Estradiol

also known as 17β-estradiol · Estrace · oestradiol · 17-B Estradiol · Vagifem · 17-Beta Estradiol · Estrofem · Climara · +53 more

Other / unclassified targets ACE2 via inhibition

Developed for: postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis · breast cancer · osteoporosis · leiomyoma · prostate cancer · infertility disorder · HIV infectious disease · menstrual disorder
+93 more
· polycystic ovary syndrome · primary ovarian failure · anorexia nervosa · endometriosis · postpartum depression · urinary tract infection · depressive disorder · female infertility · hypogonadism · anovulation · atherosclerosis · cardiovascular disorder · estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer · female breast carcinoma · pelvic organ prolapse · schizoaffective disorder · schizophrenia · schizophreniform disorder · Turner syndrome · Asherman syndrome · cerebrovascular disorder · coronary artery disorder · COVID-19 · cystic fibrosis · endometrial polyp · functional hypothalamic amenorrhea · insomnia · major depressive disorder · muscular atrophy · overactive bladder · pelvis syndrome · post-traumatic stress disorder · premenstrual tension · primary dysmenorrhea · type 2 diabetes mellitus · adhesions of uterus · Alzheimer disease · arteriosclerosis disorder · atypical depressive disorder · body integrity dysphoria · bulimia nervosa · cancer · cognitive impairment with or without cerebellar ataxia · cystitis · dysmenorrhea · eating disorder · fibromyalgia · frozen shoulder · hemometra · hemorrhagic disease · hypogonadism, male · idiopathic hypercalciuria · intracranial berry aneurysm · male infertility · metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease · migraine disorder · mood disorder · multiple sclerosis · musculoskeletal system disorder · myocardial ischemia · ovarian disorder · pregnancy disorder · pregnancy disorder with abortive outcome · premature menopause · progesterone-receptor positive breast cancer · prostate disorder · psychotic disorder · rotator cuff syndrome · sexual disorder · skin atrophy · stroke disorder · systemic lupus erythematosus · triple-negative breast carcinoma · type 1 diabetes mellitus · ulcer of lower limbs · uterine benign neoplasm · uterine disorder · anus disorder · bacterial vaginosis · breast disorder · breast neoplasm · cervix disorder · female infertility due to oocyte meiotic arrest · labia minora, incomplete adhesion of · metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis · obstetric disorder · physiological sexual disorder · postmenopausal osteoporosis · reproductive system disorder · ulceration of vulva · vaginal discharge · vasomotor rhinitis · vulvodynia
Investigated by: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) · Organon and Co · Novo Nordisk A/S · Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) · National Institute on Aging (NIA) · University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
+254 more
· Massachusetts General Hospital · National Cancer Institute (NCI) · University of Colorado, Denver · Bayer · National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) · Johns Hopkins University · Myovant Sciences GmbH · AbbVie · Mayo Clinic · University of Aarhus · University of Illinois at Chicago · University of Virginia · Warner Chilcott · Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center · Medical University of Vienna · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) · National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) · National Institutes of Health (NIH) · Stanley Medical Research Institute · Teva Pharmaceuticals USA · TherapeuticsMD · University of Chicago · University of Wisconsin, Madison · Ain Shams University · American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists · American Urogynecologic Society · Emory University · Federal State Budget Institution Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Ministry of Healthcare · Federal University of São Paulo · Mahidol University · Medical Research Council · Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center · Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC · NYU Langone Health · National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression · National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) · Northwestern University · Pfizer · Renovo · Solvay Pharmaceuticals · Sumitomo Pharma Switzerland GmbH · Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University · Thomas Jefferson University · University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center · University of Arizona · University of California, San Francisco · University of Delaware · University of Michigan · University of Palermo · University of Roma La Sapienza · University of South Florida · University of Washington · Walter Reed National Military Medical Center · Washington University School of Medicine · Yale University · AHS Cancer Control Alberta · ASCEND Therapeutics · Aalborg University · Aarhus University Hospital · Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam · Actavis Inc. · Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University · Albert Einstein College of Medicine · Alexandria University · Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology · Alvogen Pine Brook LLC · Anna Posadzy-Małaczyńska · BHR Pharma, LLC · Bayside Health · Beijing Tiantan Hospital · Beijing University of Chinese Medicine · Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital · Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · Bio Genuine (Shanghai) Biotech Co., Ltd. · all 260 on the full record

Regulatory milestones approvals, filings & regulatory actions · 11 recorded

Milestone	Jurisdiction	Brand	Indication	Date	Sentence it was read from
Label expansions (2)	US (FDA)	DIVIGEL	—	2018-08-17 – 2019-12-12	fda.gov ↗
Label expansion	US (FDA)	MINIVELLE	—	2014-09-23	fda.gov ↗
Approved	EU (EMA)	Zoely	—	2011-07-26	europa.eu ↗
Label expansion	US (FDA)	VAGIFEM	—	2009-11-25	fda.gov ↗
Label expansion	US (FDA)	ESTRADIOL	—	2002-05-03	fda.gov ↗
Label expansions (2)	US (FDA)	CLIMARA	—	1997-04-11 – 2001-04-05	fda.gov ↗
Label expansion	US (FDA)	VIVELLE	—	2000-02-25	fda.gov ↗
Label expansion	US (FDA)	ESTRADERM	—	1991-10-24	fda.gov ↗
Approved	US (FDA)	ESTRACE	—	1975-07-23	fda.gov ↗

Trials 281 · started per year

today

US approved 1975

EU approved 2011

197419751976197719781979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202220232024202520262027202820292030

Phase	Registry id	Dates	Indication	Sponsor	Status	Outcome
Phase 08 trials
Phase 0	NCT06369363	Sep 2026 → Sep 2028 expected	cardiovascular disorder	Milton S. Hershey Medical Center	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT05458375	Dec 2022 → Apr 2023	pelvic organ prolapse	University of South Florida	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT03973229	Nov 2019 → Apr 2025	post-traumatic stress disorder	Emory University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT04036500	Sep 2019 → Jul 2020	—	Medical College of Wisconsin	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT03401047	Nov 2017 → Oct 2025 overdue	polycystic ovary syndrome	University of Virginia	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT03069781	May 2017 → May 2018	muscular atrophy	McMaster University	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT02486757	Apr 2015 → Mar 2016	menstrual disorder	Massachusetts General Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT02042196	Dec 2013 → May 2016	—	University of Colorado, Denver	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 130 trials
Phase 1	NCT06704516	Jan → Aug 2025 overdue	metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease	University of Oxford	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT05900895	Jul 2024 → Dec 2027 expected	breast cancer	Mary D Chamberlin	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT06546397	May 2024 → Sep 2025 overdue	pregnancy disorder	Women's Hospital School Of Medicine Zhejiang University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT04283656	Jan → Oct 2022	HIV infectious disease	Thomas Jefferson University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT05678192	Dec 2021 → Mar 2023	—	Federal State Budget Institution Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Ministry of Healthcare	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT04760691	Mar 2021 → Mar 2025	HIV infectious disease	Johns Hopkins University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT04714554	Jan → Mar 2021	—	Myovant Sciences GmbH	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT05418426	Aug 2020 → Apr 2021	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Daré Bioscience, Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT04021017	Jan 2020 → Dec 2022	anorexia nervosa	University of Saskatchewan	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03681691	May 2019 → Jul 2021	dementia, type 2 diabetes mellitus	Wake Forest University Health Sciences	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT03556800	May 2018 → Jun 2022	—	Viramal Limited	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02792153	Dec 2016 → Aug 2018	anorexia nervosa	Johns Hopkins University	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT04330677	Sep 2016 → Jan 2020	—	University Hospital, Bonn	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT04978688	Jun → Sep 2016	—	Myovant Sciences GmbH	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01862835	May 2013 → Sep 2016	—	Mayo Clinic	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02673606	Jan 2013 → Apr 2019	specific phobia	NYU Langone Health	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01265017	Jul 2012 → Jun 2020	type 1 diabetes mellitus	Sansum Diabetes Research Institute	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT02349113	Feb → Sep 2012	osteoporosis	Mayo Clinic	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01293747	Feb → Aug 2011	—	Productos Científicos S. A. de C. V.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01085877	Mar → May 2010	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Novo Nordisk A/S	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00870220	Apr 2009 → Mar 2011	Turner syndrome	University of Chicago	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00864214	Jun 2008 → Dec 2009	—	Mayo Clinic	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00779532	May → Nov 2008	—	Organon and Co	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01596010	Oct → Nov 2007	—	Novo Nordisk A/S	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00711607	May → Sep 2007	—	Organon and Co	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01157182	Feb → Apr 2007	—	Teva Pharmaceuticals USA	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01486979	Jan → May 2007	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Novo Nordisk A/S	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01477632	Mar → Jun 2005	—	Novo Nordisk A/S	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00001259	Aug 1992 → Feb 2020	premenstrual tension	National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00044837	—	HIV infectious disease	National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)	Terminated	No outcome recorded

Phase 1/25 trials
Phase 1/2	NCT04685148	Feb 2021 → Dec 2026 expected	major depressive disorder, postpartum depression	Vibe G Frøkjær, MD, PhD	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT05737329	Mar 2019 → Apr 2023	primary ovarian failure	Federal State Budget Institution Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Ministry of Healthcare	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT02726971	Apr → Aug 2016	Asherman syndrome	Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT01268046	Nov 2009 → Dec 2013	amnestic disorder	Massachusetts General Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT00001322	Jun 1994 → Mar 2020	—	National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 254 trials
Phase 2	NCT06318403	Mar 2028 → Dec 2030 expected	rotator cuff syndrome	University of Utah	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT07041814	Feb 2026 → Apr 2029 expected	Turner syndrome	Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT06686537	Feb 2025 → Oct 2026 expected	female infertility, obesity disorder	University of Colorado, Denver	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT06279195	Jun 2024 → Nov 2025	pelvis syndrome	Endeavor Health	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT06191289	Mar → Dec 2024	—	University of Illinois at Chicago	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT06271551	Mar 2024 → Dec 2028 expected	prostate cancer	Central Finland Hospital District	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT06005610	Jan 2024 → Aug 2025	HIV infectious disease	National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT05982470	Aug 2023 → Jun 2025	cerebrovascular disorder, cognitive impairment with or without cerebellar ataxia	Beijing Tiantan Hospital	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT05716516	May 2023 → May 2027 expected	breast cancer	Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT05472779	Jan 2023 → Jun 2025	urinary tract infection	Stephanie Wang Zuo	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT05095597	Apr 2022 → Jan 2025	Asherman syndrome	IVI Foundation	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03875378	Aug 2020 → Aug 2028 expected	anorexia nervosa	Pouneh K. Fazeli, MD	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT05774405	Jul 2020 → Jul 2021	COVID-19	Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT04359329	Apr → Jul 2020	COVID-19	Sharon Nachman	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT06654570	Apr 2020 → Oct 2024	breast cancer	Helsinki University Central Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT04225221	Feb 2020 → Apr 2022	bulimia nervosa	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT04051320	Jan 2020 → Jul 2022	postpartum depression	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03941730	Aug 2019 → Jul 2024 overdue	female breast carcinoma, triple-negative breast carcinoma	Mayo Clinic	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03740204	Jun 2019 → Dec 2025 overdue	eating disorder, hypogonadism	Massachusetts General Hospital	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02188745	Mar 2016 → Jan 2024	breast cancer	Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02670785	Feb → Nov 2016	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Warner Chilcott	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02238808	Aug 2015 → Jul 2018 overdue	estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer	AHS Cancer Control Alberta	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02475265	Jul 2015 → Jun 2018	anorexia nervosa, osteoporosis	Massachusetts General Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02349386	Jul 2015 → Jun 2017	prostate cancer	BHR Pharma, LLC	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01984138	Sep 2013 → Jun 2025 overdue	estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer	Polly A. Niravath, MD	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01923298	Aug 2013 → Jun 2018	breast cancer	University of Arizona	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01928082	Aug 2013 → Aug 2014	idiopathic hypercalciuria, osteoporosis	University of Chicago	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01817530	Apr 2013 → Jun 2015	leiomyoma, uterine disorder	AbbVie	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01895881	Apr 2013 → Dec 2018	intracranial berry aneurysm	Rush University Medical Center	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01670656	Jan → Sep 2013	dysmenorrhea	Organon and Co	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01709318	Dec 2012 → Oct 2013	—	Organon and Co	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01586000	Mar 2012 → May 2015	anovulation	Kimberly Myer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01310647	Jun 2011 → Dec 2012	ovarian disorder	La Fe Health Research Institute	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01126801	May 2010 → Feb 2011	—	Massachusetts General Hospital	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01083641	Jan 2010 → Jun 2013	breast cancer	University of Wisconsin, Madison	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00997893	Dec 2009 → May 2015	—	University of Illinois at Chicago	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00866437	Apr 2009 → May 2010	premenstrual tension	EVE Medical Systems Ltd.	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00661531	Apr 2008 → Jun 2015	breast cancer	Georgetown University	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00631124	Feb → Oct 2008	—	Bayer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00459810	Feb 2007 → Jul 2009	prostate cancer	OHSU Knight Cancer Institute	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00370019	Aug 2006 → Dec 2011	primary ovarian failure	Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00302731	Feb 2006 → Jan 2014	premature menopause	Jeanne Drisko, MD, CNS, FACN	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01153581	Feb 2006 → Dec 2012	—	Yale University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00176644	May 2005 → Dec 2008	prostate cancer	University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00984386	Mar → Apr 2005	—	Renovo	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00167648	Mar 2005 → Dec 2006	prostate cancer	University of Washington	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01553773	Jul 2004 → Mar 2005	muscular atrophy	Federal University of São Paulo	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00080756	Mar 2004 → Sep 2024 overdue	BRCA1-related cancer predisposition, BRCA2-related cancer predisposition, breast cancer	City of Hope Medical Center	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02033512	Jan 2003 → Jan 2004	—	University Potiguar	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00206557	Oct 2002 → Apr 2007	schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder	The Alfred	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00586898	Jul 2001 → Mar 2009	cancer, prostate disorder	Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00206570	Jan 2001 → Dec 2004	schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder	Bayside Health	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00005108	Apr 2000 → Jan 2002	atherosclerosis	National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00001481	Apr 1996 → Oct 2024	postpartum depression	National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 2/38 trials
Phase 2/3	NCT03479879	Mar → Dec 2018	pregnancy disorder with abortive outcome	Ain Shams University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT02485821	Jun 2015 → Feb 2016	—	Ain Shams University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT01308814	Oct 2010 → Mar 2016	depressive disorder	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT00775242	Apr 2007 → Nov 2008	—	Centro A.F. de Estudios Tecnologicos, S.A.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT00268476	Jul 2005 → Mar 2026 overdue	prostate cancer	Medical Research Council	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT00088153	Jul 2003 → Feb 2011	anorexia nervosa	Massachusetts General Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT00066157	Sep 2001 → Dec 2007	Alzheimer disease	University of Wisconsin, Madison	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT00115024	Apr 1994 → Nov 1998	atherosclerosis	National Institute on Aging (NIA)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 364 trials
Phase 3	NCT07100782	Dec 2025 → Aug 2028 expected	endometriosis, pelvis syndrome	University of Michigan	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT06969326	May 2025 → Sep 2026 expected	—	Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT05862272	Aug 2023 → Jul 2029 expected	endometriosis, leiomyoma	Sumitomo Pharma Switzerland GmbH	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT05620355	Dec 2022 → May 2024	leiomyoma	Bio Genuine (Shanghai) Biotech Co., Ltd.	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT05617820	Nov 2022 → Mar 2024	—	Teva Pharmaceuticals USA	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT05264506	Feb 2022 → Jan 2024	—	Organon and Co	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT04756037	Mar 2021 → Feb 2025	—	Sumitomo Pharma Switzerland GmbH	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT04192266	Jun 2020 → May 2024	post-traumatic stress disorder	The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03986944	May 2019 → Jan 2021	endometriosis	Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03568708	Nov 2018 → Jan 2023	primary ovarian failure	Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03343067	Dec 2017 → Oct 2018	endometriosis	AbbVie	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03204331	Nov 2017 → Apr 2020	endometriosis	Myovant Sciences GmbH	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03271489	Sep 2017 → Jun 2024	leiomyoma	AbbVie	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03049735	Apr 2017 → Apr 2019	leiomyoma	Myovant Sciences GmbH	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03070899	Apr 2017 → Apr 2020	leiomyoma	ObsEva SA	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02884245	Nov 2016 → Jul 2022	infertility disorder	Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Creteil	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03294538	May 2016 → Feb 2017	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Actavis Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02770365	May → Nov 2016	—	Padagis LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02922348	Mar 2016 → Dec 2018	primary ovarian failure	University of Pennsylvania	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02995694	Mar → Dec 2016	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Alvogen Pine Brook LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02668783	Feb → Sep 2016	primary dysmenorrhea	Organon and Co	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02668822	Feb → Sep 2016	primary dysmenorrhea	Organon and Co	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02691494	Feb 2016 → Feb 2018	leiomyoma	AbbVie	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02668796	Jan → Sep 2016	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd. India	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03848234	Dec 2015 → Jul 2016	schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder	Tangent Data	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02616146	Dec 2015 → Oct 2016	—	Organon and Co	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02224313	Dec 2015 → Aug 2018	—	Intira Sriprasert	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02524288	Aug 2015 → Sep 2016	—	Organon and Co	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02253173	Sep 2014 → Oct 2015	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	TherapeuticsMD	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02195986	Jun → Dec 2014	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01942668	Aug 2013 → Oct 2016	—	TherapeuticsMD	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01723579	Jul 2013 → May 2015	—	Organon and Co	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01845649	Apr → Nov 2013	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Warner Chilcott	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01753102	Nov 2012 → Apr 2013	skin atrophy	Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc.	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01455597	Oct 2011 → Dec 2012	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Warner Chilcott	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01501422	Jul 2011 → Jan 2012	—	Chulalongkorn University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01400776	Jun 2011 → Feb 2012	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Warner Chilcott	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00905723	May 2009 → May 2010	—	Federal University of São Paulo	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00687739	May 2008 → Jun 2014	obesity disorder	University of Colorado, Denver	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02847806	Jan 2008 → Dec 2015	hypogonadism, male	University Hospital, Caen	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00522873	Aug 2007 → Aug 2009	—	Bayer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00446199	Mar 2007 → Oct 2008	—	Bayer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00426972	Jan 2007 → Jul 2008	ulcer of lower limbs	Renovo	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00431132	Jan 2007 → Nov 2008	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Novo Nordisk A/S	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00511433	Oct 2006 → Jan 2008	—	Organon and Co	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00511342	Sep 2006 → Jun 2009	—	Organon and Co	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00413062	Jun 2006 → Aug 2008	—	Organon and Co	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00511199	May 2006 → Apr 2008	—	Organon and Co	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00303784	Mar 2006 → Aug 2021	anemia, osteoporosis, prostate cancer	University College, London	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00185237	Jul 2005 → Nov 2006	—	Bayer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00127075	Jun 2005 → Apr 2012	multiple sclerosis	Hospices Civils de Lyon	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00160316	Apr 2005 → Dec 2007	—	Solvay Pharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00108849	Mar 2005 → May 2007	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Novo Nordisk A/S	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00727129	Jul 2004 → Aug 2005	—	Upsher-Smith Laboratories	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00184795	May 2004 → May 2005	—	Novo Nordisk A/S	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00310531	Feb 2004 → Jun 2007	—	Bayer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00391417	Sep 2003 → Apr 2005	—	BioSante Pharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00560924	Mar 2003 → Mar 2004	urinary tract infection	Novo Nordisk A/S	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00043069	Nov 2002 → Jun 2006	osteoporosis, prostate cancer	Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00003771	Sep 1997 → Feb 2004	breast cancer	Regional Oncologic Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00000559	Mar 1995 → Aug 2001	coronary artery disorder, myocardial ischemia	National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00464971	Jan 1995 → Nov 1996	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Novo Nordisk A/S	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00465192	Aug 1994 → Nov 1995	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Novo Nordisk A/S	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00026039	Dec 1993 → ?	stroke disorder	National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 471 trials
Phase 4	NCT07420218	Sep 2026 → Jun 2030 expected	—	University of Delaware	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT07526948	Jun 2026 → Jun 2031 expected	HIV infectious disease, postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Albert Einstein College of Medicine	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT07278323	Jan → Dec 2026 expected	frozen shoulder	University of California, San Francisco	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06497894	Jan → Jul 2026 overdue	insomnia	Insel Gruppe AG, University Hospital Bern	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT07580950	Oct 2025 → Jun 2028 expected	functional hypothalamic amenorrhea	Peking Union Medical College Hospital	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06306404	Oct 2025 → Oct 2029 expected	insomnia	VU University of Amsterdam	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06780163	Jun → Nov 2025	overactive bladder	Mahidol University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT07160504	Mar → Dec 2025 overdue	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	University of Aarhus	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06798571	Mar 2025 → Sep 2026 expected	—	Penn State University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05457972	Feb 2025 → Sep 2026 expected	sexual disorder	University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06808347	Feb → Jun 2025 overdue	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Walter Reed National Military Medical Center	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06610305	Sep 2024 → Jun 2028 expected	major depressive disorder	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06253702	Jul 2024 → May 2025	cerebrovascular disorder	University of Wisconsin, Madison	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06455969	Jul 2024 → Aug 2026 overdue	hypogonadism, musculoskeletal system disorder	Bradley Nindl	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06353269	Jun 2024 → Jun 2027 expected	hypogonadism, urinary tract infection	University of California, Irvine	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06264882	Jun 2024 → May 2028 expected	—	University of Colorado, Denver	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05903820	Jul 2023 → Oct 2024	osteoporosis	Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05704036	May 2023 → Jan 2027 expected	cystic fibrosis, hypogonadism	Johns Hopkins University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06324851	Jan → Aug 2023	endometrial polyp	University of Palermo	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06316219	Jan → Aug 2023	endometrial polyp	University of Palermo	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05538689	Nov 2022 → Oct 2024	leiomyoma, menstrual disorder	University of Chicago	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05221021	Oct 2022 → Dec 2026 expected	overactive bladder	Walter Reed National Military Medical Center	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05388656	Jun 2022 → Dec 2024	mood disorder	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05282277	Apr 2022 → Dec 2026 expected	atypical depressive disorder, depressive disorder, psychotic disorder	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05551949	Jan 2022 → Jun 2025	cystitis, urinary tract infection	Johns Hopkins University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05156814	Nov 2021 → Sep 2022	—	Scientific Research Institute of Public Health, Russian Federation	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05021094	Oct 2021 → Dec 2023	primary ovarian failure	Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04255160	Oct 2020 → Sep 2026 expected	—	University of Delaware	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04112368	Sep 2020 → Aug 2024	—	University of Illinois at Chicago	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04079218	Sep 2020 → Aug 2023	HIV infectious disease, postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis, premature aging syndrome	Kerry Murphy	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05197374	Jun 2020 → Feb 2021	female infertility	Alexandria University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04190927	Jun 2020 → Jun 2023	menstrual disorder	Women's Hormone Network	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04050592	Feb 2020 → Dec 2022	atherosclerosis	Hanna Savolainen-Peltonen	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04043520	Sep 2019 → Aug 2024	abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome	University of Colorado, Denver	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03724955	Apr 2019 → Jun 2021	cystic fibrosis	Emory University	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03493126	Oct 2018 → Sep 2020	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Ohio State University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04671966	Sep 2018 → Dec 2024	heart disorder	The University of Texas at Arlington	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03498313	Jul 2018 → May 2021	—	University of Illinois at Chicago	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02715232	Feb 2017 → Dec 2020	body integrity dysphoria	Medical University of Vienna	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03779633	Feb 2017 → Aug 2020	pelvic organ prolapse	Medical University of Vienna	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03077555	Jan 2017 → Feb 2018	anovulation	Mahidol University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03720847	Dec 2016 → Nov 2017	—	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03033160	Dec 2016 → Oct 2019	—	Boston Urogynecology Associates	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02860897	Jul 2016 → Apr 2017	—	University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02255175	Oct 2015 → Oct 2018	—	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02264743	Nov 2013 → Nov 2014	venous thromboembolism	Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01958073	Oct 2013 → Dec 2017	urinary tract infection	University of California, San Diego	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01715025	Apr 2013 → Apr 2015	menstrual disorder	Sydney Centre for Reproductive Health Research	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01295892	Dec 2011 → Mar 2013	—	Rio de Janeiro State University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01237535	Nov 2011 → Nov 2013	male infertility	Rabin Medical Center	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01251263	Oct 2010 → Oct 2012	menstrual disorder, migraine disorder	Scott and White Hospital & Clinic	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01430650	Jul 2010 → Oct 2014	infertility disorder	Parc de Salut Mar	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01065220	Feb 2010 → Jan 2014	—	Medical University of Vienna	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02618148	Jan 2009 → Jun 2015	—	Trieu, Nguyen Thi, M.D.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00826839	Jan 2009 → Sep 2010	infertility disorder	Weill Medical College of Cornell University	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00785317	Nov 2008 → Oct 2009	—	Karolinska Institutet	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00744328	Aug 2008 → Sep 2013	postpartum depression	Northwestern University	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00701337	Sep 2006 → Jan 2010	—	University Hospital, Toulouse	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00185328	Sep 2005 → Dec 2006	—	Bayer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00195455	Feb 2005 → Mar 2007	—	Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00160173	Dec 2004 → Sep 2005	—	ASCEND Therapeutics	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00227942	Aug 2003 → Nov 2007	depressive disorder, sleep disorder, initiating and maintaining sleep	Hadine Joffe, MD	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00108238	Apr 2003 → Dec 2006	—	US Department of Veterans Affairs	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00294463	Feb 2003 → Mar 2005	osteoporosis	Erasmus Medical Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00431093	Nov 2002 → Mar 2005	—	Organon and Co	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00732693	Feb 2002 → Nov 2006	primary ovarian failure	University of Edinburgh	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00224094	Jan 2002 → May 2003	—	Watson Pharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01705249	Aug 2001 → Jun 2003	—	Novo Nordisk A/S	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03921736	Jan 2000 → Mar 2001	essential hypertension	Anna Posadzy-Małaczyńska	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00361075	Jul 1998 → May 2005	cardiovascular disorder	Northwestern University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00252408	Oct 1990 → Dec 2003	osteoporosis	University of Aarhus	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase not applicable41 trials
—	NCT07620587	Jun 2026 → Aug 2028 expected	—	Wilfrid Laurier University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07212712	Apr → Dec 2026 expected	vascular disorder	University of British Columbia	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07568574	Mar 2026 → May 2028 expected	—	Enhanced Emirates Limited	Enrolling by invitation	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07617454	Feb 2026 → Aug 2027 expected	—	Mette Hansen	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07173127	Sep 2025 → Dec 2026 expected	uterine benign neoplasm	University Hospital, Geneva	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06715514	Feb 2025 → Dec 2026 expected	type 2 diabetes mellitus	Lia Bally	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06136208	Dec 2023 → Oct 2024	—	Science Valley Research Institute	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06358014	May 2023 → Dec 2024	depressive disorder	Xiao Wang	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07145281	Nov 2022 → Nov 2024	coagulation protein disease, vascular hemostatic disease	Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07398924	Jan 2022 → Jun 2023	anovulation, female infertility	Yuzuncu Yil University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06312033	Aug 2018 → Jul 2019	—	International Research Training Group 2804	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT03578172	Jul 2018 → Oct 2019	adhesions of uterus, female infertility	Reproductive & Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT03043924	Sep 2017 → Apr 2022	polycystic ovary syndrome	University Hospital, Lille	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT03651427	Feb 2017 → Mar 2019	—	Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02984696	Mar 2015 → Oct 2016	functional hypothalamic amenorrhea	Catholic University of the Sacred Heart	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01762943	Aug 2013 → Oct 2016	postpartum depression	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01790282	Mar 2013 → Dec 2014	infertility disorder	Mansoura Integrated Fertility Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01659008	Jun 2012 → Dec 2015	menstrual disorder	Kay I Waud MD PhD	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01648751	May 2012 → Mar 2023	pelvic organ prolapse	Pamela Moalli	Terminated	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01546454	Feb → Jun 2012	coronary artery disorder	Oregon Health and Science University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01780610	Jan 2012 → Jan 2015	infertility disorder	Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01633814	Sep 2011 → Aug 2015	—	University of Missouri-Columbia	Terminated	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01381016	Jun 2011 → Jan 2013	infertility disorder, obesity disorder	University of Colorado, Denver	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01428245	Apr 2011 → May 2013	polycystic ovary syndrome	University of Virginia	Terminated	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01385280	Feb 2011 → Jan 2013	estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer, female breast carcinoma, progesterone-receptor positive breast cancer	University of Arizona	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01780558	Jan 2010 → Jan 2015	infertility disorder	Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00984399	Sep 2009 → May 2024	female breast carcinoma, postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00789802	Nov 2008 → Jan 2010	hemorrhagic disease	Washington University School of Medicine	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00805207	Sep 2007 → Mar 2013	obesity disorder, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome	Washington University School of Medicine	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00563576	Sep 2007 → Feb 2009	hemometra	Columbia University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00608062	Mar 2007 → Oct 2012	arteriosclerosis disorder	University of Colorado, Denver	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01428193	Sep 2006 → Aug 2017	polycystic ovary syndrome	University of Virginia	Terminated	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00307775	Mar 2006 → Oct 2011	—	London North West Healthcare NHS Trust	Terminated	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00668603	Aug 2005 → Mar 2008	cardiovascular disorder	University of Helsinki	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00435175	Jun 2005 → Jul 2006	—	University of Aarhus	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01087593	Aug 2001 → Oct 2007	fibromyalgia	Ostergotland County Council, Sweden	Terminated	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00006133	Jun 2000 → ?	systemic lupus erythematosus	National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01425541	Apr 2000 → Aug 2025	polycystic ovary syndrome	University of Virginia	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00825617	Oct 1996 → Oct 1999	Turner syndrome	University of Aarhus	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00877097	Jul 1996 → Dec 2002	osteoporosis	Kuopio University Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00029757	—	—	National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)	Completed	No outcome recorded

Also used as a comparator or background therapy in 127 trials

Phase	Registry id	Dates	Indication	Sponsor	Status	Outcome
Phase 04 trials
Phase 0	NCT05645393 Comparator	Jun 2024 → Mar 2025	—	University of Maryland, Baltimore	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT05645406 Comparator	May 2024 → Jun 2025	—	University of Maryland, Baltimore	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT04597099 Background	Oct 2022 → Oct 2025	polycystic ovary syndrome	University of Virginia	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 0	NCT05387577 Comparator	Dec 2021 → Nov 2022	blood coagulation disease	Medical College of Wisconsin	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 15 trials
Phase 1	NCT03837015 Comparator	Nov 2019 → Dec 2021	HIV infectious disease, bacterial vaginosis	McMaster University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT01810315 Background	Sep 2013 → Oct 2014	—	CONRAD	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00820664 Comparator	Dec 2008 → May 2009	—	Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00799708 Comparator	May → Oct 2008	—	Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1	NCT00649896 Comparator	Aug → Sep 2003	—	Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/24 trials
Phase 1/2	NCT05306405 Comparator	Feb → Aug 2022	cervix disorder	Ain Shams University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT00740194 Comparator	Aug → Dec 2008	—	University Hospital, Ghent	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT00455962 Comparator	Jan 2005 → Dec 2011	—	Massachusetts General Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 1/2	NCT00455741 Comparator	Nov 2000 → Feb 2007	—	Massachusetts General Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 221 trials
Phase 2	NCT07254429 Comparator	Oct 2025 → Dec 2027 expected	postmenopausal osteoporosis	Martin Blomberg Jensen	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT06179303 Background	Jul 2024 → Mar 2027 expected	female breast carcinoma, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer	University of Washington	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT04853069 Comparator	May 2021 → Feb 2022	COVID-19	Hamad Medical Corporation	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03844412 Comparator	Nov 2019 → Mar 2024	endometriosis, fibromyalgia, interstitial cystitis, irritable bowel syndrome +4	Duke University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03868202 Comparator	Jul → Nov 2019	—	Eastern Virginia Medical School	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03689543 Background	May 2019 → Sep 2024	—	National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT03815929 Comparator	Mar 2019 → Aug 2023	—	Mayo Clinic	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02455453 Background	Apr 2015 → Jan 2019	breast cancer	Washington University School of Medicine	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02316249 Comparator	Apr → Aug 2015	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis, ulceration of vulva	Northwell Health	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02449902 Comparator	Jul → Sep 2013	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	TherapeuticsMD	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT02467673 Comparator	Jan → Mar 2012	—	University Potiguar	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01441635 Background	Sep 2011 → Nov 2013	leiomyoma, uterine disorder	AbbVie	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01204840 Comparator	Sep 2010 → May 2015	infertility disorder, ovarian dysfunction	Ottawa Fertility Centre	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT01015677 Comparator	Dec 2009 → Jul 2010	—	Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00919919 Background	Jun 2009 → Sep 2010	endometrial cancer	Rabin Medical Center	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00873262 Comparator	Apr 2009 → May 2010	premenstrual tension	EVE Medical Systems Ltd.	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00796133 Comparator	Nov 2008 → Jan 2014	anovulation	Population Council	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00698035 Comparator	Mar 2007 → Oct 2012	physiological sexual disorder	University of California, San Francisco	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00357006 Comparator	Jul 2006 → Oct 2011	schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder	The Alfred	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00324259 Comparator	Aug 2004 → Mar 2011	breast neoplasm	Washington University School of Medicine	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 2	NCT00114517 Comparator	Jul 2004 → Feb 2013	atherosclerosis	University of Southern California	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 2/32 trials
Phase 2/3	NCT07260825 Comparator	Dec 2025 → Jul 2026 overdue	psychologic dyspareunia, vulvar lichen sclerosus, vulvodynia	TriHealth Inc.	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3	NCT05951413 Background	Jun → Sep 2023	—	Beni-Suef University	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 327 trials
Phase 3	NCT06644794 Comparator	Mar 2025 → Sep 2027 expected	female infertility	Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT06439524 Comparator	Aug 2024 → Jun 2028 expected	endometriosis	Main Line Health	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT05894954 Background	Jul 2023 → Oct 2025	cognitive impairment with or without cerebellar ataxia, dementia	Alzheimer's Prevention and Reversal Project, Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT05894135 Background	Jul 2023 → Jun 2024	endometriosis of pelvic peritoneum	Bio Genuine (Shanghai) Biotech Co., Ltd.	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT05658874 Background	Dec 2022 → Dec 2024	interstitial cystitis, levator syndrome	Jocelyn Fitzgerald	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03940807 Background	Apr 2022 → Jan 2025	adenomyosis	University Hospital, Toulouse	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT05586724 Comparator	Mar 2022 → Sep 2026 expected	—	Angelica Lindén Hirschberg	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT04833140 Comparator	Dec 2021 → May 2027 expected	metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis	Massachusetts General Hospital	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT05189873 Background	Jun 2021 → Jan 2022	female infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome	Tehran University of Medical Sciences	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT04232813 Comparator	Jan → Jun 2020	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Instituto Palacios	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT04093518 Comparator	Dec 2019 → Oct 2020	schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder	Tangent Data	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03992846 Background	Jun 2019 → Oct 2021	endometriosis	Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03332303 Comparator	Oct 2017 → Mar 2018	reproductive system disorder	Prasco LLC	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03412890 Background	Oct 2017 → Jan 2020	leiomyoma	Myovant Sciences GmbH	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT03238092 Comparator	Aug 2017 → Jan 2018	infertility disorder	Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02925494 Background	Sep 2016 → May 2018	leiomyoma	AbbVie	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02516202 Comparator	Apr 2016 → May 2017	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT02736032 Comparator	Mar 2016 → May 2018	infertility disorder	Cairo University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01973816 Background	Sep 2014 → Oct 2022	endometriosis	University Hospital, Rouen	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01816139 Comparator	Jan → Nov 2013	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Warner Chilcott	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01301183 Background	Feb 2011 → Mar 2019	anorexia nervosa	Massachusetts General Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00511355 Comparator	Oct 2006 → Jan 2008	—	Organon and Co	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00356447 Comparator	May 2006 → Oct 2007	vasomotor rhinitis	Bayer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00251082 Comparator	Dec 2005 → Oct 2007	—	Solvay Pharmaceuticals	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01389102 Comparator	Dec 2004 → Nov 2006	—	Lumara Health, Inc.	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT00413764 Comparator	Mar 2004 → Nov 2005	sexual disorder	Organon and Co	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 3	NCT01070979 Comparator	Feb → Sep 2003	—	Warner Chilcott	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase 432 trials
Phase 4	NCT06856174 Comparator	Apr 2026 → Sep 2027 expected	HIV infectious disease	Advancing Clinical Therapeutics Globally for HIV/AIDS and Other Infections	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT06896617 Comparator	Feb 2025 → Nov 2026 expected	infertility disorder	Fundacion Clinic per a la Recerca Biomédica	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05723601 Comparator	Jan 2024 → Jan 2027 expected	urinary tract infection	Wake Forest University Health Sciences	Active not recruiting	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05317364 Comparator	Jul 2022 → Feb 2026	anus disorder, obstetric disorder, sexual disorder	University of Alabama at Birmingham	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04933240 Comparator	May 2022 → Jun 2024	—	Virginia Commonwealth University	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04997525 Comparator	Apr 2021 → May 2024	infertility disorder	Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT05586711 Comparator	Dec 2020 → Dec 2024	postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Angelica Lindén Hirschberg	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03943823 Comparator	May 2019 → Mar 2021	bacterial vaginosis, vaginal discharge	The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03996057 Background	Jun 2018 → Feb 2022	female reproductive system disorder, urinary tract infection	Washington University School of Medicine	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03336437 Comparator	Feb 2018 → Aug 2019	—	Oregon Health and Science University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT04797338 Comparator	Dec 2017 → Sep 2021	ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, pregnancy disorder with abortive outcome	Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03240081 Comparator	Jun 2017 → Nov 2019	—	Oregon Health and Science University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03003949 Comparator	Jan 2017 → May 2020	—	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT03531437 Comparator	Mar 2016 → Jan 2018	thrombophilia	Mahidol University	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02693002 Comparator	Feb → Nov 2016	—	Gretchen Wells	Terminated	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02969590 Comparator	Mar 2015 → Aug 2017	infertility disorder	Oregon Health and Science University	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01980680 Comparator	Dec 2014 → Sep 2019	infertility disorder	Peter Humaidan	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02872818 Comparator	Oct 2014 → Mar 2015	hyperplasia	Kayseri Education and Research Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT02186782 Comparator	Jun 2014 → Jul 2018	anovulation, infertility disorder	Maher elesawi kamel elesawi	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01943812 Background	Dec 2013 → Apr 2019	pregnancy disorder with abortive outcome	Peter Humaidan	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01577199 Comparator	Apr → Dec 2012	female infertility	Weill Medical College of Cornell University	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01504139 Comparator	Jan 2012 → Apr 2014	infertility disorder	Regionshospitalet Viborg, Skive	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01109979 Comparator	Dec 2009 → Jan 2012	cardiovascular disorder	Brigham and Women's Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01165307 Comparator	Aug 2009 → Sep 2015	menstrual disorder	Abimbola Famuyide	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00837616 Comparator	Jan 2009 → Jun 2012	Turner syndrome	Nemours Children's Clinic	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT01123538 Background	Dec 2008 → Oct 2011	—	University Hospital of North Norway	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00617500 Comparator	Jul → Dec 2008	—	Sociedade Hospital Samaritano	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00472004 Comparator	Feb 2006 → Dec 2009	—	Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00154180 Comparator	Sep 2005 → May 2012	arteriosclerosis disorder	Kronos Longevity Research Institute	Unknown	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00134745 Comparator	Jun 2005 → Mar 2013	Turner syndrome	Line Cleemann	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00206622 Comparator	Dec 2004 → Feb 2006	—	Bayer	Completed	No outcome recorded
Phase 4	NCT00030147 Comparator	Feb 2002 → Jun 2015	depressive disorder	National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)	Completed	No outcome recorded

Phase not applicable32 trials
—	NCT07574216 Comparator	Jun 2026 → Dec 2031 expected	physiological sexual disorder, postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	University of Arizona	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07032506 Background	May 2026 → Sep 2029 expected	adhesions of uterus	Weill Medical College of Cornell University	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT07496294 Background	Apr 2026 → Oct 2027 expected	—	Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Sancaktepe Training and Research Hospital	Not yet recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05802303 Comparator	Jul 2023 → Mar 2024	female infertility	Indira IVF Hospital Pvt Ltd	Terminated	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05672901 Comparator	Apr 2023 → Sep 2026 expected	—	Stratpharma AG	Recruiting	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05783479 Comparator	Jun → Dec 2022	uterine polyp	Jagiellonian University	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT05232344 Background	Apr 2022 → Feb 2024	infertility disorder	University Hospital, Montpellier	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT04544475 Comparator	Sep 2021 → Oct 2022	—	NYU Langone Health	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT04301934 Comparator	Jun 2020 → Apr 2023	urinary tract infection	Mayo Clinic	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02383823 Comparator	Aug 2019 → Dec 2020	—	Herning Hospital	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
—	NCT03915054 Comparator	Apr → Dec 2019	polycystic ovary syndrome	My Duc Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT03540979 Comparator	Jun 2018 → Dec 2019	—	Meir Medical Center	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT03155048 Comparator	May → Oct 2017	infertility disorder	Memorial Sisli Hospital, Istanbul	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT06132620 Comparator	Apr 2017 → Jun 2018	—	Yun Chen	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT04453332 Comparator	Oct 2015 → Jun 2021	—	Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02122198 Comparator	Sep 2014 → May 2017	cardiovascular disorder, cognitive disorder	University of Colorado, Denver	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02218463 Comparator	Sep 2014 → May 2016	labia minora, incomplete adhesion of	Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02256540 Comparator	Aug 2014 → Mar 2016	—	University of Colorado, Denver	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01986764 Comparator	Jul 2013	—	University of Pennsylvania	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01613131 Comparator	Apr 2012 → Jun 2014	menstrual disorder	University of Colorado, Denver	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01605071 Comparator	Sep 2011 → Nov 2015	—	University of Colorado, Denver	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT04418908 Comparator	Nov 2010 → Oct 2018	type 1 diabetes mellitus	University of Colorado, Denver	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01200537 Comparator	Oct 2010 → Oct 2011	female infertility due to oocyte meiotic arrest	Duke University	Withdrawn	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01046643 Comparator	May 2010 → Mar 2012	premature menopause	University of Michigan	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01208324 Comparator	Mar 2010 → Nov 2018	premature menopause	University of Colorado, Denver	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01427595 Background	Feb 2009 → Jan 2015	polycystic ovary syndrome	University of Virginia	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01367912 Comparator	Feb → Nov 2008	infertility disorder	Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00547001 Comparator	Aug 2007 → Nov 2009	—	Hartford Hospital	Unknown	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00465894 Comparator	Apr 2007 → Jul 2010	overactive bladder	University of Alabama at Birmingham	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT01432028 Comparator	Mar 2007 → Apr 2011	—	Denusa Wiltgen	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT02524561 Comparator	Sep 2005 → Dec 2013	breast disorder	Brigham and Women's Hospital	Completed	No outcome recorded
—	NCT00694733 Comparator	May 2005 → Mar 2024	obesity disorder	Oregon Health and Science University	Unknown	No outcome recorded

Press releases naming this drug 6 releases

Date	Issuer	Release
2024-04-15	Organon and Co	Organon’s HADLIMA™ (adalimumab-bwwd) and NuvaRing® (etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) Added to Mark Cuban’s Cost Plus Drugs organon.com ↗
2021-01-14	Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc.	Teva Announces Launch of a Generic Version of NuvaRing® (etonogestrel and ethinyl estradiol) Vaginal Ring in the United States tevapharm.com ↗
2018-01-02	Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc.	Teva Announces Launch of an Authorized Generic of Estrace® Cream in the United States tevapharm.com ↗
2017-07-24	Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc.	Teva Announces the Launch of Generic Vagifem® in the United States tevapharm.com ↗
2017-03-16	Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc.	Teva Announces Launch of Authorized Generic of Minastrin® 24 Fe (norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets and ferrous fumarate tablets) in the United States tevapharm.com ↗
2013-03-29	Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc.	FDA Approves New Drug Application (NDA) for Teva’s Quartette™ (levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol and ethinyl estradiol) Tablets for the Prevention of Pregnancy tevapharm.com ↗

Evidence & citations 66 cited values

Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 435 sources stand behind the page.

Field	Value	Cited text
Known as	(estradiol)	“OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of once-daily relugolix combination therapy (relugolix-CT: relugolix 40 mg, estradiol 1 mg, and norethindrone acetate 0.5 mg) compared with...” PMID 35675604 ↗ May 2022 334 “In the present analysis, the subjects received daily in the right and left forearm a transdermal nanostructured formulation of Estriol (0.1%) + Estradiol (0.25%) and...” NCT02033512 ↗ “2 weeks of oral estradiol (2 mg daily) or transdermal (two 0.1 mg patches changed twice weekly) estradiol supplementation followed by 1 week of oral or transdermal estradiol...” NCT07032506 ↗ “Participants received a single dose of estradiol gel (Estramon 2 mg estradiol, Hexal AG, Holzkirchen, Germany), applied to their shoulder, 3 hours prior to the fear extinction...” NCT04330677 ↗ “Hypothesis: Estrogen can potentially be absorbed systemically when toothpaste is admixed with estradiol and is applied in a timed, consistent fashion to postmenopausal or...” NCT00029757 ↗ “STUDY QUESTION: Does luteal estradiol (E2) pretreatment give a similar number of retrieved oocytes compared to no-pretreatment in advanced-aged women stimulated with...” PMID 39008826 ↗ Sep 2024 “This is a single-arm, open-label, phase 3 study to assess the contraceptive efficacy of relugolix combination therapy (relugolix 40 milligrams [mg], estradiol [E2] 1 mg, and...” NCT04756037 ↗ “Forty insomniac postmenopausal women with no severe vasomotor symptoms and/or recognized hot flushes during sleep were randomized into 2 months' treatment with a 50-μg...” PMID 25242569 ↗ Nov 2014 “Standard-dose continuously-combined bio-identical HRT containing transdermal estradiol 1.5 mg/d (= 2 strokes of Oestrogel® Dispenser) and oral micronized progesterone (= 1...” NCT06497894 ↗ “The purpose of this study is to test the ability of risedronate and estradiol, alone or in combination, to prevent bone loss associated with androgen deprivation therapy in men...” PMID 19468757 ↗ May 2009 “Nomegestrol Acetate and Estradiol Tablets, 2.5 mg NOMAC and 1.5 mg E2 taken once daily from Day 1 of menstrual period up to and including Day 28 for 26 consecutive 28-day...” NCT00511342 ↗ “A Dose-finding Study to Evaluate the Effect of a Contraceptive Vaginal Ring, Releasing Nestorone® and Estradiol, on Cycle Control, Ovulation Inhibition, and Pharmacokinetics in...” NCT01586000 ↗ “Nomegestrol Acetate and Estradiol Tablets, 2.5 mg NOMAC and 1.5 mg E2 taken once daily from Day 1 of menstrual period up to and including Day 28 for 13 consecutive 28-day...” NCT00413062 ↗ “participants with POI will receive transdermal estradiol (beginning at a dose of 25 µg/patch applied weekly), with the dose increased at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months (to 37.5, 50,...” NCT03568708 ↗ “examining cervical mucus changes in six women during natural and artificial menstrual cycles [leuprolide acetate, estradiol transdermal patch (0.05-0.3 mg/day) and progesterone...” PMID 29457758 ↗ Feb 2018 “Nomegestrol Acetate and Estradiol (NOMAC-E2) Tablets, 2.5 mg NOMAC and 1.5 mg E2 taken once daily from Day 1 of menstrual period up to and including Day 28 for 6 consecutive...” NCT00511355 ↗ “Study medication will be provided by Sumitomo in pill bottles containing an 84-day supply of relugolix 40mg, estradiol 1mg, norethindrone acetate 0.5mg (Relugolix Combination therapy).” NCT07100782 ↗ “Fenmorphone (this product is a compound preparation, estradiol tablets contain estradiol 2mg; Estradiol dydrogesterone tablets contain estradiol 2 mg and dydrogesterone 10 mg).” NCT06132620 ↗ “Estradiol transdermal system 0.1 mg/day (25 cm2 patch. Patch changed every other day x 3. Final patch left on for about 7 days. Total duration of therapy approximately 14 days.” NCT00826839 ↗ “They received daily estradiol hemihydrate (E2) 2mg + norethisterone acetate (NETA) 1mg (Kliogest®, Novo Nordisk, Denmark) and were randomized to get additional Boneplac” NCT00877097 ↗ “In this study MHT consists of estradiol transdermal patches (50 mcg (Systen), which provide a stable release of estradiol and lead to more stable blood levels.” NCT06306404 ↗ “A dose-finding, cross-over study to evaluate the effect of a Nestorone®/Estradiol transdermal gel delivery on ovulation suppression in normal ovulating women.” PMID 26032952 ↗ May 2015 “An estradiol/nomogestrel acetate (E2/NOMAC) combined pill will be effective in controlling HMB in the majority of women without structural pelvic pathology.” NCT01715025 ↗ “Females with elevated levels of male hormones respond differently to estrace (estradiol) and progesterone than females with normal male hormone levels.” NCT01428193 ↗ “Nomegestrol Acetate and Estradiol Tablets, 2.5 mg NOMAC and 1.5 mg E2 taken once daily from Day 1 of menstrual period up to and including Day 28” NCT00511433 ↗ “Atrophic subtype support may include: estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, DHEA, pregnenolone, levothyroxine, liothyronine, hydrocortisone.” NCT05894954 ↗ “The vaginal estradiol cream Estrace (chosen due to lower cost than other vaginal estrogen formulations) will then be provided to the patient.” NCT06808347 ↗ “Endometrial preparation will begin on the second day of the menstrual cycle with oral estradiol (E2) valerate at a dose of 2 mg twice daily” NCT06644794 ↗ “Patients will receive estrogenic therapy, based on estradiol, for 10±2 days (oestraclin, topical cream, 5µg daily for 10±2 days).” NCT05095597 ↗ “ESTRING (estradiol vaginal ring) is a slightly opaque ring with a whitish core containing a drug reservoir of 2 mg estradiol.” NCT01984138 ↗ “a Transdermal Estradiol Cream (VML-0203), in Comparison to a Single Dose of EstroGelTM 1.25 gm (1 Unit/0.75 mg of Estradiol)” NCT03556800 ↗ “At the same time, the patients in this arm received Estradiol patch (Climara 7.8 mg patch/week, Bayer, Germany) for 14 days.” NCT05774405 ↗ “addition of estradiol (E2) 1 mg and norethindrone acetate (NETA) 0.5 mg to relugolix 40 mg (relugolix combination therapy)” PMID 37365436 ↗ Jun 2023 “A fixed-dose combination tablet containing relugolix 40 mg, estradiol (E2) 1 mg, and norethindrone acetate (NETA) 0.5 mg.” NCT05862272 ↗ “vaginal misoprostol 25 μg (Vagiprost) tablets with vaginal estradiol 150 ml cream will be applied for induction of laour” NCT05306405 ↗ “Participants will receive HRT for 6 months consisting of 0.5mg estradiol skin patch and 100mg of oral daily progestin” NCT07278323 ↗ “3 mg estradiol per 1 mL 0.36% BHR-200 (transdermal 17β-estradiol gel) applied daily to the skin for up to 52 weeks.” NCT02349386 ↗ “Daily use of 100 mg progesterone vaginal tablet, and Estrofem; estradiol 1 mg administrated orally. for 6 month” NCT00919919 ↗ “Estrogen treatment (100 ug Estradiol daily) administered transdermally by using continuous delivery patches.” NCT00805207 ↗ “Eligible patients were treated with Vagifem® (17β-estradiol hemihydrate) 10 μg vaginal tablets for 12 weeks.” NCT06654570 ↗ “the participant receives 2 mg of estradiol daily and this drug is increased to 6 mg per day in three days.” NCT05189873 ↗ “quick start of combined hormonal contraception containing 1.5 mg estradiol /2.5 mg nomegestrol acetate” NCT03077555 ↗ “Each tablet of Myfembree contains Relugolix 40mg, estradiol 1mg, and norethindrone acetate 0.5 mg.” NCT05538689 ↗ “Pretreatment with a 0.1mg estradiol patch in the luteal phase starting 10 days after the LH surge” NCT01577199 ↗ “Oocytes in AREG-TRIGGER medium will be mature in AREG + FSH + HSA + Insulin + Estradiol medium.” NCT03915054 ↗ “Vagifem® tablets contain 10.3 mcg of estradiol hemihydrate equivalent to 10 mcg of estradiol.” NCT02516202 ↗ “0.01% vaginal estradiol cream 1/2 gram once nightly for two weeks then three times per week” NCT05221021 ↗ “Estradiol 14mcg patch will be applied for 10 days/month for the first 6 months in Group 2.” NCT00870220 ↗ “2.5 mg Nomegestrol Acetate (NOMAC) and 1.5 mg Estradiol (E2), Compared to a Monophasic COC” NCT00511199 ↗ “Estradiol vaginal ring, containing 2mg estradiol designed for slow release over 30 days” NCT03837015 ↗ “The Femoston was contain estradiol tablets and estradiol didroxyprogesterone tablets.” NCT05021094 ↗ “Trans-dermal Estradiol 25mcg/norethisterone acetate 85 mcg 1/2 an Evorel Conti patch” NCT02264743 ↗ “either 2 mg estradiol or placebo in three months in random sequence, age span 45-55” NCT02383823 ↗ “Estradiol 1 mg / Norethindrone Acetate 0.5 mg for oral administration once daily.” NCT05620355 ↗ “2 mg of estradiol every day beginning the second day of the cycle until day 7.” NCT01430650 ↗ “or to a conventional estradiol patch (Vivelle-Dot™ 0.05 mg)+Prometrium™ 100mg” PMID 23384975 ↗ Feb 2013 “Dydrogesterone 10 mg + Estradiol 1 mg/Dydrogesterone 5 mg + Estradiol 1 mg” NCT05678192 ↗ “Progesterone 1mmol/L; Estradiol 1mmol/L; Estrone 3mmol/L; Estriol 3mmol/L” NCT00873262 ↗ “Estradiol is a transdermal patch 0.075 mg, applied weekly for 24 weeks” NCT04043520 ↗ “Treatment with estrogens: Estradiol dermal patch 0.1mg/d transdermally” NCT02349113 ↗ “Transdermal estradiol (0.045mg)/levonorgestrel (0.015mg) weekly patch” NCT03875378 ↗ “Femoston 2/10 (estradiol 2mg / dydrogesterone 10mg), 1 tablet daily.” NCT07580950 ↗ “In the study group, these will contain 0.025 mg/day of estradiol.” NCT06318403 ↗ “Impact of Estradiol Addback on Somatostatin Rebound in Older Men” NCT01862835 ↗ “transdermal estradiol patch (Climara) 100 mcg/24 hours weekly” NCT02922348 ↗ “Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) 2.5 mg and estradiol (E2) 1.5 mg” NCT05264506 ↗ “Plus Estradiol (Divigel, Gel for Topical Application, 0.1%)” NCT05156814 ↗ “estradiol (E2) 1 mg / norethisterone acetate (NETA) 0.5 mg” NCT03986944 ↗ “estradiol (E2) 1 mg / norethisterone acetate (NETA) 0.5 mg” NCT05894135 ↗ “estradiol (E2) 1 mg / norethisterone acetate (NETA) 0.5 mg” NCT03992846 ↗ “29 days (estradiol 1mg/progesterone 100 mg oral capsule)” NCT05418426 ↗ “Transdermal estradiol 0.1 mg/day, applied once weekly” NCT05704036 ↗ “Estradiol 1 mg and a drospirenone 2mg/day (3 months)” NCT00617500 ↗ “relugolix, estradiol (E2), and norethindrone (NET)” NCT04714554 ↗ “Estradiol is the primary and most potent estrogen” NCT00586898 ↗ “Estrace® Cream (estradiol vaginal cream, 0.01%)” NCT03332303 ↗ “Vaginal estrogen cream, estradiol: 100mcg” NCT04544475 ↗ “1 mg encapsulated estradiol (Estrofem®)” NCT05586724 ↗ “Topical vaginal estradiol application” NCT05658874 ↗ “A red tablet contains 2mg estradiol.” NCT02726971 ↗ “25 µg transdermal oestradiol” NCT03940807 ↗ “Estradiol patch (0.1mg)” NCT07420218 ↗ “2. Estradiol 1 mmol/L” NCT00866437 ↗ “Estradiol cream” NCT00694733 ↗ “estradiol cream” NCT02770365 ↗ “Estradiol” NCT06715514 ↗ NCT01486979 ↗ NCT00001481 ↗ NCT04051320 ↗ NCT04232813 ↗ NCT03779633 ↗ NCT06279195 ↗ NCT07212712 ↗ NCT02670785 ↗ NCT03868202 ↗ NCT06191289 ↗ NCT01810315 ↗ NCT03240081 ↗ NCT00160316 ↗ NCT04453332 ↗ NCT03238092 ↗ NCT03401047 ↗ NCT02485821 ↗ NCT00185328 ↗ NCT05737329 ↗ NCT01301183 ↗ NCT07574216 ↗ NCT03343067 ↗ NCT00455962 ↗ NCT04301934 ↗ NCT06264882 ↗ NCT02218463 ↗ NCT01928082 ↗ NCT00185237 ↗ NCT00391417 ↗ NCT04833140 ↗ NCT01455597 ↗ NCT05317364 ↗ NCT00455741 ↗ NCT00789802 ↗ NCT02736032 ↗ NCT00465192 ↗ NCT00176644 ↗ NCT00294463 ↗ NCT03651427 ↗ NCT03294538 ↗ NCT00464971 ↗ NCT04225221 ↗ NCT00108238 ↗ NCT02847806 ↗ NCT03033160 ↗ NCT07254429 ↗ NCT05388656 ↗ NCT02238808 ↗ NCT06686537 ↗ NCT02486757 ↗ NCT00066157 ↗ NCT01293747 ↗ NCT01385280 ↗ NCT07260825 ↗ NCT00905723 ↗ NCT00003771 ↗ NCT03531437 ↗ NCT00435175 ↗ NCT00687739 ↗ NCT00608062 ↗ NCT01895881 ↗ NCT06358014 ↗ NCT00649896 ↗ NCT04418908 ↗ NCT01816139 ↗ NCT05387577 ↗ NCT03973229 ↗ NCT00413764 ↗ NCT02691494 ↗ NCT06969326 ↗ NCT00000559 ↗ NCT02186782 ↗ NCT01817530 ↗ NCT02253173 ↗ NCT01367912 ↗ NCT00127075 ↗ NCT03681691 ↗ NCT06312033 ↗ NCT03941730 ↗ NCT00184795 ↗ NCT02224313 ↗ NCT01980680 ↗ NCT02449902 ↗ NCT01553773 ↗ NCT01157182 ↗ NCT03689543 ↗ NCT02792153 ↗ NCT07568574 ↗ NCT00997893 ↗ NCT04760691 ↗ NCT00310531 ↗ NCT01441635 ↗ NCT01200537 ↗ NCT01400776 ↗ NCT01046643 ↗ NCT04079218 ↗ NCT04255160 ↗ NCT02984696 ↗ NCT01942668 ↗ NCT05617820 ↗ NCT01070979 ↗ NCT02673606 ↗ NCT00044837 ↗ NCT00431132 ↗ NCT00431093 ↗ NCT00001259 ↗ NCT01504139 ↗ NCT00560924 ↗ NCT02195986 ↗ NCT00006133 ↗ NCT00446199 ↗ NCT04036500 ↗ NCT01943812 ↗ NCT02715232 ↗ NCT02475265 ↗ NCT01065220 ↗ NCT07496294 ↗ NCT00324259 ↗ NCT02668796 ↗ NCT00001322 ↗ NCT02255175 ↗ NCT07398924 ↗ NCT00370019 ↗ NCT01308814 ↗ NCT05586711 ↗ NCT06856174 ↗ NCT00303784 ↗ NCT03003949 ↗ NCT01126801 ↗ NCT05982470 ↗ NCT06369363 ↗ NCT06455969 ↗ NCT01659008 ↗ NCT05783479 ↗ NCT04093518 ↗ NCT01083641 ↗ NCT04359329 ↗ NCT00206622 ↗ NCT00206570 ↗ NCT00206557 ↗ NCT05551949 ↗ NCT04050592 ↗ NCT02995694 ↗ NCT04853069 ↗ NCT02693002 ↗ NCT06005610 ↗ NCT00154180 ↗ NCT03204331 ↗ NCT02925494 ↗ NCT07620587 ↗ NCT02316249 ↗ NCT02467673 ↗ NCT00459810 ↗ NCT04671966 ↗ NCT01986764 ↗ NCT00134745 ↗ NCT03498313 ↗ NCT04112368 ↗ NCT06253702 ↗ NCT00426972 ↗ NCT01432028 ↗ NCT00744328 ↗ NCT00302731 ↗ NCT06316219 ↗ NCT07160504 ↗ NCT00775242 ↗ NCT03815929 ↗ NCT04685148 ↗ NCT01780558 ↗ NCT05903820 ↗ NCT07526948 ↗ NCT01780610 ↗ NCT06136208 ↗ NCT04021017 ↗ NCT01546454 ↗ NCT05232344 ↗ NCT01790282 ↗ NCT02524561 ↗ NCT03043924 ↗ NCT04192266 ↗ NCT01268046 ↗ NCT01109979 ↗ NCT00631124 ↗ NCT01613131 ↗ NCT05645406 ↗ NCT03336437 ↗ NCT03493126 ↗ NCT01477632 ↗ NCT04190927 ↗ NCT00005108 ↗ NCT00030147 ↗ NCT00251082 ↗ NCT04997525 ↗ NCT00356447 ↗ NCT01389102 ↗ NCT01381016 ↗ NCT06439524 ↗ NCT01605071 ↗ NCT01265017 ↗ NCT03844412 ↗ NCT01753102 ↗ NCT06896617 ↗ NCT01723579 ↗ NCT00080756 ↗ NCT00740194 ↗ NCT04283656 ↗ NCT01762943 ↗ NCT00357006 ↗ NCT03412890 ↗ NCT01709318 ↗ NCT01923298 ↗ NCT01165307 ↗ NCT05472779 ↗ NCT04597099 ↗ NCT01958073 ↗ NCT01596010 ↗ NCT05457972 ↗ NCT05951413 ↗ NCT01705249 ↗ NCT02122198 ↗ NCT02455453 ↗ NCT00711607 ↗ NCT03848234 ↗ NCT05197374 ↗ NCT05458375 ↗ NCT00361075 ↗ NCT05282277 ↗ NCT00167648 ↗ NCT05723601 ↗ NCT01633814 ↗ NCT03155048 ↗ NCT03724955 ↗ NCT07145281 ↗ NCT04933240 ↗ NCT01085877 ↗ NCT01251263 ↗ NCT06324851 ↗ NCT00547001 ↗ NCT03720847 ↗ NCT06798571 ↗ NCT01310647 ↗ NCT05802303 ↗ NCT01845649 ↗ NCT05716516 ↗ NCT00732693 ↗ NCT03479879 ↗ NCT00108849 ↗ NCT01973816 ↗ NCT03271489 ↗
Known as	17 beta-oestradiol	“doses of 25 micrograms 17 beta-oestradiol (E2)” PMID 1791769 ↗ Dec 1991
Known as	17-B Estradiol	“A Prospective, Randomized, Open Label Study To Compare The Efficacy, Safety And Tolerability Of 17-B Estradiol/Trimegestone CC 1 Mg (Totelle) And Tibolone (Livial) In...” NCT00472004 ↗ 10 “17-B estradiol cream 0.5 grams nightly for 6 weeks then two times weekly for 46 weeks.” NCT00465894 ↗ “17-b-Estradiol Patch, .05 mg/day; applied for 7 days” NCT00227942 ↗ NCT00837616 ↗ NCT00115024 ↗ NCT02188745 ↗ NCT00472004 ↗ NCT00114517 ↗ NCT00668603 ↗ NCT05900895 ↗ NCT00195455 ↗
Known as	17-b-estradiol hemihydrate	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT00668603 ↗
Known as	17-Beta Estradiol	“Two-hundred eighteen healthy women with intact uteri enrolled in the Estrogen in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis Trial (EPAT) or the Women's Estrogen-Progestin Lipid-Lowering...” PMID 17329508 ↗ Mar 2007 8 “A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of 17-Beta Estradiol 10 Micrograms and 25 Micrograms...” NCT00465192 ↗ “To investigate the pharmacokinetics of 10 microg and 25 microg 17beta-estradiol (E2) vaginal tablets in postmenopausal women with vaginal atrophy.” PMID 20423242 ↗ Jun 2010 “Participants were randomised to receive 2.5 mg tibolone or 1 mg 17beta estradiol plus 0.5 mg norethisterone acetate (E2/NETA) daily for 48 weeks.” PMID 17995496 ↗ Dec 2007 “Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of 17-Beta Estradiol in Treatment of Atrophic Vaginitis: An Extension Trial” NCT00464971 ↗ “INTERVENTION: Unopposed micronized 17beta-estradiol (1 mg/d) or placebo.” PMID 11730394 ↗ Dec 2001 “Vagifem Low Dose (10 mcg 17beta-estradiol Vaginal Tablet)” NCT00108849 ↗ “17-beta Estradiol gel 0.06% w/w(ESTOGEL.Intas pharma)” NCT05802303 ↗ “transdermal 17-beta estradiol (TE) (100 mcg/d)” PMID 33470755 ↗ Jan 2021
Known as	17-beta-E2	“This sub-analysis included only ELITE participants with an intact uterus, who were randomized to either daily oral micronized 17-beta-E2 1 mg/day with 4% vaginal micronized P4...” PMID 34736575 ↗ Sep 2021
Known as	17β-estradiol	“A total of 643 healthy postmenopausal women were stratified according to time since menopause (<6 years [early postmenopause] or ≥10 years [late postmenopause]) and were...” PMID 27028912 ↗ Mar 2016 36 “The purpose of this study is to assess the contraceptive efficacy of the Etonogestrel (ENG) + 17β-Estradiol (E2) vaginal ring in women between 18 and 35 years of age based on...” NCT02524288 ↗ “OBJECTIVES: To investigate the long-term endometrial safety and bleeding pattern of the 0.25 mg drospirenone/0.5 mg 17β-estradiol (DRSP/E2) dose combination compared with 0.5...” PMID 23531117 ↗ May 2013 “The softgel 17β-estradiol (E2) vaginal inserts (4 and 10 μg; Imvexxy; TherapeuticsMD, Boca Raton, FL) are FDA approved for treating moderate to severe dyspareunia associated...” PMID 31688572 ↗ Nov 2019 “Women with TS were treated with oral hormone substitution consisting of 2 mg 17β-estradiol/day for days 1-12, 2 mg 17β-estradiol/day and 1 mg norethisterone acetate/day for...” NCT00825617 ↗ “To evaluate the effect of investigational vaginal rings containing nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) plus 17β-estradiol (E2) or etonogestrel (ENG) plus E2 in women with moderate to...” PMID 30439359 ↗ Nov 2018 “Data were derived from a randomized controlled clinical trial investigating 2 different doses of estradiol treatment (2 mg 17β-estradiol per day and placebo or 2+2 mg...” PMID 30571546 ↗ Jan 2019 “Forty-two patients received non-oral, conventional HT (1.5 mg/day percutaneous 17β-estradiol gel or equivalent for nasal route) for 3 months followed by 200 mg/day micronized...” PMID 25017924 ↗ Oct 2014 “Nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC)/17β-estradiol (E2) is a monophasic oral contraceptive that contains a progesterone-derived progestogen (NOMAC), and E2, a bio-identical estrogen.” PMID 24777591 ↗ Jun 2014 “Postmenopausal obese women will be randomly submitted to estrogen (transdermal 17-β-estradiol 1mg/day) or placebo therapy during three months in a double-blind fashion.” NCT01295892 ↗ “Mature girls with AN (bone age [BA] ≥15 years, n = 96) were randomized to 100 µg of 17β-estradiol (with cyclic progesterone) or placebo transdermally for 18 months.” PMID 21698665 ↗ Oct 2011 “200 mg/day oral micronized natural progesterone (e.g. Utrogestan® 100mg) + 0.05 mg/day transdermal (i.e. plaster) 17β-estradiol (e.g. Estraderm® 50µg) during a year” NCT01123538 ↗ “Oestrogel® is a transdermal hormone replacement therapy containing 17β-estradiol in a hydroalcoholic gel formulation designed for topical application.” NCT07041814 ↗ “Transdermal 17β-estradiol (100 ug/day) for 12 months, administered as patches to be worn continuously and replaced once a week.” NCT01308814 ↗ “Transdermal patches releasing 17β-estradiol (0.05 mg/24 hours) and norethisterone (0.25 mg/24 hours) for 12 months” NCT03921736 ↗ “One tablet \[17β-estradiol (E2 0.3mg)\] per day taken orally for 3 cycles (28 days per cycle).” NCT00446199 ↗ “treatment with 17β-estradiol (Vivelle Dot® 0.10 - 0.15 mg/day) or a look-alike placebo patch” NCT01208324 ↗ “Ultra low dose, film-coated 17β-estradiol (as hemihydrate) 0.5mg \& dydrogesterone 2.5 mg” NCT02264743 ↗ “low-dose vaginal 17β-estradiol (estradiol) tablets and vaginal promestriene cream” PMID 34813408 ↗ Nov 2021 “containing nomegestrol acetate/17β-estradiol (NOMAC/E2) on bone mineral density” PMID 22762147 ↗ Aug 2012 “nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) plus 17β-estradiol (E(2)) were investigated after a” PMID 22898360 ↗ Aug 2012 “etonogestrel (ENG) + 17β-estradiol (E2) (MK-8342B) vaginal ring” NCT02668822 ↗ “17 β-estradiol hemihydrate 2 mg and estrogen gel 5 g daily” NCT03578172 ↗ “ultra-low-dose 10-microgram 17β-estradiol vaginal tablets” PMID 20859151 ↗ Oct 2010 “low-dose oral estrogen therapy (1 mg 17β-estradiol)” NCT04760691 ↗ “Etonogestrel + 17β-Estradiol Vaginal Ring” NCT02616146 ↗ “50 µg/d transdermal 17β-estradiol (t-E2)” PMID 28846767 ↗ Oct 2017 “17β-estradiol 1.5mg/24 hours x 21 days” NCT02618148 ↗ NCT02668783 ↗ NCT01015677 ↗ NCT06780163 ↗ NCT02349386 ↗ NCT03069781 ↗ NCT06546397 ↗ NCT01087593 ↗ NCT03740204 ↗ NCT02872818 ↗
Known as	17β-estradiol hemihydrate	“Eligible patients were treated with Vagifem® (17β-estradiol hemihydrate) 10 μg vaginal tablets for 12 weeks.” NCT06654570 ↗
Known as	17β-Oestradiol	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT01153581 ↗
Known as	Alora	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT00224094 ↗
Known as	BAY86-5435	“Menostar (Estradiol, BAY86-5435)” NCT00310531 ↗
Known as	Bio-E-Gel	“Bio-E-Gel (Topical Estradiol Gel)” NCT00391417 ↗
Known as	Climara	“At the same time, the patients in this arm received Estradiol patch (Climara 7.8 mg patch/week, Bayer, Germany) for 14 days.” NCT05774405 ↗ 3 NCT02042196 ↗ NCT00649896 ↗ NCT02256540 ↗
Known as	DERMESTRIL SEPTEM	“Oral NOMA (LUTENYL® 10 mg/day) combined with transdermal Estradiol (DERMESTRIL SEPTEM® 75 mcg, once a week),” NCT00127075 ↗
Known as	Divigel	“Plus Estradiol (Divigel, Gel for Topical Application, 0.1%)” NCT05156814 ↗ 1 NCT00727129 ↗
Known as	E(2)	“The doses of estradiol (E(2)) and progesterone (P) were chosen to mimic levels across the normal follicular phase and have been shown previously to induce negative followed by...” PMID 21558550 ↗ May 2011 2 “nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) plus 17β-estradiol (E(2)) were investigated after a” PMID 22898360 ↗ Aug 2012 “estradiol (E(2))-group” PMID 18077316 ↗ Dec 2007
Known as	ESTOGEL	“17-beta Estradiol gel 0.06% w/w(ESTOGEL.Intas pharma)” NCT05802303 ↗
Known as	Estrabet Tablet	“Estradiol Hemihydrate(Estrabet Tablet, abbott pharma)” NCT05802303 ↗
Known as	Estrace	“Either Premarin or Estrace cream will be used (dependent on patient's insurance). Premarin 1 gram every night for the first 7 days, then 0.5 grams twice weekly. Estrace cream 2...” NCT03943823 ↗ 14 “A total of 222 healthy postmenopausal women 46 to 80 years old without CVD symptoms will be randomized to receive either micronized 17B-estradiol (Estrace) 1mg/day, or a...” NCT00115024 ↗ “The vaginal estradiol cream Estrace (chosen due to lower cost than other vaginal estrogen formulations) will then be provided to the patient.” NCT06808347 ↗ “1mg/day for 3-days and 3mg/day for 7-days of 17β-estradiol (Estrace, Acerus Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Mississauga, ON, Canada).” NCT03069781 ↗ “Reference: Estrace® (estradiol vaginal cream USP, 0.01%) (Warner Chilcott)” NCT02995694 ↗ NCT01428245 ↗ NCT01428193 ↗ NCT01427595 ↗ NCT00820664 ↗ NCT06353269 ↗ NCT05672901 ↗ NCT01425541 ↗ NCT00661531 ↗ NCT00361075 ↗ NCT00799708 ↗
Known as	Estrace Cream	“Estrace® Cream (Estradiol Vaginal Cream, USP, 0.01%), administered once daily for 7 days.” NCT03332303 ↗
Known as	Estraderm	“200 mg/day oral micronized natural progesterone (e.g. Utrogestan® 100mg) + 0.05 mg/day transdermal (i.e. plaster) 17β-estradiol (e.g. Estraderm® 50µg) during a year” NCT01123538 ↗
Known as	Estradiol (vivelle-dot)	“Estradiol (vivelle-dot)” NCT02969590 ↗
Known as	estradiol 17-beta	“women in the trial received either oral estrogen (estradiol 17-beta at the standard replacement dose of 1 mg daily) or a matching placebo” NCT00026039 ↗
Known as	Estradiol acetate	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT01070979 ↗
Known as	estradiol hemihydrate	“They received daily estradiol hemihydrate (E2) 2mg + norethisterone acetate (NETA) 1mg (Kliogest®, Novo Nordisk, Denmark) and were randomized to get additional Boneplac” NCT00877097 ↗ 3 “Most patients who received HT were prescribed continuous combined or sequential estradiol hemihydrate and norethisterone.” PMID 18364505 ↗ Mar 2008 “Estradiol Hemihydrate(Estrabet Tablet, abbott pharma)” NCT05802303 ↗ “Drug: Estradiol Hemihydrate Transdermal System” NCT04021017 ↗
Known as	Estradiol patch	“Drug: Estradiol patch” NCT04833140 ↗
Known as	Estradiol/Norethindrone acetate (E2/NETA)	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT01441635 ↗
Known as	Estradot	“Brands of HRT include oestrogel, Evorel, Lenzetto, Estradot, Progynova (this list is not exhaustive)” NCT06704516 ↗ 2 “Estradot®: 50 micrograms/24h, transdermal patch E2” NCT06715514 ↗ “100ug estrogen patch (Estradot)” NCT01204840 ↗
Known as	Estramon	“Participants received a single dose of estradiol gel (Estramon 2 mg estradiol, Hexal AG, Holzkirchen, Germany), applied to their shoulder, 3 hours prior to the fear extinction...” NCT04330677 ↗
Known as	Estring	“ESTRING (estradiol vaginal ring) is a slightly opaque ring with a whitish core containing a drug reservoir of 2 mg estradiol.” NCT01984138 ↗ 3 “intravaginal estradiol (Estring©; 7.5mg/day)” PMID 39836666 ↗ Jan 2025 NCT06353269 ↗ NCT00698035 ↗
Known as	Estrofem	“vaginal progesterone(Crinone; Merck-Serono, Hellerup, Denmark) and estradiol(Estrofem; Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark) in the luteal phase” NCT01504139 ↗ 5 “Daily use of 100 mg progesterone vaginal tablet, and Estrofem; estradiol 1 mg administrated orally. for 6 month” NCT00919919 ↗ “Luteal support with estrogen + progesterone \[(Crinone 8% vaginal gel; Serono, Israel) and Estrofem 4mg\]” NCT01237535 ↗ “1 mg encapsulated estradiol (Estrofem®)” NCT05586724 ↗ NCT03540979 ↗ NCT04797338 ↗
Known as	EstroGel	“ESTRACISE participants allocated to the transdermal estradiol arm will use transdermal estradiol gel (E2) as a dose of 750 ug (EstroGel 0.6 mg/ml) in addition to androgen...” NCT06271551 ↗ 3 “EstroGel® 0.06% (1.25 g of gel)” NCT05645393 ↗ NCT00160173 ↗ NCT07617454 ↗
Known as	EVC	“Estradiol Vaginal Capsule (EVC)” NCT02670785 ↗
Known as	Evorel	“Brands of HRT include oestrogel, Evorel, Lenzetto, Estradot, Progynova (this list is not exhaustive)” NCT06704516 ↗
Known as	Femring	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT00563576 ↗
Known as	Imvexxy	“The softgel 17β-estradiol (E2) vaginal inserts (4 and 10 μg; Imvexxy; TherapeuticsMD, Boca Raton, FL) are FDA approved for treating moderate to severe dyspareunia associated...” PMID 31688572 ↗ Nov 2019
Known as	Menostar	“Menostar (estradiol transdermal delivery system (SHP00577E), 0.014 mg/day)” NCT00185237 ↗ 1 “Menostar (Estradiol, BAY86-5435)” NCT00310531 ↗
Known as	mylan	“Estradiol (mylan or vivelle dot patch)” NCT04255160 ↗
Known as	Mylan Estradiol Transdermal System	“Mylan Estradiol Transdermal System 0.025 mg/day” NCT00649896 ↗
Known as	oestraclin	“Patients will receive estrogenic therapy, based on estradiol, for 10±2 days (oestraclin, topical cream, 5µg daily for 10±2 days).” NCT05095597 ↗
Known as	oestradiol	“Women with measured menstrual bleeding \>80ml per cycle and no contraindications to combined oral contraceptive use will be assigned to an oestradiol/nomegestrol acetate oral...” NCT01715025 ↗ 11 “To report the protocol of a study evaluating the efficacy of transdermal oestradiol (E2) gel in reducing the adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), specifically...” PMID 38587276 ↗ Apr 2024 “Ryeqo® consists of an oral treatment, available as a pill, which contains 40 mg of the GnRH antagonist Relugolix, combined with 1 mg of oestradiol and a progestin, such as...” NCT07173127 ↗ “First line HRT was oral sequential oestradiol/norethisterone in women with intact uterus and oral continuous oestradiol in hysterectomised women.” NCT00252408 ↗ “Group A administered Femoston Conti - oral oestradiol 17β 0.5 mg/dydrogesterone 2.5 mg daily for the duration of the treatment phase (24 weeks)” NCT02264743 ↗ “260 postmenopausal women will be randomised to 100 mg mP or 0.5 mg NETA per day in continuous combination with 1 mg oestradiol” PMID 39448218 ↗ Oct 2024 “1 mg of oral oestradiol (E2) in continuous combination with 2 mg of DRSP” NCT00785317 ↗ “1 mg oestradiol and 0·5 mg norethisterone acetate” PMID 36116480 ↗ Sep 2022 NCT00307775 ↗ NCT03940807 ↗ NCT00701337 ↗ NCT00268476 ↗
Known as	Oestrogel	“Standard-dose continuously-combined bio-identical HRT containing transdermal estradiol 1.5 mg/d (= 2 strokes of Oestrogel® Dispenser) and oral micronized progesterone (= 1...” NCT06497894 ↗ 2 “Oestrogel® is a transdermal hormone replacement therapy containing 17β-estradiol in a hydroalcoholic gel formulation designed for topical application.” NCT07041814 ↗ “Brands of HRT include oestrogel, Evorel, Lenzetto, Estradot, Progynova (this list is not exhaustive)” NCT06704516 ↗
Known as	Provames	“Treatment with estradiol (Provames®, 3 mg morning and evening, or 6 mg per day) will start on the 1st or 2nd day of her period.” NCT05232344 ↗
Known as	SHP00577E	“Menostar (estradiol transdermal delivery system (SHP00577E), 0.014 mg/day)” NCT00185237 ↗ 1 “Menostar (estradiol transdermal delivery system (SHP00577E), 0.014 mg/day)” NCT00310531 ↗
Known as	Systen	“In this study MHT consists of estradiol transdermal patches (50 mcg (Systen), which provide a stable release of estradiol and lead to more stable blood levels.” NCT06306404 ↗
Known as	TE2	“While transdermal E2 (TE2) reduces perimenopausal depressive symptoms” PMID 35809362 ↗ Jul 2022 2 “50 µg/d transdermal 17β-estradiol (t-E2)” PMID 28846767 ↗ Oct 2017 “50 μg/d transdermal 17β estradiol (tE2)” PMID 32520900 ↗ Aug 2020
Known as	Therapeutic Estradiol	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT06179303 ↗
Known as	Transdermal estradiol	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT06610305 ↗
Known as	Transdermal estradiol gel	“Drug: Transdermal estradiol gel” NCT06856174 ↗
Known as	Transdermal estrogen	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT06271551 ↗
Known as	TX-004HR	“The 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase 3 REJOICE trial demonstrated that TX-004HR, an investigational, applicator-free, low-dose vaginal...” PMID 28355090 ↗ Mar 2017
Known as	Vagifem	“A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of 17-Beta Estradiol 10 Micrograms and 25 Micrograms...” NCT00465192 ↗ 10 “This trial is conducted in Europe. The purpose of this study is to evaluate endometrial safety of intravaginal estradiol (Vagifem®) in healthy postmenopausal women having...” NCT00431132 ↗ “One hundred participants will be randomized into the Vagifem® 'active' arm. These women will receive a bottle of Vagifem® tablets (estradiol 10 mcg).” NCT02516202 ↗ “Vagifem (estradiol vaginal tablet) is a small, white round, film-coated, bi-convex vaginal insert, which measures 6 mm.” NCT01984138 ↗ “Eligible patients were treated with Vagifem® (17β-estradiol hemihydrate) 10 μg vaginal tablets for 12 weeks.” NCT06654570 ↗ “Estradiol Vaginal Tablets 10 mcg and Vagifem® (Estradiol Vaginal Tablets) 10 mcg” NCT02668796 ↗ “Estradiol 10 MCG Vaginal Tablet [VAGIFEM]” NCT04232813 ↗ “Vagifem® (estradiol), vaginal tablets” NCT05586711 ↗ NCT00984399 ↗ NCT06353269 ↗ NCT02860897 ↗
Known as	Vagifem (estradiol vaginal tablet)	“Vagifem (estradiol vaginal tablet)” NCT04079218 ↗
Known as	Vagifem Low Dose	“Vagifem Low Dose (10 mcg 17beta-estradiol Vaginal Tablet)” NCT00108849 ↗
Known as	Vaginal estrogen	ClinicalTrials.gov intervention name — accepted as the source's own label NCT01648751 ↗ 1 NCT03996057 ↗
Known as	Vivelle	“transdermal estradiol patch (Vivelle)” NCT00361075 ↗
Known as	Vivelle Dot	“treatment with 17β-estradiol (Vivelle Dot® 0.10 - 0.15 mg/day) or a look-alike placebo patch” NCT01208324 ↗
Known as	vivelle dot patch	“Estradiol (mylan or vivelle dot patch)” NCT04255160 ↗
Known as	Vivelle-Dot generic	“Estradiol in the form of a transdermal patch 100 mcg daily (Vivelle-Dot generic).” NCT04833140 ↗
Known as	VML-0203	“a Transdermal Estradiol Cream (VML-0203)” NCT03556800 ↗
Known as	WC3011	“WC3011 Estradiol Vaginal Cream” NCT01455597 ↗ 1 “WC3011 Estradiol Vaginal Cream” NCT01400776 ↗
Known as	Zesteem	“estradiol (Zesteem)” NCT00426972 ↗ 1 NCT00984386 ↗
Action	Inhibit	“With tE2, testosterone is suppressed” PMID 41880608 ↗ Mar 2026
Modality	Other / unclassified	“Transdermal Estradiol” NCT00001322 ↗
Route	Oral	“receiving unopposed oral estradiol” PMID 17329508 ↗ Mar 2007
Target	ACE2	“17β estradiol reduces expression of ACE2” NCT04853069 ↗