Drugs / Isoflurane
Isoflurane
also known as
Aerrane · COMPOUND 469 · Forane · Isoflurane Volatile Liquid · Isoflurane, (2-chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoro-ethane), Forane · Isoflurano
Other / unclassified targets KCNK10, KCNK18, KCNK2, KCNK3, KCNK9 via activation
Regulatory milestones approvals, filings & regulatory actions · 2 recorded
| Milestone | Jurisdiction | Brand | Indication | Date | Sentence it was read from |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Label expansion | US (FDA) | FORANE | — | 1982-02-22 | fda.gov ↗ |
| Approved | US (FDA) | FORANE | — | 1979-12-18 | fda.gov ↗ |
Trials 49 · a red edge is where a trial was stopped
| Phase | Registry id | Dates | Indication | Sponsor | Status | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 15 trials | ||||||
| Phase 1 | NCT05742789 | Nov 2021 → Jan 2023 | aortic valve insufficiency, mitral valve insufficiency | Astana Medical University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT05695287 | Jan 2021 → Nov 2022 | aortic valve insufficiency, coronary artery disorder, mitral valve insufficiency | Astana Medical University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT03569085 | Jun → Dec 2018 | heart disorder | Kathirvel Subramaniam | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT01640275 | Mar 2012 → Mar 2015 | — | Duke University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 1 | NCT01302353 | May → Sep 2010 | — | Sichuan University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 22 trials | ||||||
| Phase 2 | NCT05213832 | Jun 2020 → Dec 2022 | acquired aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage | A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT04171193 | Dec 2019 → Sep 2020 | major depressive disorder | University of Sao Paulo | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2/31 trial | ||||||
| Phase 2/3 | NCT01958138 | Apr → Dec 2012 | — | Aga Khan University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 311 trials | ||||||
| Phase 3 | NCT07099014 | Sep 2025 → Oct 2028 expected | cardiogenic shock | Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris | Not yet recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT05867472 | Oct 2023 → May 2026 overdue | — | Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT05327296 | Jun 2022 → May 2024 | — | Sedana Medical | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT05312385 | Apr 2022 → Apr 2024 | — | Sedana Medical | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT06809218 | Apr 2022 → Nov 2024 overdue | — | Sedana Medical | Active not recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT04684238 | Jan 2021 → Jan 2023 | — | Sedana Medical | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT04341350 | Aug 2020 → Sep 2025 overdue | — | University Hospital, Brest | Active not recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT04415060 | Jun 2020 → Mar 2026 overdue | COVID-19, respiratory failure | Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre | Active not recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT05696509 | Jan 2020 → Oct 2022 | aortic valve insufficiency, mitral valve insufficiency | Astana Medical University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT03588429 | Jan → Aug 2020 | — | Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT02512809 | Jul 2015 → Oct 2017 | hydrocephalus, poisoning | Nationwide Children's Hospital | Terminated | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 411 trials | ||||||
| Phase 4 | NCT07000526 | Dec 2025 → Mar 2027 expected | — | Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT04710914 | Dec 2020 | infectious disease with sepsis | University Hospital, Rouen | Terminated | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT03034096 | Jan 2017 → Sep 2024 | — | Stony Brook University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT02678650 | Jan 2016 → Jan 2017 | coronary artery disorder | Liang Zhang | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT02105610 | Apr 2014 → Oct 2017 | — | Vita-Salute San Raffaele University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT01477151 | Nov 2011 → Mar 2015 | coronary artery disorder, heart valve disorder | London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph's | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT01212523 | Nov 2009 → Dec 2011 | pulmonary hypertension | University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT00830843 | Jan 2009 → Jul 2011 | subarachnoid hemorrhage | Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo di Monza | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT00854178 | Mar 2008 → Dec 2009 | DNA repair disease | UPECLIN HC FM Botucatu Unesp | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT01111227 | Mar 2008 → Dec 2009 | — | UPECLIN HC FM Botucatu Unesp | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT00144118 | Jan 2002 → Aug 2005 | kidney failure | Austin Health | Terminated | No outcome recorded |
| Phase not applicable18 trials | ||||||
| — | NCT07435402 | May 2026 → Dec 2029 expected | critical illness polyneuropathy, myopathy | Charles University, Czech Republic | Not yet recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT07152912 | Sep 2025 → Mar 2026 overdue | Halothane hepatitis, disorder of defective peroxisome oxidative status, gallbladder disorder | Ain Shams University | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT07543523 | Apr 2025 → Jun 2026 overdue | — | Superior University | Active not recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT06311604 | Jun 2024 → Jun 2026 overdue | traumatic brain injury | University Hospital, Grenoble | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT06252207 | Dec 2023 → Mar 2026 | — | The Cleveland Clinic | Withdrawn | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT05639686 | Jan 2023 → Dec 2024 | cephalocele, chronic rhinosinusitis, paranasal sinus carcinoma, polyp | Our Lady of the Lake Hospital | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT05559970 | Nov 2022 → Sep 2023 | lung disorder | Mahidol University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT05693428 | Jan → Nov 2022 | coronary artery disorder | Astana Medical University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT03860129 | Dec 2014 → May 2017 | — | Ruhr University of Bochum | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT02185118 | Jun 2014 → Jun 2018 | infectious disease with sepsis | Air Force Military Medical University, China | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT01911195 | Jul 2013 → Feb 2015 | — | University of Michigan | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT01819012 | Mar → Nov 2013 | heart valve disorder, ischemic disease | Konkuk University Medical Center | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT01379664 | Jul 2011 → Apr 2013 | — | The Cleveland Clinic | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT01171833 | Jun → Oct 2010 | — | DongGuk University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT01031550 | Jan 2010 → Jan 2012 | liver disorder | Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey | Terminated | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT00815269 | Dec 2008 → Dec 2009 | — | Nanjing Medical University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT00615472 | Oct 2003 → Apr 2010 | Parkinson disease | Columbia University | Terminated | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT00434382 | Oct 2002 → Dec 2003 | — | Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase not stated1 trial | ||||||
| — | NCT07457593 | — | — | Sedana Medical | Available | No outcome recorded |
Also used as a comparator or background therapy in 57 trials
| Phase | Registry id | Dates | Indication | Sponsor | Status | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 01 trial | ||||||
| Phase 0 | NCT05993039 Comparator | Sep 2023 → Dec 2024 | auditory system disorder | Our Lady of the Lake Hospital | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 11 trial | ||||||
| Phase 1 | NCT05314569 Comparator | Apr → Sep 2022 | — | Cairo University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 22 trials | ||||||
| Phase 2 | NCT00000254 Comparator | Jan → Sep 1995 | substance-related disorder | University of Chicago | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2 | NCT00000251 Comparator | Apr 1994 → Jan 1996 | substance-related disorder | University of Chicago | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2/33 trials | ||||||
| Phase 2/3 | NCT06014138 Comparator | Nov 2023 → Jul 2027 expected | acute respiratory distress syndrome | Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2/3 | NCT06418893 Comparator | Aug 2023 → Oct 2024 | — | Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 2/3 | NCT01406678 Comparator | Jul 2008 → Mar 2018 | myocardial infarction | University Hospital, Essen | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 36 trials | ||||||
| Phase 3 | NCT06873906 Comparator | Mar 2025 → Mar 2026 overdue | heart septal defect | Ain Shams University | Not yet recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT06624592 Comparator | Dec 2024 → Nov 2026 expected | delirium | Mayo Clinic | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT05444751 Comparator | Mar 2022 → Sep 2026 expected | lumbar disk disease, radiculopathy | Hospital for Special Surgery, New York | Enrolling by invitation | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT04197570 Comparator | Feb → Mar 2020 | substance-related disorder | Benaroya Research Institute | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT02521831 Comparator | Oct 2015 → Dec 2017 | — | Emmett Whitaker, M.D. | Withdrawn | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 3 | NCT01839084 Comparator | Jul 2013 → Feb 2016 | — | RWTH Aachen University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 419 trials | ||||||
| Phase 4 | NCT07496593 Comparator | Dec 2025 → Dec 2026 expected | diabetes mellitus | Ain Shams University | Active not recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT06330038 Comparator | Aug 2024 → Dec 2028 expected | non-small cell lung carcinoma | Samsung Medical Center | Recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT04039854 Comparator | Nov 2019 → Nov 2021 | coronary artery disorder | King's College Hospital NHS Trust | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT04365686 Background | Apr 2019 → Apr 2020 | — | Fayoum University Hospital | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT03729011 Comparator | Jan 2019 → Jan 2024 | delirium | Meshalkin Research Institute of Pathology of Circulation | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT04074460 Comparator | Aug 2017 → Oct 2019 | breast cancer, colorectal cancer, cutaneous melanoma, lung cancer +1 | Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Australia | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT03146104 Comparator | Aug 2017 → Nov 2018 | — | Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT02953210 Background | Nov 2016 | neuropathy, painful, paralytic ileus | Federal University of São Paulo | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT03013075 Background | Nov 2016 → Dec 2017 | — | Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT02925611 Comparator | Jan 2016 → Mar 2017 | delirium | Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT02154074 Background | May → Oct 2014 | post-surgical hypoinsulinemia | Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT02111447 Comparator | Jan → Dec 2014 | delirium | State University of New York at Buffalo | Terminated | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT01993836 Comparator | Nov 2013 → Jan 2019 | Alzheimer disease, delirium, subjective cognitive decline | Duke University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT01601795 Comparator | Jul 2012 → Jan 2014 | myocardial disorder | University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT01397331 Comparator | Jul 2010 → Jun 2012 | postoperative ventricular dysfunction | Sheba Medical Center | Terminated | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT00922844 Comparator | May → Nov 2009 | hypotensive disorder | UMC Utrecht | Terminated | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT00575354 Comparator | Mar → Dec 2007 | breast benign neoplasm | Nanjing Medical University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT00333632 Background | Jun 2006 → Jun 2011 | — | Duke University | Withdrawn | No outcome recorded |
| Phase 4 | NCT00244517 Comparator | Jun 2004 → Apr 2010 | cardiac ventricle disorder | University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland | Terminated | No outcome recorded |
| Phase not applicable25 trials | ||||||
| — | NCT07460050 Comparator | Mar → Aug 2026 overdue | — | Hayatabad Medical Complex | Not yet recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT06625606 Comparator | Sep → Nov 2024 | — | Benha University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT06387836 Comparator | Apr 2024 → May 2025 | subjective cognitive decline | Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT06613893 Comparator | Jan → Dec 2024 overdue | type 2 diabetes mellitus | Ain Shams University | Active not recruiting | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT05825430 Background | Apr → Jun 2023 | — | Al-Azhar University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT04727515 Background | Jan → Apr 2021 | — | Ain Shams University | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT04614259 Background | Nov → Dec 2020 | — | Cairo University | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT04095754 Background | Apr → Oct 2020 | — | Ain Shams University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT04188314 Comparator | Feb 2020 → Feb 2022 | — | Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT03803267 Comparator | May 2019 → Jan 2020 | colorectal cancer | Mansoura University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT03569046 Comparator | Jul → Dec 2018 | — | Abd-Elazeem Abd-Elhameed Elbakry | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT02726620 Background | Jan → Dec 2017 | hypotensive disorder | Vanderbilt University Medical Center | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT02625181 Background | Jul 2016 → Nov 2017 | — | Vanderbilt University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT02739958 Comparator | Mar → Aug 2016 | larynx cancer | Mansoura University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT02326727 Comparator | Apr 2015 → Apr 2017 | colonic neoplasm | Hillel Yaffe Medical Center | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT02342509 Comparator | Sep → Dec 2014 | — | Ruhr University of Bochum | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT01903421 Comparator | Mar 2014 → Nov 2019 | Alzheimer disease | University Health Network, Toronto | Unknown | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT01983800 Comparator | Jul 2013 → Feb 2018 | — | University Health Network, Toronto | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT03882788 Comparator | Apr 2013 → Nov 2020 | congenital heart disease, neurodevelopmental disorder | Stanford University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT01772537 Comparator | May 2012 → Feb 2014 | abdominal aortic aneurysm, thoracic aortic aneurysm | Johns Hopkins University | Terminated | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT02794584 Comparator | Jan 2011 → Dec 2016 | ventricular septal defect | Nanjing Medical University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT01151254 Comparator | Sep 2009 → Jan 2012 | cardiac valvular defect | University Health Network, Toronto | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT00983918 Comparator | Sep 2009 → Jun 2010 | — | Baylor College of Medicine | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT00788008 Comparator | Nov 2008 → Dec 2013 | osteoarthritis, hip, osteoarthritis, knee, spondylosis, spondylosis, cervical | Duke University | Completed | No outcome recorded |
| — | NCT00521612 Comparator | Sep → Nov 2007 | — | General Hospital Dubrovnik | Completed | No outcome recorded |
Evidence & citations 16 cited values
Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 107 sources stand behind the page.
| Field | Value | Cited text |
|---|---|---|
| Known as | Isoflurane | “Maintenance of anesthesia will be achieved by isoflurane at an end tidal concentration of 1-1.5% in FiO2 of 0.5, intravenous fentanyl at a dose of 1 µg/kg in incremental...” NCT06873906 ↗105“Maintenance of general anesthesia: propofol infusion (50-150 μg.kg.min-1); ketamine infusion (up to 50 mg total); and inhaled anesthetic agent (isoflurane or sevoflurane) up to 0.5 MAC.” NCT05444751 ↗ “general anesthetic by midazolam 0.02 mg kg-1 , propofol 2-3 mg kg-1 and lidocaine 0.5 mg kg-1 , fentanyl 2 μg kg-1 , atracurium 0.5 mg kg-1 , isoflurane in 50% oxygen/air.” NCT03569046 ↗ “The intervention was maintenance of anesthesia with sevoflurane (n = 231) or isoflurane (n = 233) administered at a dose of 0.5-2.0 MAC throughout the entire operation.” PMID 27465213 ↗ Jul 2016 “The GAS group will receive one or more volatile anesthetics (sevoflurane, desflurane, or isoflurane) for induction and maintenance of anesthesia during the surgery.” NCT06330038 ↗ “general anesthesia maintained by isoflurane 1.5 volume % in 2 L\\min oxygen-air mixture 50:50 and atracurium 0.1 mg\\kg every 30 minutes, if needed.” NCT04365686 ↗ “Subsequently anesthesia will be maintained in both the groups, with isoflurane inhalation to maintain BIS values between 40 to 60.” NCT03013075 ↗ “Anaesthesia will be maintained using isoflurane 1 % in oxygen and air mixture 1:1 and atracurium 0.1 mg. Kg-1 every 20 mim.” NCT04095754 ↗ “Maintenance of general anesthesia with volatile agent (sevoflurane, desflurane, or isoflurane)” NCT03034096 ↗ “Anaesthesia is maintained by inhaled isoflurane in concentrations 0.7-0.8 % end-tidal” NCT02794584 ↗ “Anesthesia will be maintained with inhaled isoflurane, Iso-MAC from (0.7 to 1.4%)” NCT06613893 ↗ “Isoflurane 1,0 minimum alveolar concentration Propofol 2mg/kg and 4ug/ml” NCT00854178 ↗ “anesthesia was maintained with 1.5 % isoflurane and atracurium” NCT04614259 ↗ “Isoflurane titrated at the discretion of the anesthesiologist” NCT04197570 ↗ “Anaesthesia will be maintained by isoflurane 1.5 MAC” NCT05825430 ↗ “Inhalational sedation with isoflurane for 12 hours” NCT05559970 ↗ “Inhalational isoflurane in oxygen/air mixture” NCT03803267 ↗ |
| Known as | Aerrane | ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1256 ↗ |
| Known as | COMPOUND 469 | ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1256 ↗ |
| Known as | Forane | ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1256 ↗ |
| Known as | Isoflurane Volatile Liquid | “Drug: Isoflurane Volatile Liquid” NCT02953210 ↗ |
| Known as | Isoflurane, (2-chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoro-ethane), Forane | “Isoflurane, (2-chloro-2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1-trifluoro-ethane), Forane” NCT01406678 ↗ |
| Known as | Isoflurano | ChEMBL registry synonym — accepted as the source's own label CHEMBL1256 ↗ |
| Action | Activate | “Potassium channel subfamily K member 18 opener” CHEMBL1256 ↗4“Potassium channel subfamily K member 10 opener” CHEMBL1256 ↗ “Potassium channel subfamily K member 9 opener” CHEMBL1256 ↗ “Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 opener” CHEMBL1256 ↗ “Potassium channel subfamily K member 2 opener” CHEMBL1256 ↗ |
| Action | Inhibit | “100% oxygen or 0.5 MAC isoflurane/sevoflurane in 60% oxygen would inhibit increases of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 in the cell culture...” NCT02185118 ↗ |
| Modality | Other / unclassified | “Volatile anaesthetic isoflurane” NCT00521612 ↗ |
| Route | Other | “Subjects inhale 0.2% isoflurane” NCT00000251 ↗ |
| Target | KCNK10 | “Potassium channel subfamily K member 10 opener” CHEMBL1256 ↗ |
| Target | KCNK18 | “Potassium channel subfamily K member 18 opener” CHEMBL1256 ↗ |
| Target | KCNK2 | “Potassium channel subfamily K member 2 opener” CHEMBL1256 ↗ |
| Target | KCNK3 | “Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 opener” CHEMBL1256 ↗ |
| Target | KCNK9 | “Potassium channel subfamily K member 9 opener” CHEMBL1256 ↗ |