saline or Ringer Lactate or any other crystalloids, at the necessary dose to restore hemodynamic for all ICU stay” NCT00318942 ↗

“Two types of fluids are commonly used. One is a salt water solution (saline) and the other is a starch water solution (pentastarch).” NCT00474162 ↗

“large quantity of ice-cold saline (0.9% Sodium Chloride for Injection USP) will be pumped as rapidly as possible into the aorta” NCT01042015 ↗

“Sodium chloride (0.9% saline) infusion is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution of sodium chloride in Water for Injections.” NCT03829488 ↗

“administration of mannitol or 3% saline for severe elevation of Intra Cranial Pressure” NCT04243655 ↗

“0.9% saline as distension medium as long as diathermy is not in use” NCT03166228 ↗

“followed by 0.9% saline intravenously at 1 ml/Kg/hr for 6 hours.” NCT00749827 ↗

“saline (0.9% sodium chloride)” NCT06076590 ↗

NCT01293084 ↗

NCT00799916 ↗

Show 22 more sources

Known as Saline and Listerine ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT04802408 ↗
Known as Saline solution “If there is contraindication for administration of bicarbonate the pattern of intravenous hydration is performed with saline solution: 3 ml / kg / h for 1 hour before the...” NCT02872155 ↗
3

“Comparison of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and saline solution for resuscitation of the microcirculation during the early goal-directed therapy of septic patients.” PMID 20813485 ↗ Sep 2010

NCT01890252 ↗

NCT05505708 ↗

Known as Sodium chloride injection “Control group drug: Sodium chloride injection Manufacturer: Hua Run Shuang He Pharmaceutical Co., LTD.” NCT06076590 ↗
Known as Sodium chloride tablets “Drug: Sodium chloride tablets” NCT01654328 ↗